20 results on '"Dalen, Wim"'
Search Results
2. Effective alcohol policies and lifetime abstinence: An analysis of the International Alcohol Control policy index
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Leung, June, primary, Casswell, Sally, additional, Parker, Karl, additional, Huckle, Taisia, additional, Romeo, Jose, additional, Graydon‐Guy, Thomas, additional, Byron, Karimu, additional, Callinan, Sarah, additional, Chaiyasong, Surasak, additional, Gordon, Ross, additional, Harker, Nadine, additional, MacKintosh, Anne Marie, additional, Meier, Petra, additional, Paraje, Guillermo, additional, Parry, Charles D., additional, Pham, Cuong, additional, Williams, Petal Petersen, additional, Randerson, Stephen, additional, Schelleman‐Offermans, Karen, additional, Sengee, Gantuya, additional, Torun, Perihan, additional, and van Dalen, Wim, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index
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Casswell, Sally, Huckle, Taisia, Parker, Karl, Romeo, Jose, Graydon-Guy, Thomas, Leung, June, Byron, Karimu, Callinan, Sarah, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Gordon, Ross, MacKintosh, Anne Marie, Meier, Petra, Paraje, Guillermo, Parry, Charles, Pham, Cuong, Petersen Williams, Petal, Randerson, Steve, Schelleman-Offermans, Karen, Sengee, Gantuya, Torun, Perihan, van Dalen, Wim, Harker, Nadine, Casswell, Sally, Huckle, Taisia, Parker, Karl, Romeo, Jose, Graydon-Guy, Thomas, Leung, June, Byron, Karimu, Callinan, Sarah, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Gordon, Ross, MacKintosh, Anne Marie, Meier, Petra, Paraje, Guillermo, Parry, Charles, Pham, Cuong, Petersen Williams, Petal, Randerson, Steve, Schelleman-Offermans, Karen, Sengee, Gantuya, Torun, Perihan, van Dalen, Wim, and Harker, Nadine
- Abstract
This study developed a measurement tool to assess stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impact of four key alcohol policy domains to create an alcohol policy index suitable for benchmarking alcohol policy and assessing change over time in middle- and high-income countries. It involved a collaboration between researchers in 12 diverse countries: New Zealand; Australia; England; Scotland; Netherlands; Vietnam; Thailand; South Africa; Turkey; Chile; Saint Kitts and Nevis and Mongolia. Data on the four most effective alcohol policy domains (availability, pricing policy, alcohol marketing, drink driving) were used to create an alcohol policy index based on their association with alcohol per capita consumption (APC) of commercial (recorded) alcohol. An innovation was the inclusion of measures of impact along with the stringency of the legislation or regulation. The resulting International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index showed a very high negative correlation (-0.91) with recorded APC. Greater affordability of alcohol, an impact measure taking into account prices paid and countries’ Gross Domestic Product, was predictive of higher APC (-0.80). Countries in which more modes of alcohol marketing are legally allowed and used had higher APC. Legislation on outlet density and drink driving predicted APC whereas trading hours did not. While stringency and impact measures varied between domains in terms of relationship with APC, overall, there was a strong correlation between impact and stringency (0.77). The IAC Policy Index, which includes measures of policy stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impacts in relation to four key policy areas, was found to be strongly associated with commercial alcohol consumed in a number of diverse country settings. It showed a larger relationship than previous indices that include more policy dimensions. The index provides a relatively simple tool for benchmarking and communication with policy makers to encourage a strong focus on uptake of these four mo
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- 2022
4. Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index
- Author
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Casswell, Sally, primary, Huckle, Taisia, additional, Parker, Karl, additional, Romeo, Jose, additional, Graydon-Guy, Thomas, additional, Leung, June, additional, Byron, Karimu, additional, Callinan, Sarah, additional, Chaiyasong, Surasak, additional, Gordon, Ross, additional, MacKintosh, Anne Marie, additional, Meier, Petra, additional, Paraje, Guillermo, additional, Parry, Charles D., additional, Pham, Cuong, additional, Petersen Williams, Petal, additional, Randerson, Steve, additional, Schelleman-Offermans, Karen, additional, Sengee, Gantuya, additional, Torun, Perihan, additional, van Dalen, Wim, additional, and Harker, Nadine, additional
- Published
- 2022
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5. Reducing Alcohol Use During Pregnancy Via Health Counseling by Midwives and Internet-Based Computer-Tailored Feedback: A Cluster Randomized Trial
- Author
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van der Wulp, Nickie Y, Hoving, Ciska, Eijmael, Kim, Candel, Math JJM, van Dalen, Wim, and De Vries, Hein
- Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundEffective interventions are needed to reduce neurobehavioral impairments in children due to maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. Currently, health-counseling interventions have shown inconsistent results to reduce prenatal alcohol use. Thus, more research using health counseling is needed to gain more knowledge about the effectiveness of this type of intervention on reducing alcohol use during pregnancy. An alternative and promising strategy is computer tailoring. However, to date, no study has shown the effectiveness of this intervention mode. ObjectiveThe aim was to test the effectiveness of health counseling and computer tailoring on stopping and reducing maternal alcohol use during pregnancy in a Dutch sample of pregnant women using alcohol. MethodsA total of 60 Dutch midwifery practices, randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions, recruited 135 health counseling, 116 computer tailoring, and 142 usual care respondents from February to September 2011. Health-counseling respondents received counseling from their midwife according to a health-counseling protocol, which consisted of 7 steps addressed in 3 feedback sessions. Computer-tailoring respondents received usual care from their midwife and 3 computer-tailored feedback letters via the Internet. Usual care respondents received routine alcohol care from their midwife. After 3 and 6 months, we assessed the effect of the interventions on alcohol use. ResultsMultilevel multiple logistic regression analyses showed that computer-tailoring respondents stopped using alcohol more often compared to usual care respondents 6 months after baseline (53/68, 78% vs 51/93, 55%; P=.04). Multilevel multiple linear regression analyses showed that computer-tailoring respondents (mean 0.35, SD 0.31 units per week) with average (P=.007) or lower (P
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- 2014
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6. Adolescent alcohol intoxication in the Dutch hospital Departments of Pediatrics
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van Hoof, Joris J., van der Lely, Nico, Pereira, Rob Rodrigues, and van Dalen, Wim E.
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Alcoholism -- Demographic aspects -- Research ,Pediatrics -- Research -- Health aspects ,Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Health aspects -- Research ,Teenagers -- Alcohol use -- Health aspects ,Youth -- Alcohol use -- Health aspects ,Drunkenness (Criminal law) -- Demographic aspects -- Health aspects -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the number and characteristics of adolescent alcohol intoxication cases in hospital Departments of Pediatrics. The study also analyzes drinking patterns and intoxication characteristics. Method: Data were collected using the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System, in which about 92% of general pediatricians and 83% of academic pediatricians participate. In 2007, questionnaires were collected every month within 56 hospitals. A total of 297 adolescent alcohol intoxications were reported, of which 231 cases were analyzed. Results: Hospital-admitted adolescents in this study are 12-18 years old, with an average age of 15.3 years. Intoxicated adolescents appear to be a representative sample of the Dutch population on all background variables (gender, educational level, family structure). Conclusions: This study shows the serious nature of adolescent intoxication and may indicate that more strict governmental alcohol control policies are required., ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A COMMON element in today s society. It is associated with positive effects, but it also results in many negative consequences. On the one hand, consuming alcohol [...]
- Published
- 2010
7. Picture Me Drinking: Alcohol-Related Posts by Instagram Influencers Popular Among Adolescents and Young Adults
- Author
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Hendriks, Hanneke, primary, Wilmsen, Danii, additional, van Dalen, Wim, additional, and Gebhardt, Winifred A., additional
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- 2020
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8. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication
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de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Elizabeth B, Theunissen, Eef L, Kuypers, Kim P C, Evers, Elisabeth A, Stiers, Peter, Toennes, Stefan W, Witteman, Jurriaan, van Dalen, Wim, Ramaekers, Johannes G, Section Psychopharmacology, RS: FPN NPPP II, Section Neuropsychology, and RS: FPN NPPP I
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cannabis ,DOPAMINE ,STRIATUM ,alcohol ,craving ,fmri ,IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST ,marketing ,cue-reactivity ,CUES ,ATTENTIONAL BIAS ,HEAD MOTION - Abstract
Drugs of abuse stimulate striatal dopamine release and activate reward pathways. This study examined the impact of alcohol and cannabis marketing on the reward circuit in alcohol and cannabis users while sober and intoxicated. It was predicted that alcohol and cannabis marketing would increase striatal activation when sober and that reward sensitivity would be less during alcohol and cannabis intoxication. Heavy alcohol (n = 20) and regular cannabis users (n = 21) participated in a mixed factorial study involving administration of alcohol and placebo in the alcohol group and cannabis and placebo in the cannabis group. Non-drug users (n = 20) served as between group reference. Brain activation after exposure to alcohol and cannabis marketing movies was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging and compared between groups while sober and compared with placebo while intoxicated. Implicit alcohol and cannabis cognitions were assessed by means of a single-category implicit association test. Alcohol and cannabis marketing significantly increased striatal BOLD activation across all groups while sober. Striatal activation however decreased during intoxication with alcohol and cannabis. Implicit associations with cannabis marketing cues were significantly more positive in alcohol and cannabis users as compared with non-drug using controls. Public advertising of alcohol or cannabis use elicits striatal activation in the brain's reward circuit. Reduction of marketing would reduce brain exposure to reward cues that motivate substance use. Conversely, elevated dopamine levels protect against the reinforcing potential of marketing.
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- 2017
9. European longitudinal study on the relationship between adolescents’ alcohol marketing exposure and alcohol use
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de Bruijn, Avalon, primary, Tanghe, Jacqueline, additional, de Leeuw, Rebecca, additional, Engels, Rutger, additional, Anderson, Peter, additional, Beccaria, Franca, additional, Bujalski, Michał, additional, Celata, Corrado, additional, Gosselt, Jordy, additional, Schreckenberg, Dirk, additional, Słodownik, Luiza, additional, Wothge, Jördis, additional, and van Dalen, Wim, additional
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- 2016
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10. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication
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de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Elizabeth B., primary, Theunissen, Eef L., additional, Kuypers, Kim P. C., additional, Evers, Elisabeth A., additional, Stiers, Peter, additional, Toennes, Stefan W., additional, Witteman, Jurriaan, additional, van Dalen, Wim, additional, and Ramaekers, Johannes G., additional
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- 2016
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11. Compliance with age limits for the sales of alcoholic beverages in Romania. Designing and evaluating a three year campaign
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van Hoof, Joris Jasper, Reijlink, Lian M.J., and van Dalen, Wim E.
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IR-81086 ,METIS-287233 - Abstract
The availability of alcohol in general is the most important predictor of alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse in adolescents. Alcohol availability can divided into economic (alcohol prices and discounts), physical (number of alcohol outlets, opening hours), legal (age limits on drinking and purchasing alcohol) and social availability (at home availability, parental behavior and parenting style). When protecting youth from alcohol use, the legal availability is the strongest instrument.Of course, when legislation states that alcohol is not allowed to be sold to people under a certain age, both on-premise (e.g., bars) and off-premise (e.g.,supermarkets) alcohol outlet personnel should be trained and enforced in complying with legal age limits. In order to explore baseline compliance to this legislation a mystery shopping study was conducted in a Romanian city. Under ages and trained students tried to buy alcohol in to explore to what extent alcohol sellers comply with this legal age limits. This compliance level turned out to be 0%. Within the alcohol project, therefore, it was decided to develop a campaign in which the importance of this age limit was communicated. After this campaign, again compliance was measured. Compliance was improved in the on-premise (bars) outlets only. Despite that the results on compliance with the age limit in practice were not strong directly after the campaign, both elements from that intervention and the research method can be used in other Romanian cities to improve and measure compliance with age limits on the sales of alcohol.
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- 2012
12. Alcoholintoxicaties bij jongeren in Nederland: een onderzoek bij kinderafdelingen in Nederlandse ziekenhuizen: Cijfers van 2007, 2008. 2009 en 2010
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van der Lely, Nico, van Dalen, Wim, van Hoof, Joris, and Rodrigues Pereira, Rob
- Abstract
Doel: Dit rapport is een weergave van het onderzoek naar het aantal gevallen van alcoholintoxicaties onder minderjarige jongeren in Nederlandse ziekenhuizen. Ook een aantal kenmerken van deze jongeren wordt beschreven. Het onderzoek richt zich daarnaast ook op het inventariseren van drinkpatronen en intoxicatie-eigenschappen. In dit rapport worden de resultaten van 2007, 2008, 2009 en 2010 gerapporteerd en met elkaar vergeleken. Methode van Onderzoek: De onderzoeksgegevens zijn verzameld middels het Nederlands Signaleringscentrum Kindergeneeskunde (NSCK) waarin 92% van de algemene kinderartsen en 83% van de academische kinderartsen participeren. Resultaten: In 2007 tot en met 2010 zijn in totaal 1818 jongeren met een alcohol-gerelateerd probleem door kinderartsen behandeld in een ziekenhuis. De opgenomen jongeren komen uit heel Nederland. Jongeren die met een alcohol-gerelateerd probleem in een ziekenhuis worden behandeld (er is dan bijna altijd spraken van een alcoholvergiftiging) zijn geen „probleemjongeren‟, maar zijn een afspiegeling van de gemiddelde Nederlandse jongeren. Het zijn even vaak (ongeveer) jongens als meisjes, in leeftijd variërend van 11 tot en met 17 jaar. Gemiddeld zijn ze iets ouder dan 15 jaar. Alcohol wordt meestal verkregen via vrienden; in een derde van de gevallen is dit gebeurd via een commerciële verstrekker (horeca, supermarkt, slijterij). Het alcoholpromillage van de opgenomen jongeren is gemiddeld 1,8‰. De meeste jongeren die in het ziekenhuis komen zijn buiten bewustzijn (zogenoemde „alcoholcoma‟), gemiddeld voor ongeveer 3 uur, oplopend tot gevallen van 48 uur. Ongeveer 10% van de jongeren wordt op de Intensive care behandeld, de overigen op een reguliere afdeling. Het is veelal noodzakelijk om 1 of meer dagen in het ziekenhuis te blijven. Bij ruim 85% van de jongeren wordt een infuus aangelegd. Conclusie: Het aantal jongeren dat met een alcoholintoxicatie of alcoholvergiftiging door een kinderarts in een ziekenhuis is behandeld stijgt nog steeds. In 2007 zijn er 297 intoxicaties gemeld, in 2008 waren dat er 337, in 2009 betrof het 500 kinderen en in 2010 is het aantal meldingen opnieuw gestegen tot 684. Dit een stijging van 37% t.o.v. 2009. Deze aantallen zijn een onderschatting van het werkelijke aantal alcoholintoxicaties bij jongeren omdat niet alle gevallen in het onderzoek worden betrokken. Jongeren die buiten het ziekenhuis door een huisarts worden behandeld of in het ziekenhuis door een reguliere arts worden niet meegeteld.
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- 2011
13. Adolescent Alcohol Intoxication in the Dutch Hospital Departments of Pediatrics: A 2-Year Comparison Study
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van Hoof, Joris J., Van Der Lely, Nico, Bouthoorn, Selma H., Van Dalen, Wim E., and Pereira, Rob R.
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- 2011
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14. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication.
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Sousa Fernandes Perna, Elizabeth B., Theunissen, Eef L., Kuypers, Kim P. C., Evers, Elisabeth A., Stiers, Peter, Toennes, Stefan W., Witteman, Jurriaan, Dalen, Wim, and Ramaekers, Johannes G.
- Subjects
MARIJUANA abuse ,BRAIN physiology ,ALCOHOLIC intoxication ,SERIOUSNESS (Attitude) ,PLACEBOS ,ALCOHOLIC beverages ,ALCOHOLISM ,BRAIN ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MARKETING ,REWARD (Psychology) ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PROMPTS (Psychology) - Abstract
Drugs of abuse stimulate striatal dopamine release and activate reward pathways. This study examined the impact of alcohol and cannabis marketing on the reward circuit in alcohol and cannabis users while sober and intoxicated. It was predicted that alcohol and cannabis marketing would increase striatal activation when sober and that reward sensitivity would be less during alcohol and cannabis intoxication. Heavy alcohol (n = 20) and regular cannabis users (n = 21) participated in a mixed factorial study involving administration of alcohol and placebo in the alcohol group and cannabis and placebo in the cannabis group. Non-drug users (n = 20) served as between group reference. Brain activation after exposure to alcohol and cannabis marketing movies was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging and compared between groups while sober and compared with placebo while intoxicated. Implicit alcohol and cannabis cognitions were assessed by means of a single-category implicit association test. Alcohol and cannabis marketing significantly increased striatal BOLD activation across all groups while sober. Striatal activation however decreased during intoxication with alcohol and cannabis. Implicit associations with cannabis marketing cues were significantly more positive in alcohol and cannabis users as compared with non-drug using controls. Public advertising of alcohol or cannabis use elicits striatal activation in the brain's reward circuit. Reduction of marketing would reduce brain exposure to reward cues that motivate substance use. Conversely, elevated dopamine levels protect against the reinforcing potential of marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. European longitudinal study on the relationship between adolescents' alcohol marketing exposure and alcohol use.
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Bruijn, Avalon, Tanghe, Jacqueline, Leeuw, Rebecca, Engels, Rutger, Anderson, Peter, Beccaria, Franca, Bujalski, Michał, Celata, Corrado, Gosselt, Jordy, Schreckenberg, Dirk, Słodownik, Luiza, Wothge, Jördis, and Dalen, Wim
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ALCOHOLIC beverage advertising ,ALCOHOLIC beverages -- Social aspects ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ALCOHOL drinking ,FACTOR analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MARKETING ,MEDICAL cooperation ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background and aims This is the first study to examine the effect of alcohol marketing exposure on adolescents' drinking in a cross-national context. The aim was to examine reciprocal processes between exposure to a wide range of alcohol marketing types and adolescent drinking, controlled for non-alcohol branded media exposure. Design Prospective observational study (11-12- and 14-17-month intervals), using a three-wave autoregressive cross-lagged model. Setting School-based sample in 181 state-funded schools in Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland. Participants A total of 9075 eligible respondents participated in the survey (mean age 14 years, 49.5% male. Measurements Adolescents reported their frequency of past-month drinking and binge drinking. Alcohol marketing exposure was measured by a latent variable with 13 items measuring exposure to online alcohol marketing, televised alcohol advertising, alcohol sport sponsorship, music event/festival sponsorship, ownership alcohol-branded promotional items, reception of free samples and exposure to price offers. Confounders were age, gender, education, country, internet use, exposure to non-alcohol sponsored football championships and television programmes without alcohol commercials. Findings The analyses showed one-directional long-term effects of alcohol marketing exposure on drinking (exposure T1 on drinking T2: β = 0.420 (0.058), P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.324-0.515; exposure T2 on drinking T3: β = 0.200 (0.044), P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.127-0.272; drinking T1 and drinking T2 on exposure: P > 0.05). Similar results were found in the binge drinking model (exposure T1 on binge T2: β = 0.409 (0.054), P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.320-0.499; exposure T2 on binge T3: β = 0.168 (0.050), P = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.086-0.250; binge T1 and binge T2 on exposure: P > 0.05). Conclusions There appears to be a one-way effect of alcohol marketing exposure on adolescents' alcohol use over time, which cannot be explained by either previous drinking or exposure to non-alcohol-branded marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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16. Alcohol outlets near schools in a midsize Romanian city. Prevalence and characteristics
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Van Hoof, Joris J., primary, Reijlink, Lian M.J., additional, and Van Dalen, Wim E., additional
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- 2010
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17. Alcohol Marketing and Young People: An Analysis of the Current Debate on Regulation
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Van Dalen, Wim E., primary and Kuunders, Monique M.A.P., additional
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- 2006
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18. Effective alcohol policies and lifetime abstinence: An analysis of the International Alcohol Control policy index.
- Author
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Leung J, Casswell S, Parker K, Huckle T, Romeo J, Graydon-Guy T, Byron K, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, Gordon R, Harker N, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Paraje G, Parry CD, Pham C, Williams PP, Randerson S, Schelleman-Offermans K, Sengee G, Torun P, and van Dalen W
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Marketing, Ethanol, Alcohol Drinking prevention & control, Public Policy
- Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol abstinence remains common among adults globally, although low and middle-income countries are experiencing declines in abstention. The effect of alcohol policies on lifetime abstinence is poorly understood. The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index was developed to benchmark and monitor the uptake of effective alcohol policies and has shown strong associations with alcohol per capita consumption and drinking patterns. Uniquely, the index incorporates both policy 'stringency' and 'impact', reflecting policy implementation and enforcement, across effective policies. Here we assessed the association of the IAC policy index with lifetime abstinence in a diverse sample of jurisdictions., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between the IAC policy index score, and its components, and lifetime abstinence among adults (15+ years) in 13 high and middle-income jurisdictions. We examined the correlations for each component of the index and stringency and impact separately., Results: Overall, the total IAC policy index scores were positively correlated with lifetime abstinence (r = 0.76), as were both the stringency (r = 0.62) and impact (r = 0.82) scores. Marketing restrictions showed higher correlations with lifetime abstinence than other policy domains (r = 0.80), including restrictions on physical availability, pricing policies and drink-driving prevention., Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings suggest that restricting alcohol marketing could be an important policy for the protection of alcohol abstention. The IAC policy index may be a useful tool to benchmark the performance of alcohol policy in supporting alcohol abstention in high and middle-income countries., (© 2022 The Authors. Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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19. [Ten years of alcohol intoxication among young people in The Netherlands].
- Author
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Nienhuis K, van Hoof JJ, van Dalen WE, and van der Lely N
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- Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands epidemiology, Young Adult, Alcoholic Intoxication epidemiology, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Underage Drinking statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: To provide insight into the number of adolescents admitted to hospital with alcohol intoxication in the period 2007-2016., Design: Observational cross-sectional study., Methods: We used data from the hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication among minors that had been reported to the Dutch Paediatric Surveillance System (NSCK). We also used data on minors who had been admitted to hospital for other alcohol-related reasons., Results: In the period 2007-2016, 4,674 minors were admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands with alcohol intoxication. The number of minors admitted with alcohol intoxication increased annually from 2007 to 2011, after which it became reasonably stable, with a peak in 2015. The average age at which a minor was admitted increased (2007: 14.9 years; 2016: 15.5 years), and this also applied to the duration of loss of consciousness (2007: 2.24 hours; 2016: 3.12 hours). Parents of young people admitted with alcohol intoxication have become markedly stricter; 69% had given permission for consumption of alcohol in 2011; in 2016 that had decreased to 19%., Conclusion: Raising the minimum age for obtaining low-alcohol drinks, the creation of better awareness of the consequences of alcohol use and the opening of the Outpatient Adolescents and Alcohol Clinics seem to have had an effect. The average age of young people with alcohol intoxication has increased and parents have become stricter, but binge-drinking is still a serious problem. Further research is needed into characteristics and treatment of the group of young people who end up in hospital.
- Published
- 2018
20. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication.
- Author
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de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KP, Evers EA, Stiers P, Toennes SW, Witteman J, van Dalen W, and Ramaekers JG
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcoholism physiopathology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Marijuana Abuse physiopathology, Reward, Young Adult, Alcoholic Beverages, Alcoholic Intoxication physiopathology, Brain physiopathology, Cannabis, Cues, Marketing
- Abstract
Drugs of abuse stimulate striatal dopamine release and activate reward pathways. This study examined the impact of alcohol and cannabis marketing on the reward circuit in alcohol and cannabis users while sober and intoxicated. It was predicted that alcohol and cannabis marketing would increase striatal activation when sober and that reward sensitivity would be less during alcohol and cannabis intoxication. Heavy alcohol (n = 20) and regular cannabis users (n = 21) participated in a mixed factorial study involving administration of alcohol and placebo in the alcohol group and cannabis and placebo in the cannabis group. Non-drug users (n = 20) served as between group reference. Brain activation after exposure to alcohol and cannabis marketing movies was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging and compared between groups while sober and compared with placebo while intoxicated. Implicit alcohol and cannabis cognitions were assessed by means of a single-category implicit association test. Alcohol and cannabis marketing significantly increased striatal BOLD activation across all groups while sober. Striatal activation however decreased during intoxication with alcohol and cannabis. Implicit associations with cannabis marketing cues were significantly more positive in alcohol and cannabis users as compared with non-drug using controls. Public advertising of alcohol or cannabis use elicits striatal activation in the brain's reward circuit. Reduction of marketing would reduce brain exposure to reward cues that motivate substance use. Conversely, elevated dopamine levels protect against the reinforcing potential of marketing., (© 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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