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Young cadres are the backbone of the development of the cause of the Party and the country, and shoulder the mission of national prosperity and national rejuvenation. Strengthening the education management and supervision of young cadres in the new era is conducive to improving the quality and level of administrative management in colleges and universities, enhancing the professional quality of teachers and promoting the connotation construction and high-quality development of colleges and universities. In the new era, the professional service concept has not yet been formed in the education management and supervision system. The ways to strengthen the supervision of young cadres'education are the logical analysis of the concept of human culture from the power of higher education colleges, and the system from the connotation construction of higher vocational colleges.

Fast cross-modal retrieval technology based on hash coding has become a hot topic for the rich multimodal data (text, image, audio, etc.), especially security and privacy challenges in the Internet of Things and mobile edge computing. However, most methods based on hash coding are only mapped to the common hash coding space, and it relaxes the two value constraints of hash coding. Therefore, the learning of the multimodal hash coding may not be sufficient and effective to express the original multimodal data and cause the hash encoding category to be less discriminatory. For the sake of solving these problems, this paper proposes a method of mapping each modal data to the optimal length of hash coding space, respectively, and then the hash encoding of each modal data is solved by the discrete cross-modal hash algorithm of two value constraints. Finally, the similarity of multimodal data is compared in the potential space. The experimental results of the cross-model retrieval based on variable hash coding are better than that of the relative comparison methods in the WIKI data set, NUS-WIDE data set, as well as MIRFlickr data set, and the method we proposed is proved to be feasible and effective.

Objective: To analyze the effects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) combined with arthroscopy on the degree of inflammation and the gait activity indexes of patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Methods: We collected the records of 112 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis treated in the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021. We divided the data into two groups: the control group included those of 54 patients who had received simple HTO and the observation group included those of 58 patients who had undergone HTO combined with arthroscopy. We assessed clinical efficacies, degrees of inflammation and gait activity indexes of the two groups to compare treatment outcomes. Results: The percentage of excellent and good outcomes in the observation group (89.66%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (66.67%; p < 0.05). One year after the operation, the serum and synovial fluid levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the double support phase was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, while the step length, speed and frequency were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HTO combined with Arthroscopy in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis improves the curative effect and the degree of inflammation, and it promotes the recovery of gait activity indices. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6846 How to cite this: Li Q, Wang H, Wang D. Effects of high tibial osteotomy combined with arthroscopy on local inflammation degree and gait activity index in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6846 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

To determine the incidence of bone metastasis (BM) in young female patients with breast cancer (BC) and develop 2 robust nomograms for BM in young female patients with BC.We searched and downloaded the data from young (age ≤40 years) female patients with bone cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen the potential diagnostic variables and prognostic factors for BM. The diagnostic and prognostic nomograms were generated and evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).A total of 13 347 young female patients with BC were identified; of these, 462 were initially diagnosed as having BM. The independent risk factors for BM in young female patients with BC were tumor size, BC subtype, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, AJCC N stage, age and marital status. The independent prognostic factors in these patients were tumor size, subtype, surgery performed, lung metastasis, liver metastasis and brain metastasis. The AUC values of the diagnostic nomogram were 0.803 (95% CI; 0.795-0.811) and 0.813 (95% CI; 0.800-0.825) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The time-dependent AUC values of prognostic nomogram were 0.850, 0.853, and 0.824 at 2, 3 and 4 years in the training cohort, and also0.700 in the validation cohort. For both nomograms, the discrimination was higher than all independent variables. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that both nomograms had favorable calibration and clinical utilization. Finally, a risk stratification system was generated and the 3 risk subgroups showed significantly distinct prognoses.A total of 2 nomograms were developed to assess the risk for and in prognosis of young female patients with BC with BM (BCBM).

HA/β-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)ceramic materials have a wide application prospect in bone remodeling surgery as bone substitutes. This study extracted BCP from butterfish bone that was ca...

Background Mitochondria are key regulators in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Alterations in mitochondrial function are closely associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a key regulator of mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication, is involved in the initiation and progression of colitis‐associated cancer (CAC). Methods TFAM expression was examined in tissue samples of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and CAC by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)‐specific TFAM‐knockout mice (TFAM △IEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with TFAM knockdown or overexpression were used to evaluate the role of TFAM in colitis and the initiation and progression of CAC. The underlying mechanisms of TFAM were also explored by analyzing mitochondrial respiration function and biogenesis. Results The expression of TFAM was downregulated in active IBD and negatively associated with the disease activity. The downregulation of TFAM in IECs was induced by interleukin‐6 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/miR‐23b‐dependent manner. In addition, TFAM knockout impaired IEC turnover to promote dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Of note, TFAM knockout increased the susceptibility of mice to azoxymethane/DSS‐induced CAC and TFAM overexpression protected mice from intestinal inflammation and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis. By contrast, TFAM expression was upregulated in CAC tissues and contributed to cell growth. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that β‐catenin induced the upregulation of TFAM through c‐Myc in CRC cells. Mechanistically, TFAM promoted the proliferation of both IECs and CRC cells by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. Conclusions TFAM plays a dual role in the initiation and progression of CAC, providing a novel understanding of CAC pathogenesis., Our study uncover the opposite roles of TFAM in the initiation and progression of CAC, indicating that TFAM switches from tumor suppressor in the premalignant stages of tumorigenesis to oncogene at later stages of disease. Our data suggest that measuring TFAM status may serve as a clinically useful tool to identify patients at risk for colon dysplasia or cancer. In contrast, TFAM might also be a prognostic biomarker and pharmacological target for advanced CAC.

Liquid crystal (LC) dimers with well-defined composition and structure arouse broad attentions for their exhibiting LC properties beyond conventional low molar mass mesogens and serving as fascinating model compounds for LC polymers. Here in this work, a series of LC dimers bridged with a phosphonic group have been synthesized through a facile free radical mediated addition reaction between hypophosphorous acid and vinyl terminated cyanobiphenyl mesogens with variant length alkyl spacers. In addition, two esterified derivatives and a group of mono-addition homologues with a terminal phosphonic acid group have also been prepared for comparison study. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibit monotropic nematic (N) phase with typical schlieren textures except for the LC dimer with the longest eleven-methylene spacer, which surprisingly shows twist-bend nematic (N

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of posteroanterior (PA) lag screws versus posterior buttress plate fixation in treatment of posterior malleolar fragments (PMFs) in spiral tibial shaft fracture, and provide guidance for surgeons selecting a treatment strategy. A total of 48 eligible patients with PMFs associated with spiral tibial shaft fracture surgically treated from March 2009 to January 2016 were included in the study. They were divided into the screw group (n = 24) and the plate group (n = 24). All operations were performed via a posterolateral approach by a senior orthopedic surgeon. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analog scale (VAS), and assessment of ankle range of motion (ROM) were used for clinical evaluation. The radiographic evaluation of posttraumatic arthritis scale was determined by Bargon reference criteria. At the mean follow-up period of 29.5 ± 4.3 and 30.4 ± 4.1 months, respectively (p > .05), all patients in both groups had bone union without severe wound problems or complications. There were no significant differences in AOFAS (92.5 ± 5.3 vs 94.7 ± 5.6, p = .129) and VAS (2.4 ± 0.8 vs 2.2 ± 0.9, p = .196) scores between the groups at final follow-up. No significant differences were found between the groups in injured/contralateral ankle ROM or posttraumatic ankle arthritis scale postoperatively (p > .05). For PMFs in spiral tibial shaft fracture, PA lag screws or posterior buttress plate fixation via a posterolateral approach can achieve good and equivalent clinical and radiological outcomes with minimal complications.

The mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that TFAM deficiency rapidly and stably induced spontaneous lung metastasis in mice with liver cancer. Interestingly, unexpected polymerization of nuclear actin was observed in TFAM-knockdown HCC cells when cytoskeleton was examined. Polymerization of nuclear actin is causally linked to the high-metastatic ability of HCC cells by modulating chromatin accessibility and coordinating the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Mechanistically, TFAM deficiency blocked the TCA cycle and increased the intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. Malonylation of mDia2, which drives actin assembly, promotes its nuclear translocation. Importantly, inhibition of malonyl-CoA production or nuclear actin polymerization significantly impeded the spread of HCC cells in mice. Moreover, TFAM was significantly downregulated in metastatic HCC tissues and was associated with overall survival and time to tumor recurrence of HCC patients. Taken together, our study connects mitochondria to the metastasis of human cancer via uncovered mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, indicating that TFAM may serve as an effective target to block HCC metastasis.

Mn-Fe bimetallic oxide has been employed as an outstanding peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator, but the underlying mechanism is still controversial. In this work, Mn

Back pain is often associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and IVD degeneration phenotypes are commonly characterized by annulus fibrosus (AF)-driven and endplate (EP)-driven phenotypes. Few studies of EP injury exist in animal models, even though clinical studies show EP lesions are strongly associated with IVD pathology and pain. This project established an ex-vivo rat lumbar EP injury model and characterized effects of EP injury on motion segment biomechanical properties, as compared to AF injury, a common way of inducing IVD degeneration. Lumbar motion segments (39 total vertebra-IVD-vertebra sections) assigned to Intact (L1/L2), AF injury and EP injury (L3/L4 and L5/L6 randomly selected), and biomechanically tested in axial tension-compression, stress-relaxation and torsional testing in pre-injury and post-injury conditions using a repeated-measures design. EP injury involved superior vertebra endplate puncture transcorporeally and obliquely. AF injury involved mid-line punctures anterior and bilaterally. Axial ROM, tensile stiffness, hysteresis, and neutral zone stiffness were significantly affected by EP injury but not AF injury. Torque range, torsional stiffness and torsional neutral zone stiffness were significantly affected by AF injury but not EP injury. Stress-relaxation fast time constant was decreased for EP injury. EP and AF injuries induced distinct biomechanical changes in lumbar motion segments with EP injury having the largest impact on axial biomechanical properties and AF injury most prominently affecting torsional properties. This study deepens the understanding of biomechanical mechanism of EP-driven low back pain and provides methods and biomechanical characterization for future in vivo studies.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration with Modic-like changes is strongly associated with pain. Lack of effective disease-modifying treatments for IVDs with endplate (EP) defects means there is a need for an animal model to improve understanding of how EP-driven IVD degeneration can lead to spinal cord sensitization. This rat in vivo study determined whether EP injury results in spinal dorsal horn sensitization (substance P, SubP), microglia (Iba1) and astrocytes (GFAP), and evaluated their relationship with pain-related behaviors, IVD degeneration, and spinal macrophages (CD68). Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into sham or EP injury groups. At chronic time points, 8 weeks after injury, lumbar spines and spinal cords were isolated for immunohistochemical analyses of SubP, Iba1, GFAP, and CD68. EP injury most significantly increased SubP, demonstrating spinal cord sensitization. Spinal cord SubP-, Iba1- and GFAP-immunoreactivity were positively correlated with pain-related behaviors, indicating spinal cord sensitization and neuroinflammation play roles in pain responses. EP injury increased CD68 macrophages in the EP and vertebrae, and spinal cord SubP-, Iba1- and GFAP-ir were positively correlated with IVD degeneration and CD68-ir EP and vertebrae. We conclude that EP injuries result in broad spinal inflammation with crosstalk between spinal cord, vertebrae and IVD, suggesting that therapies must address neural pathologies, IVD degeneration, and chronic spinal inflammation.

Using heterogeneous coprocessors, such as GPUs, to accelerate complicated SQL queries has been proved to be effective in the database domain. Previous works show that taking advantage of the high parallelism and computing capacity of heterogeneous coprocessors can bring significant performance improvements. However, in the discrete memory architecture, the advantages of heterogeneous coprocessors will be weakened due to the low PCI-e bandwidth and high latency. Fortunately, hardware vendors have proposed a novel integration architecture design, which integrates CPU and GPU on the same chip. This integrated architecture allows the GPU and CPU to share the same unified memory, taking new opportunities for fine-grained collaboration between the GPU and CPU to optimize SQL queries. In this paper, we propose a query processing engine, called FineQuery, to optimize the execution of SQL queries on the integrated architecture. FineQuery can take advantage of both architectural features and query characteristics by performing fine-grained workload scheduling between the CPU and the GPU. Experimental results show that 1) on the integration architecture, FineQuery can reduce the latency by 25.30% and increase the bandwidth utilization by 39.46% on average. 2) FineQuery on the integrated architecture achieves $13.74\times$ the performance-per-cost ratio and $6.87\times$ energy efficiency over query processing on the discrete GPU platform.

Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has attracted more and more attention due to its chemical resistance, biocompatibility and other properties. Furthermore, carbon fibers-PEEK composite (CF-PEEK) has been considered as a novel implant because of its high mechanical strength and elastic modulus that matching with human bones. However, the length of CF has a great influence on mechanical strength and elastic modulus of the randomly distributed chopped CF-PEEK composites. In this work, CF-PEEK composites with more than 10 times length difference of fibers (length of short CF: 150-200 μm and length of long CF: 2-3 mm) were studied. As the results shown, the mechanical strength (including tensile strength, bending strength and compressive strength) of long CF-PEEK composites were more than two times of that of short CF-PEEK composites. Meanwhile, tensile modulus and bending modulus of the two kinds of composites matched well with the modulus of human cortical bone. In addition, according to the results of cytotoxicity test and hemocompatibility assessment, it indicated that the two kinds of CF-PEEK composites showed mild toxicity and no hemolytic reaction. And the histopathological section of systemic toxicity test showed that the CF-PEEK composites had no obvious acute toxicity to organisms.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that TBC domain family is implicated in various cellular events contributing to initiation and development of different cancers, including OC. However, the role of TBC1D2, a crucial member of TBC domain family, remains unclear in OC.IHC and qRT-PCR were employed to determine TBC1D2 expression in OC tissues and cells.Upregulation of TBC1D2 was found in OC and was associated with a poor prognosis. Meanwhile, TBC1D2 promoted OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasionOur findings indicated that TBC1D2 is overexpressed in OC and contributes to tumor metastasis

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease that promotes bone fragility and the risk of fractures. Recent studies have shown the relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of OP. This study aimed to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action underlying miR-27a loaded by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in OP. Serum samples from OP patients and normal controls were collected for miRNA microarray analysis. The expression of filtered miRNA was upregulated in osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclasts (OCs) for biological activity assessment. After developing OP mice using ovariectomy (OVX) and confirming OP, the miR-27a expression level was upregulated in mice by MSC-EV application. Dual-luciferase assays were conducted to validate the relationship between miR-27a and DKK2 expression. The poor expression of miR-27a was observed in patients with OP. miR-27a increased the expression of OB markers, the number of ALP-positive cells, and the number of calcium nodules in OCs. In OVX mice, miR-27a increased bone density, improved bone structure damage recovery, decreased the levels of bone resorption markers, and decreased OC number. miR-27a transmitted by MSC-EVs interacted with DKK2. MSC-EVs exerted the same protective effects as miR-27a on OP, whereas miR-27a inhibitor abolished the attenuating effects of MSC-EVs. In contrast, DKK2 depletion reversed the stimulatory effects of the miR-27a inhibitor on OP. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated upon MSC-EV application and DKK2 silencing and was impaired upon the downregulation of the expression of miR-27a. MSC-EVs are effective in preventing mouse OP. This mechanism is mediated by the miR-27a/DKK2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver cancer in children, and the aggressive subtype often has a poor prognosis and lacks effective targeted therapy. Although aggressive hepatoblastoma (HB) is often accompanied by abnormally high expression of the transcription factor c-Myc, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that mitochondrial fragmentation was enhanced by c-Myc overexpression in human aggressive HB tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Then, a mouse model resembling human HB was established via hydrodynamic injection of c-Myc plasmids. We observed that liver-specific knockout of the mitochondrial fusion molecule MFN1 or overexpression of mitochondrial fission molecule DRP1 promoted the occurrence of c-Myc-driven liver cancer. In contrast, when MFN1 was overexpressed in the liver, tumor formation was delayed. In vitro experiments showed that c-Myc transcriptionally upregulated the expression of DRP1 and decreased MFN1 expression through upregulation of miR-373-3p. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation significantly promoted aerobic glycolysis and the proliferation of HB cells by significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activating the RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that c-Myc-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation promotes the malignant transformation and progression of HB by activating ROS-mediated multi-oncogenic signaling.

Background: Nogo-66 antagonistic peptide (NEP1-40) offers the potential to improve spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: To explore the effect of NEP1-40 overexpression on neural stem cells (NSCs) regulating the axon regeneration of injured neurons. Methods: We isolated NSCs from brain tissues of pregnant rat fetuses and used Nestin immunofluorescence to identify them. The NEP1-40 overexpressing NSCs were constructed by transfection with the NEP1-40-overexpressing vector. The expression of NSCs differentiation associated markers, including Tuj-1, GFAP, Oligo2, and MBP, were detected by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. NeuN immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the number of neurons. And western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of LIMK1/2, cofilin, and MLC-2 and the protein levels of GAP-43, MAP-2, and APP. Results: The NEP1-40 overexpression promoted the expression level of Tuj-1, Oligo2, and MBP, and increased the number of Tuj-1, Oligo2, and MBP positive cells. NEP1-40-overexpressing NSCs (NEP-NSCs) improved NeuN positive cells of co-culture with injured neurons. And NEP-NSCs also increased the protein levels of axon regeneration indicators (GAP-43, MAP-2) and decreased APP protein level. In addition, the phosphorylation level of LIMK1/2, cofilin, and MLC-2 were markedly decreased in NEP-NSCs. Conclusion: NEP1-40 overexpression enhanced the ability of NSCs differentiation into neurons and promoted axon regeneration by inhibiting the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway. This study provides an alternative gene modified transplantation NSCs for the SCI treatment.

Background After ovarian tissue transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and free radicals cause follicle depletion and apoptosis. Therefore, the use of antioxidants to reduce the production of free radicals is an important method to address the consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Resveratrol is a natural active polyphenol compound with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, strong antioxidant and anti-free radical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether resveratrol could improve the effect of autologous ovarian transplantation after cryopreserve-thawn mouse ovarian tissue. Methods Whole-ovary vitrification and autotransplantation models were used to investigate the effects of resveratrol. Six-week-old female mice from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were subjected to vitrification. All ovaries were preserved in liquid nitrogen for 1 week before being thawed. After thawing, ovarian tissues were autotransplanted in the bilateral kidney capsules. Mice (n = 72) were randomly divided into four groups to determine the optimal concentration of resveratrol (experiment I). Treatments were given as follows: saline, 5 mg/kg resveratrol, 15 mg/kg resveratrol and 45 mg/kg resveratrol, which were administered orally for one week. Grafted ovaries were collected for analysis on days 3, 7, and 21 after transplantation. Ovarian follicle morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum FSH and E2 levels were measured to estimate the transplanted ovarian reserve and endocrine function. Other mice were randomly divided into two groups—saline and 45 mg/kg resveratrol to further evaluate the effect of resveratrol and explore the mechanisms underlying this effect (experiment II). Ovarian follicle apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting (MDA, SOD, NF-κB, IL-6 and SIRT1) were used to explore the mechanisms of resveratrol. Moreover, oocytes derived from autotransplanted ovaries at 21 days were cultured and fertilized in vitro. Results The proportions of morphologically normal (G1) follicles at 3, 7 and 21 days were significantly higher in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group than in the saline group. The TUNEL-stained follicles (%) at 7 days were significantly decreased in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group compared with the saline group. Western blot analysis revealed that SOD2 and SIRT1 levels were significantly higher in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group than in the saline group at day 7 and that MDA and NF-κB levels were lower in the saline group on day 3. Likewise, IL-6 was lower in the saline group on day 7. These results are basically consistent with the qRT-PCR results. In addition, the mean number of retrieved oocytes and fertilization and cleavage were significantly increased in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group compared with the saline group. Conclusions Administration of resveratrol could improve the quality of cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue after transplantation and the embryo outcome, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms.

BackgroundAfter ovarian tissue transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and free radicals cause follicle depletion and apoptosis. Therefore, the use of antioxidants to reduce the production of free radicals is an important method to address the consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Resveratrol is a natural active polyphenol compound with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, strong antioxidant and anti-free radical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether resveratrol could improve the effect of autologous ovarian transplantation after cryopreserve-thawn mouse ovarian tissue.MethodsWhole-ovary vitrification and autotransplantation models were used to investigate the effects of resveratrol. Six-week-old female mice from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were subjected to vitrification. All ovaries were preserved in liquid nitrogen for 1 week before being thawed. After thawing, ovarian tissues were autotransplanted in the bilateral kidney capsules. Mice (n=72) were randomly divided into four groups to determine the optimal concentration of resveratrol (experiment I). Treatments were given as follows: saline, 5 mg/kg resveratrol, 15 mg/kg resveratrol and 45 mg/kg resveratrol, which were administered orally for one week. Grafted ovaries were collected for analysis on days 3, 7, and 21 after transplantation. Ovarian follicle morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum FSH and E2 levels were measured to estimate the transplanted ovarian reserve and endocrine function. Other mice were randomly divided into two groups—saline and 45 mg/kg resveratrol to further evaluate the effect of resveratrol and explore the mechanisms underlying this effect (experiment II). Ovarian follicle apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting (MDA, SOD, NF-κB, IL-6 and SIRT1) were used to explore the mechanisms of resveratrol. Moreover, oocytes derived from autotransplanted ovaries at 21 days were cultured and fertilized in vitro. ResultsThe proportions of morphologically normal (G1) follicles at 3, 7 and 21 days were significantly higher in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group than in the saline group. The TUNEL-stained follicles (%) at 7 days were significantly decreased in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group compared with the saline group. Western blot analysis revealed that SOD2 and SIRT1 levels were significantly higher in the 45mg/kg resveratrol group than in the saline group at day 7 and that MDA and NF-κB levels were lower in the saline group on day 3. Likewise, IL-6 was lower in the saline group on day 7. These results are basically consistent with the qRT-PCR results. In addition, the mean number of retrieved oocytes and fertilization and cleavage were significantly increased in the 45 mg/kg resveratrol group compared with the saline group. ConclusionsAdministration of resveratrol could improve the quality of cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue after transplantation and the embryo outcome, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms.

Additional file 1: Figure S Representative images of mouse ovarian tissue grafts according to the duration of transplantation. The arrow indicate blood vessel.