138 results on '"Dal Grande E"'
Search Results
2. Chronic breathlessness associated with poorer physical and mental health-related quality of life (SF-12) across all adult age groups
- Author
-
Currow, D C, Dal Grande, E, Ferreira, D, Johnson, M J, McCaffrey, N, and Ekström, M
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The biomedically assessed cumulative burden of chronic disease risk factors on health-related quality of life in an urban population
- Author
-
North West Adelaide Health (Cohort) Study Team, Dal Grande, E, Ruffin, R, Taylor, A, Adams, R, Appleton, S, Wilson, D, and Chittleborough, C
- Published
- 2004
4. Health service use by frail older people: Results from the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS): OR32
- Author
-
Dent, E, Dal Grande, E, Price, K, Kourbelis, C, and Taylor, A
- Published
- 2016
5. Health service utilisation associated with chronic breathlessness: random population sample.
- Author
-
Currow, DC, Chang, S, Ekström, M, Hutchinson, A, Luckett, T, Kochovska, S, Hay, P, Touyz, S, Dal Grande, E, Johnson, MJ, Currow, DC, Chang, S, Ekström, M, Hutchinson, A, Luckett, T, Kochovska, S, Hay, P, Touyz, S, Dal Grande, E, and Johnson, MJ
- Abstract
Background Most health service utilisation studies are of people with specific diagnoses or demographic characteristics, and rarely of specific chronic symptoms. The aim of this study was to establish whether population-level health service utilisation increases in people with chronic breathlessness. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the South Australian Health Omnibus Survey 2017, a multi-stage, clustered area, systematic sampling survey of adults where questions are administered face-to-face in respondents’ homes. Self-report of health service utilisation in the previous 3 months (medical consultations, emergency department, hospital admission), chronic breathlessness (severity, duration, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) breathlessness scale) and demographic data were used to predict self-reported health service utilisation. Results A total of 2898 people were included (49.0% male; median age 48.0 years (IQR 32.0–63.0); 64.1% educated beyond school; 55.4% in work; 73.5% had outpatient contact; 6.3% had a hospital admission in the previous 3 months). Chronic breathlessness (mMRC ≥1) was reported by 8.8% of respondents. In bivariable analyses, people with greater contact with health services were older, and a higher proportion were overweight/obese and had more severe chronic breathlessness. In multivariable analyses, chronic breathlessness and older age were positively associated with outpatient care and inpatient care, and people with chronic breathlessness were hospitalised for longer (incidence rate ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.4–4.5). Conclusion There is a significant association between worse chronic breathlessness and increased health service utilisation. There is a need for greater understanding of factors that initiate contact with health services.
- Published
- 2021
6. Impacts of major health conditions affecting the Australian sheepmeat value chain: a review
- Author
-
Dal Grande, E, primary, Caraguel, C, additional, Lee, SJ, additional, and Nielsen, TD, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Associations between School Readiness and Student Wellbeing: A Six-Year Follow Up Study
- Author
-
Gregory, T., primary, Dal Grande, E., additional, Brushe, M., additional, Engelhardt, D., additional, Luddy, S., additional, Guhn, M., additional, Gadermann, A., additional, Schonert-Reichl, K.A., additional, and Brinkman, S., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Changes in wine consumption are influenced most by health: results from a population survey of South Australians in 2013
- Author
-
Stockley CS, Taylor AW, Montgomerie A, and Dal Grande E
- Subjects
lcsh:TP500-660 ,alcohol ,changes ,food and beverages ,consumption ,wine ,lcsh:Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol - Abstract
Creina S Stockley,1 Anne W Taylor,2 Alicia Montgomerie,2 Eleonora Dal Grande2 1The Australian Wine Research Institute, 2Population Research & Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia Aims: Individuals change their wine consumption over their life course, and mean volume typically declines with increasing age. Research on the reasons individuals change their consumption has primarily focused on youth/the young, but not on older adults. This study’s aim was to ascertain changes in wine consumption over a 12-month period in Australians at different ages and what influenced these changes.Methods: As part of the Spring 2013 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, persons (n=2,908) aged 15 years and over who had most recently had a birthday in the selected household were interviewed in their home by trained interviewers. Of these, 48.9% were males and their mean age was 46.3 (standard deviation 18.9) years.Results: Regular, light–moderate wine consumers were generally stable in the amount of wine they drank over a 12 month period, particularly those aged 55 years and older. They generally cited health (48.0%) as a reason for decreasing their wine consumption. Those who usually consumed three to four standard drinks on days they drank wine were also more likely to give health (54.3%) as a reason for decreasing their consumption, as were heavy wine consumers (57.7%). The 25- to 34-year age-group was more likely to have decreased (36% vs 26%) their wine consumption in the last 12 months. The 15- to 24-year age-group was most likely to have increased (28% vs 10%) their wine consumption in the last 12 months. Health was most cited as the reason for decreasing this consumption, while family and friends were most cited as the reason for increasing this consumption.Conclusion: In this representative population of South Australians, the wine consumption of previously identified at-risk groups for both short- and long-term harms, ie, youth and older adults, as well as excessive and heavy drinkers, was most influenced by health, family and friends, and employment. Keywords: alcohol, wine, consumption, changes
- Published
- 2017
9. Clusters of alcohol abstainers and drinkers incorporating motives against drinking: a random survey of 18 to 34 year olds in four cities in four different continents
- Author
-
Taylor, AW, Bewick, BM, Ling, Q, Kirzhanova, VV, Alterwain, P, Dal Grande, E, Tucker, G, and Makanjuola, AB
- Subjects
perceptions ,motivations ,alcohol ,adolescent ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,survey ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,moscow ,montevideo ,ilorin ,wuhan - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this analysis was to identify alcohol consumption clusters for adolescents and early adults according to attitudes to drinking, motivations against drinking and perceptions associated with alcohol. Method: Interviews were undertaken with people aged 18–34 years old living in four cities in different regions of the world. Multistage random sampling was consistent across the four cities (Ilorin (Nigeria), Wuhan (China), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Moscow (Russia)). The questionnaire was forward and back translated into relevant languages and face-to-face interviewing undertaken. The data were weighted to the population of each city. In total 6235 structured interviews were undertaken (1391 in Ilorin, 1600 in Montevideo, 1604 in Moscow and 1640 in Wuhan). Questions regarding motivation against alcohol consumption (14 items), assessing perceptions (3 items) and attitudes to drinking in certain situations (8 items) were asked of all respondents including abstainers. Factor analysis was initially undertaken to identify highly related correlated variables. Results: Cluster analysis provided a variety of clusters (Ilorin (3 clusters), Montevideo (5), Moscow (4) and Wuhan (4)). At least one cluster in each city was dominated by abstainers and another by heavy episodic drinkers. Variations by city and alcohol consumption patterns existed in regards to variables included. Conclusion: This analysis detailed the city specific motivations against drinking alcohol, and the attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Differences highlight the influence of country/city specific culture, customs, laws, societal norms and traditions.
- Published
- 2019
10. Psychological factors and asthma quality of life: a population based study
- Author
-
Adams, R J, Wilson, D H, Taylor, A W, Daly, A, d’Espaignet, E Tursan, Dal Grande, E, and Ruffin, R E
- Published
- 2004
11. Underdiagnosed asthma in South Australia
- Author
-
Adams, R J, Wilson, D H, Appleton, S, Taylor, A, Dal Grande, E, Chittleborough, C R, and Ruffin, R E
- Published
- 2003
12. Surveillance of Population Health Issues Using Time Series Analysis
- Author
-
Bratkovic, L, Dal Grande, E, Gill, T, and Taylor, A
- Published
- 2006
13. Impacts of major health conditions affecting the Australian sheepmeat value chain: a review.
- Author
-
Dal Grande, E, Caraguel, C, Lee, SJ, and Nielsen, TD
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC literature , *VALUE chains , *GOVERNMENT websites , *HEALTH of sheep , *RIB fractures , *MANUFACTURING processes , *SHEEP diseases - Abstract
Major health conditions in sheep contribute to substantial economic losses throughout the sheepmeat supply chain in Australia. A systematic review was undertaken to explore the measurable impact of six conditions: arthritis, sheep measles, pleurisy, pneumonia, grass seeds and rib fractures, on the production of lamb and mutton across the meat value chain. Peer‐reviewed scientific literature from three databases and non‐peer‐reviewed articles and reports from Australian government and non‐government websites were searched between 11 and 17 November 2019. Original articles, including studies conducted in Australia and New Zealand, that had measurable impacts on conditions of interest were included. The search yielded 16 articles and reports and were classified as producer impact and/or processor impact studies. Mortalities were quantified for pneumonia and arthritis, with pneumonia having the highest impact for producers. Grass seed infestation resulted in the highest impact on carcase and liveweight losses compared to arthritis and pneumonia. Arthritis had the highest trim weight losses for both lamb and mutton and the highest rate of carcase condemnation. Grass seed was the only condition where other impacts on the processor (chain speed and staff relocation to the boning room) were quantified. Although quantifiable production and processing losses were available for some conditions, this review has highlighted that limited quantifiable data based on scientifically sound research were not available for other conditions. The evidence for some conditions found in this review can be used to target future research activities and to further assist producers in making informed management decisions on prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The independent association of overweight and obesity with breathlessness in adults: a cross-sectional, population-based study
- Author
-
Currow, DC, Dal Grande, E, Sidhu, C, Ekström, M, and Johnson, MJ
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Respiratory System ,Australia ,Walk Test ,Middle Aged ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Body Mass Index ,Dyspnea ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Cluster Analysis ,Female ,Obesity ,Independent Living ,Life Style ,Physical Conditioning, Human - Published
- 2017
15. Chronic breathlessness associated with poorer physical and mental health-related quality of life (SF-12) across all adult age groups
- Author
-
Currow, DC, Dal Grande, E, Ferreira, D, Johnson, MJ, McCaffrey, N, and Ekström, M
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychometrics ,Health Status ,Respiratory System ,Middle Aged ,Severity of Illness Index ,Dyspnea ,Mental Health ,Chronic Disease ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
© 2017 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. Little is known about the impact of chronic breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score ≥2 for most days, at least three of the last six months) on health-related quality of life (Short Form-12 (SF-12)). 3005 adults from randomly selected households were interviewed face-to-face in South Australia. mMRC ≥2 community prevalence was 2.9%. Adjusted analyses showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant decrements of physical and mental components of SF-12 (mean SF-12 summary scores in physical (-13.0 (-16.0 to -10.2)) and mental (-10.7 (-13.7 to -7.8)) components compared with people with mMRC=0) as chronic breathlessness severity increased, across five age groupings.
- Published
- 2017
16. Chronic breathlessness associated with poorer physical and mental health-related quality of life (SF-12) across all adult age groups
- Author
-
Currow, D. C., Dal Grande, E., Ferreira, D., Johnson, M. J., McCaffrey, N., Ekström, M., Currow, D. C., Dal Grande, E., Ferreira, D., Johnson, M. J., McCaffrey, N., and Ekström, M.
- Abstract
Little is known about the impact of chronic breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score >/=2 for most days, at least three of the last six months) on health-related quality of life (Short Form-12 (SF-12)). 3005 adults from randomly selected households were interviewed face-to-face in South Australia. mMRC >/=2 community prevalence was 2.9%. Adjusted analyses showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant decrements of physical and mental components of SF-12 (mean SF-12 summary scores in physical (-13.0 (-16.0 to -10.2)) and mental (-10.7 (-13.7 to -7.8)) components compared with people with mMRC=0) as chronic breathlessness severity increased, across five age groupings.
- Published
- 2017
17. Chronic breathlessness associated with poorer physical and mental health-related quality of life (SF-12) across all adult age groups
- Author
-
[Unknown], Currow, D. C., Dal Grande, E., Ferreira, D., Johnson, M. J., McCaffrey, N., Ekström, M., [Unknown], Currow, D. C., Dal Grande, E., Ferreira, D., Johnson, M. J., McCaffrey, N., and Ekström, M.
- Published
- 2017
18. Two colliding epidemics - obesity is independently associated with chronic pain interfering with activities of daily living in adults 18 years and over; a cross-sectional, population-based study
- Author
-
Allen, SA, Dal Grande, E, Abernethy, AP, and Currow, DC
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Logistic Models ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Activities of Daily Living ,South Australia ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Educational Status ,Female ,Public Health ,Obesity ,Chronic Pain ,Epidemics ,Aged - Abstract
© 2016 The Author(s). Background: Chronic pain interfering with activities of daily living is highly prevalent in the community. More than 600 million people worldwide are obese. The aim of this paper is to assess if such chronic pain is associated independently with obesity across the adult population, having controlled for other key factors. Methods: The South Australian Health Omnibus is an annual, population-based, cross-sectional study. Data on 2616 participants were analysed for episodes of daily pain for three of the preceding six months. Obesity was derived from self-reported height and weight. Multivariable logistic regression analysed the associations between chronic pain interfering with activities of daily living, body mass index (BMI) and key socio-demographic factors. Results: Chronic pain interfering with activities of daily living peaks in people ≥75 years of age while obesity peaks in the 45-54 age group. Pain and obesity together peak in the 55-74 year age group. In the adjusted multinominal logistic regression model, compared to those with no pain, there was a strong association between obesity and pain that interfered moderately or extremely with day-to-day activities (OR 2.25; 95 % CI 1.57-3.23; p < 0.001) having controlled for respondents’ age, gender, rurality, country of birth and highest educational attainment. People over 65 years of age and those with lower educational levels were more likely to experience such chronic pain related to obesity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a strong association between chronic pain and obesity/morbid obesity in the South Australian population. Prospective, longitudinal data are needed to understand the dynamic interaction between these two prevalent conditions.
- Published
- 2016
19. Population levels of wellbeing and the association with social capital
- Author
-
Taylor, A. W., primary, Kelly, G., additional, Dal Grande, E., additional, Kelly, D., additional, Marin, T., additional, Hey, N., additional, Burke, K. J., additional, and Licinio, J., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Who provides care for people dying of cancer? A comparison of a rural and metropolitan cohort in a South Australian bereaved population study
- Author
-
Burns, CM, Dal Grande, E, Tieman, J, Abernethy, AP, and Currow, DC
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Rural Population ,Male ,Urban Population ,Palliative Care ,Middle Aged ,Interviews as Topic ,Caregivers ,Neoplasms ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,South Australia ,Humans ,Terminally Ill ,Female ,Bereavement ,Aged - Abstract
© 2015 National Rural Health Alliance Inc. Objective: To examine and compare urban and rural palliative care service availability and patterns of care from randomised, population-based surveys of caregivers of people at the end of life. Design, Setting & Participants: Survey responses on the death of 'someone close' from 23,588 interviews of South Australians conducted between 2001 and 2007 are analysed. Interventions: A randomised population survey. Main Outcome Measures: Explored palliative care service availability, caregiving provided, and characteristics of the deceased and their caregivers. Results: There was no difference in reported rates of accessing specialist palliative care services between rural and urban respondents (in unadjusted and adjusted analyses) nor did the proportion of people for whom cancer was their life-limiting illness. There was greater reliance on friends than first degree relatives in hands-on care provided at the end of life in rural settings. The rates of reported need for more support did not differ between urban and rural respondents for caregivers of people at the end of life. Conclusion: Use of palliative care services was similar for rural and urban caregivers for someone close at the end of life with similar levels of met and unmet needs.
- Published
- 2014
21. A population-based cross-sectional study that defined normative population data for the life-space mobility assessment-composite score
- Author
-
Phillips, J, Dal Grande, E, Ritchie, C, Abernethy, AP, and Currow, DC
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Australia ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Age Distribution ,Anesthesiology ,Reference Values ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Activities of Daily Living ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Female ,Sex Distribution ,Mobility Limitation ,Aged - Abstract
© 2015 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Context Mobility is linked to health status and quality of life. Life-Space Mobility Assessment (LSMA; range 0-120) measures the spatial extent of people's excursion and physical support needs over the preceding month. Objectives The aim of this study was to generate normative population data for an LSMA-Composite (LSMA-C) score, irrespective of age or health service contact and explore the LSM of people with diabetes, current asthma, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Methods LSMA questions were included in the 2011 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, a multistage, systematic, and clustered sample of household face-to-face interviews. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were explored in relation to LSMA scores using descriptive, univariable, and multivariable analyses and receiver operator curves. Results For the 3032 respondents, the mean LSMA score was 98.3 (SD 20.3; median 100; interquartile range 34 [86-120]; range 6-120). Five percent of respondents scored 2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). The receiver operator curve demonstrated a highly specific but relatively insensitive measure. Conclusion Having controlled for known confounders, the male/female difference cannot be easily explained. These data will help to contextualize studies in the future that use the LSMA-C score.
- Published
- 2014
22. Feeling angry about current health status: using a population survey to determine the association with demographic, health and social factors
- Author
-
Gill, Tiffany K., primary, Price, K., additional, Dal Grande, E., additional, Daly, A., additional, and Taylor, A. W., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Who provides care for people dying of cancer? A comparison of a rural and metropolitan cohort in a South Australian bereaved population study
- Author
-
Burns, CM, Dal Grande, E, Tieman, J, Abernethy, AP, Currow, DC, Burns, CM, Dal Grande, E, Tieman, J, Abernethy, AP, and Currow, DC
- Abstract
© 2015 National Rural Health Alliance Inc. Objective: To examine and compare urban and rural palliative care service availability and patterns of care from randomised, population-based surveys of caregivers of people at the end of life. Design, Setting & Participants: Survey responses on the death of 'someone close' from 23,588 interviews of South Australians conducted between 2001 and 2007 are analysed. Interventions: A randomised population survey. Main Outcome Measures: Explored palliative care service availability, caregiving provided, and characteristics of the deceased and their caregivers. Results: There was no difference in reported rates of accessing specialist palliative care services between rural and urban respondents (in unadjusted and adjusted analyses) nor did the proportion of people for whom cancer was their life-limiting illness. There was greater reliance on friends than first degree relatives in hands-on care provided at the end of life in rural settings. The rates of reported need for more support did not differ between urban and rural respondents for caregivers of people at the end of life. Conclusion: Use of palliative care services was similar for rural and urban caregivers for someone close at the end of life with similar levels of met and unmet needs.
- Published
- 2015
24. A population-based cross-sectional study that defined normative population data for the life-space mobility assessment-composite score
- Author
-
Phillips, J, Dal Grande, E, Ritchie, C, Abernethy, AP, Currow, DC, Phillips, J, Dal Grande, E, Ritchie, C, Abernethy, AP, and Currow, DC
- Abstract
© 2015 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Context Mobility is linked to health status and quality of life. Life-Space Mobility Assessment (LSMA; range 0-120) measures the spatial extent of people's excursion and physical support needs over the preceding month. Objectives The aim of this study was to generate normative population data for an LSMA-Composite (LSMA-C) score, irrespective of age or health service contact and explore the LSM of people with diabetes, current asthma, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Methods LSMA questions were included in the 2011 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, a multistage, systematic, and clustered sample of household face-to-face interviews. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were explored in relation to LSMA scores using descriptive, univariable, and multivariable analyses and receiver operator curves. Results For the 3032 respondents, the mean LSMA score was 98.3 (SD 20.3; median 100; interquartile range 34 [86-120]; range 6-120). Five percent of respondents scored <60, 11% scored between <60 and 79, 27% scored between <80 and 99, and the remainder scored between 100 and 120. After 55 years of age, LSMA-C scores declined, more so in females. In multivariable analysis, declining scores were associated with being female, being older, living in rural areas, lower educational attainment, not working, lower household income, and higher numbers of chronic conditions (R2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). The receiver operator curve demonstrated a highly specific but relatively insensitive measure. Conclusion Having controlled for known confounders, the male/female difference cannot be easily explained. These data will help to contextualize studies in the future that use the LSMA-C score.
- Published
- 2015
25. Uncovering an invisible network of direct caregivers at the end of life: A population study
- Author
-
Burns, CM, Abernethy, AP, Dal Grande, E, Currow, DC, Burns, CM, Abernethy, AP, Dal Grande, E, and Currow, DC
- Abstract
Background: Most palliative care research about caregivers relies on reports from spouses or adult children. Some recent clinical reports have noted the assistance provided by other family members and friends. Aim: This population study aims to define the people who actually provide care at the end of life. Setting/participants: A South Australian study conducted an annual randomized health population survey (n=23,706) over a 7 year period. A sample was obtained of self-identifying people who had someone close to them die and 'expected' death in the last 5 years (n=7915). Data were standardised to population norms for gender, 10-year age group, socioeconomic status, and region of residence. Results: People of all ages indicated they provided 'hands on' care at the end of life. Extended family members (not first degree relatives) and friends accounted for more than half (n=1133/2028; 55.9%) of identified hands-on caregivers. These people came from the entire age range of the adult community. The period of time for which care was provided was shorter for this group of caregivers. People with extended family or friends providing care, were much more likely to be supported to die at home compared to having a spousal carer. Conclusion: This substantial network of caregivers who are mainly invisible to the health team provide the majority of care. Hospice and palliative care services need to create specific ways of identifying and engaging this cohort in order to ensure they are receiving adequate support in the role. Relying on 'next-of-kin' status in research will not identify them. © The Author(s) 2013.
- Published
- 2013
26. The Australian Food and Trust Survey: Demographic indicators associated with food safety and quality concerns
- Author
-
Taylor, A.W., primary, Coveney, J., additional, Ward, P.R., additional, Dal Grande, E., additional, Mamerow, L., additional, Henderson, J., additional, and Meyer, S.B., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Coexistent chronic conditions and asthma quality of life: a population-based study.
- Author
-
Adams RJ, Wilson DH, Taylor AW, Daly A, Tursan d'Espaignet E, Dal Grande E, Ruffin RE, Adams, Robert J, Wilson, David H, Taylor, Anne W, Daly, Alison, Tursan d'Espaignet, Edouard, Dal Grande, Eleonora, and Ruffin, Richard E
- Abstract
Objective: Reports of the prevalence and impact of comorbid conditions among people with asthma have been limited to certain population groups or convenience samples. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of major comorbidity in asthma and associations with quality of life and functional status in the general population.Study Design/setting: The WANTS Health and Well-being Survey is a cross-sectional representative population household telephone interview survey in three Australian states.Participants: Representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults in three Australian states.Measurement and Results: From the available sample of 10,080 patients, 7,619 interviews were completed (participation rate, 74.8%), with 834 people reporting current doctor-diagnosed asthma (11.2%). People with asthma were more likely to report one of the selected comorbid conditions: diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, stroke, cancer, osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.2). Among people with asthma, there were statistically and clinically significant decreases in usual activity levels and in Short Form-12 physical component summary scores when another chronic condition was also present. For those with any of the chronic conditions, the additional presence of asthma was associated with significant further impairment in quality of life in those aged > 35 years but not in younger adults.Conclusion: The significant reduction in quality of life associated with comorbidity in asthma has implications for disease management and organization of care, as well as for the design and external validity of single-disease clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Population comparison of two clinical approaches to the metabolic syndrome: implications of the new International Diabetes Federation consensus definition.
- Author
-
Adams RJ, Appleton S, Wilson DH, Taylor AW, Dal Grande E, Chittleborough C, Gill T, Ruffin R, Adams, Robert J, Appleton, Sarah, Wilson, David H, Taylor, Anne W, Dal Grande, Eleonora, Chittleborough, Catherine, Gill, Tiffany, and Ruffin, Richard
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Changes in mental health literacy about depression: South Australia, 1998 to 2004
- Author
-
Goldney, R. D., Fischer, L. J., Dal Grande, E., and Anne Taylor
30. Reliability of self-reported health risk factors and chronic conditions questions collected using the telephone in South Australia, Australia
- Author
-
Dal Grande Eleonora, Fullerton Simon, and Taylor Anne W
- Subjects
Reliability ,Telephone survey ,CATI ,Health risk Factors ,Chronic conditions ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Accurate monitoring of health conditions and behaviours, and health service usage in the population, using an effective and economical method is important for planning and evaluation. This study examines the reliability of questions asked in a telephone survey by conducting a test/retest analysis of a range of questions covering demographic variables, health risk factors and self-reported chronic conditions among people aged 16 years and over. Methods A Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) survey on health issues of South Australians was re-administered to a random sub-sample of 154 respondents between 13-35 days (mean 17) after the original survey. Reliability between questions was assessed using Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Demographic questions (age, gender, number of adults and children in the household, country of birth) showed extremely high reliability (0.97 to 1.00). Health service use (ICC = 0.90 95% CI 0.86-0.93) and overall health status (Kappa = 0.60 95% CI 0.46-0.75) displayed moderate agreement. Questions relating to self-reported risk factors such as smoking (Kappa = 0.81 95% CI 0.72-0.89) and alcohol drinking (ICC 0.75 = 95% CI 0.63-0.83) behaviour showed good to excellent agreement, while questions relating to self-reported risk factors such as time spent walking for physical activity (ICC 0.47 = 95% CI 0.27-0.61), fruit (Kappaw = 0.60 95% CI 0.45-0.76) and vegetable consumption (Kappaw = 0.50 95% CI 0.32-0.69) showed only moderate agreement. Self-reported chronic conditions displayed substantial to almost perfect agreement (0.72 to 1.00) with the exception of moderate agreement for heart disease (Kappa = 0.82 95% CI 0.57-0.99). Conclusion These results show the questions assessed to be reliable in South Australia for estimating health conditions and monitoring health related behaviours using a CATI survey.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Mental ill-health across the continuum of body mass index
- Author
-
Dal Grande Eleonora, Daniel Mark, Kelly Shona J, and Taylor Anne
- Subjects
BMI ,non-linear associations ,underweight ,mental health ,health behaviours ,obese ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Several studies have found a non-linear relationship between mental ill-health and BMI with higher rates in both the underweight and the obese. This study evaluated the shape of the relationship between BMI and distress, suicidal ideation and self-reported mental ill-health conditions in a large population sample. Methods Data were drawn from the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) for the years 2002 to 2009 (n = 46,704). SAMSS monitors population trends in state and national risk factors and chronic diseases. Samples are drawn from all households with a functioning number in the Australian White Pages. Computer assisted telephone interviews collected information on self-reported height and weight, demographic and health behaviours. Respondents completed the Kessler Distress and suicidal ideation scales and reported specific mental ill-health conditions. BMI was categorized into deciles to allow for assessment of the shape of any associations with other variables. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between each mental ill-health condition and BMI-decile controlling for age in the base model. This was followed by a full model that added SES and the health-adverse coping behaviours of smoking, alcohol and physical activity to test for changes from the base model. Results Non-linear associations were observed between BMI-decile and mental ill-health but statistically significantly greater odds of mental ill-health were observed only in the obese and not in the underweight after controlling for age, health-adverse behaviours and socioeconomic status. The association between BMI and mental ill-health might best be described as 'threshold'. Elevated odds were apparent for middle-aged persons, whereas younger and older individuals had a significantly lower odds of having a mental ill-health condition. Conclusions In conclusion, this study has provided no support for the hypothesis of increased mental ill-health problems in the underweight but it has demonstrated the non-linear relationships between BMI and mental ill-health and between BMI and health-adverse behaviours. Non-linear relationships with BMI need to be recognized and addressed during analysis.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Methodological issues associated with collecting sensitive information over the telephone - experience from an Australian non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prevalence study
- Author
-
Fullerton Simon, Swannell Sarah, Dal Grande Eleonora, Martin Graham, Taylor Anne W, Hazell Philip, and Harrison James E
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Collecting population data on sensitive issues such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is problematic. Case note audits or hospital/clinic based presentations only record severe cases and do not distinguish between suicidal and non-suicidal intent. Community surveys have largely been limited to school and university students, resulting in little much needed population-based data on NSSI. Collecting these data via a large scale population survey presents challenges to survey methodologists. This paper addresses the methodological issues associated with collecting this type of data via CATI. Methods An Australia-wide population survey was funded by the Australian Government to determine prevalence estimates of NSSI and associations, predictors, relationships to suicide attempts and suicide ideation, and outcomes. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) on a random sample of the Australian population aged 10+ years of age from randomly selected households, was undertaken. Results Overall, from 31,216 eligible households, 12,006 interviews were undertaken (response rate 38.5%). The 4-week prevalence of NSSI was 1.1% (95% ci 0.9-1.3%) and lifetime prevalence was 8.1% (95% ci 7.6-8.6). Methodological concerns and challenges in regard to collection of these data included extensive interviewer training and post interview counselling. Ethical considerations, especially with children as young as 10 years of age being asked sensitive questions, were addressed prior to data collection. The solution required a large amount of information to be sent to each selected household prior to the telephone interview which contributed to a lower than expected response rate. Non-coverage error caused by the population of interest being highly mobile, homeless or institutionalised was also a suspected issue in this low prevalence condition. In many circumstances the numbers missing from the sampling frame are small enough to not cause worry, especially when compared with the population as a whole, but within the population of interest to us, we believe that the most likely direction of bias is towards an underestimation of our prevalence estimates. Conclusion Collecting valid and reliable data is a paramount concern of health researchers and survey research methodologists. The challenge is to design cost-effective studies especially those associated with low-prevalence issues, and to balance time and convenience against validity, reliability, sampling, coverage, non-response and measurement error issues.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Associations between School Readiness and Student Wellbeing: A Six-Year Follow Up Study
- Author
-
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, E. Dal Grande, David Engelhardt, Tess Gregory, Martin Guhn, Mary Brushe, Samuel Luddy, Anne M. Gadermann, Sally Brinkman, Gregory, T, Dal Grande, E, Brushe, M, Engelhardt, D, Luddy, S, Guhn, M, Gadermann, A, Schonert-Reichl, KA, and Brinkman, S
- Subjects
child development ,Early childhood education ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Social work ,social and emotional wellbeing ,4. Education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,life satisfaction .optimism ,05 social sciences ,Life satisfaction ,050109 social psychology ,Academic achievement ,Child development ,Developmental psychology ,Sadness ,internalising behaviour ,Optimism ,subjective wellbeing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive skill ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
It is well established that children’s school readiness is associated with their later academic achievement, but less is known about whether school readiness is also associated with other measures of school success, such as students’ social and emotional wellbeing. While some previous research has shown a link between early social and emotional development and student wellbeing, results are mixed and the strength of these relationships vary depending on whether data is based on child, teachers or parents ratings and which specific student wellbeing outcomes are measured. The present study explored the association between teacher-rated school readiness (Mage = 5.6 years) across five developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, language and cognitive, and communication and general knowledge) and four aspects of student wellbeing (life satisfaction, optimism, sadness and worries) in Grade 6 (Mage = 11.9 years) in a sample of 3906 Australian children. After adjustment for background child and family-level factors, children’s early physical, social and emotional development were associated with all four wellbeing outcomes in Grade 6, but early language and cognitive skills and communication and general knowledge skills were only associated with internalising behaviours (sadness and worries). Mechanisms through which these different aspects of development might influence later wellbeing are discussed, as well as ways that schools and governments can support students’ social and emotional wellbeing.
- Published
- 2020
34. Comparison of health and risk factors of older, working-age Australians, Italians and Italian-born migrants to Australia, with data from an Italian (PASSI), and an Australian (SAMSS) risk factor surveillance system
- Author
-
Stefano Campostrini, Alicia Montgomerie, Anne W. Taylor, L. Battisti, Helen Barrie, Constance Kourbelis, E. Dal Grande, P Fateh-Moghadam, Taylor, AW, Dal Grande, E, Fateh-Moghadam, P, Montgomerie, A, Battisti, L, Barrie, H, Kourbelis, C, and Campostrini, S
- Subjects
Male ,Epidemiology ,Health Status ,Overweight ,migration ,Body Mass Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,risk factors ,Settore SECS-S/05 - Statistica Sociale ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Working age ,Migration ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,High rate ,Surveillance ,Australia ,Italy ,Risk factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,Cultural barriers ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,surveillance ,Female ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Population ageing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Risk factor ,Exercise ,Aged ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health Surveys ,Diet ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Socioeconomic Factors ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Italian-born migrants (post-WWII) are the largest non-English-speaking background migrant group in South Australia. A cross-sectional, inter-country comparison using independent samples (40-69years of age) from two (one in Australia, one in Italy) similar risk factor and chronic disease surveillance systems. None of the three groups (Italians, Australian-born and Italian-born Australians) had definitively worse health although the Italians had high rates for four of the seven risk factors reported (current high blood pressure, current high cholesterol, current smoking, eating less than five fruit and/or vegetables per day) than Australian-born and Italian-born Australians. Italian-born Australians had higher rates for insufficient physical activity, overweight/obese, poor self-reported health and diabetes. Australian respondents were more likely to report having two or more drinks of alcohol per day. Issues facing an ageing population require appropriate health care needs and an assessment of structural or cultural barriers to health services. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2018
35. Feeling angry about current health status: using a population survey to determine the association with demographic, health and social factors
- Author
-
Anne W. Taylor, Alison Daly, Tiffany K. Gill, E. Dal Grande, Kay Price, Gill, Tiffany K, Price, K, Dal, Grande E, Daly, A, and Taylor, AW
- Subjects
Male ,Chronic conditions ,Chronic condition ,Health Status ,Anger ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,0302 clinical medicine ,psychological distress ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,Prevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,population study ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Middle Aged ,Demographics ,Female ,Attitude to Health ,Population study ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Psychological distress ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,demographics ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,education ,Aged ,business.industry ,Public health ,anger ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Support ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,chronic conditions ,030227 psychiatry ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Chronic Disease ,Quality of Life ,business ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
Background: Feeling angry about their health status may influence disease progression in individuals, creating a greater burden on the health care system. Identifying associations between different variables and feeling angry about health status may assist health professionals to improve health outcomes. This study used path analysis to explore findings from a population-based survey, informed by qualitative descriptions obtained from focus groups,to determine the prevalence of health-related anger within the community and variables associated with reporting health-related anger. Methods: A population-based Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) survey of 3003 randomly selected adults Australia-wide was conducted to examine the prevalence of health-related anger. A wide range of other covariates were included in the survey. Multivariable logistic regression and path analysis were undertaken to identify the relationships between different variables associated with feeling angry about the health status of people, to explore the direction of these associations and as a consequence of the results, consider implications for health service use and delivery. Results: Overall, 18.5 % of the population reported feeling angry about their health “some of the time”, “most of the time” or “all of the time”. People who felt angry about their health were more likely to have a severe health condition, at least one chronic condition, high psychological distress, fair to poor health status, and needed to adjust their daily lives because of a health condition. Having a tertiary level education was protective. Receiving some form of social support, usually from a support group, and not always doing as advised by a doctor, were also associated with a higher likelihood of being angry about their health. Conclusions: People living with significant health problems are more likely to feel angry about their health. The path between illness and anger is, however, complex. Further research is needed to understand the extent that feeling angry influences the progression of health problems and, if necessary, how to minimise this progression.What also needs examining is whether identifying people who feel angry in the general population could be a predictor of persons most likely to develop significant health problems. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2016
36. Health service utilisation associated with chronic breathlessness: random population sample.
- Author
-
Currow DC, Chang S, Ekström M, Hutchinson A, Luckett T, Kochovska S, Hay P, Touyz S, Dal Grande E, and Johnson MJ
- Abstract
Background: Most health service utilisation studies are of people with specific diagnoses or demographic characteristics, and rarely of specific chronic symptoms. The aim of this study was to establish whether population-level health service utilisation increases in people with chronic breathlessness., Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the South Australian Health Omnibus Survey 2017, a multi-stage, clustered area, systematic sampling survey of adults where questions are administered face-to-face in respondents' homes. Self-report of health service utilisation in the previous 3 months (medical consultations, emergency department, hospital admission), chronic breathlessness (severity, duration, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) breathlessness scale) and demographic data were used to predict self-reported health service utilisation., Results: A total of 2898 people were included (49.0% male; median age 48.0 years (IQR 32.0-63.0); 64.1% educated beyond school; 55.4% in work; 73.5% had outpatient contact; 6.3% had a hospital admission in the previous 3 months). Chronic breathlessness (mMRC ≥1) was reported by 8.8% of respondents. In bivariable analyses, people with greater contact with health services were older, and a higher proportion were overweight/obese and had more severe chronic breathlessness. In multivariable analyses, chronic breathlessness and older age were positively associated with outpatient care and inpatient care, and people with chronic breathlessness were hospitalised for longer (incidence rate ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.5)., Conclusion: There is a significant association between worse chronic breathlessness and increased health service utilisation. There is a need for greater understanding of factors that initiate contact with health services., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: D.C. Currow is an unpaid member of an advisory board for Helsinn Pharmaceuticals and Specialist Therapeutics, and has consulted to and received intellectual property payments from Mayne Pharma. Conflict of interest: S. Chang has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Ekström has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Hutchinson has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Luckett has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Kochovska has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Hay has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Touyz has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Dal Grande has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.J. Johnson has consulted to Mayne Pharma., (Copyright ©The authors 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Is YouTube promoting the exotic pet trade? Analysis of the global public perception of popular YouTube videos featuring threatened exotic animals.
- Author
-
Moloney GK, Tuke J, Dal Grande E, Nielsen T, and Chaber AL
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Exotic, Cats, Primates, Public Opinion, Endangered Species legislation & jurisprudence, Social Media legislation & jurisprudence, Video Recording legislation & jurisprudence, Videotape Recording legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
The exploitation of threatened exotic species via social media challenges efforts to regulate the exotic pet trade and consequently threatens species conservation. To investigate how such content is perceived by the global community, mixed model sentiment analysis techniques were employed to explore variations in attitudes expressed through text and emoji usage in public comments associated with 346 popular YouTube® videos starring exotic wild cats or primates in 'free handling' situations. Negative interactions between wild cats and primates with other species were found to be associated with both text and emoji median sentiment reduction, however were still accompanied by a median emoji sentiment above zero. Additionally, although a negative trend in median text sentiment was observed in 2015 for primates, an otherwise consistent positive median text and emoji sentiment score through time across all IUCN Red List categories was revealed in response to both exotic wild cat and primate videos, further implying the societal normalisation and acceptance of exotic pets. These findings highlight the urgency for effective YouTube® policy changes and content management to promote public education and conservation awareness, whilst extinguishing false legitimisation and demand for the exotic pet trade., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Regulatory Compliance in Online Dog Advertisements in Australia.
- Author
-
Goncalves Costa A, Nielsen T, Dal Grande E, Tuke J, and Hazel S
- Abstract
In Australia, each state and territory authority implements and enforces regulations regarding dog management-including the breeding and sale of dogs online-which is increasingly becoming the most popular method of obtaining pets. The aims for this study included: 1. Benchmarking regulatory compliance in online dog advertisements in Australia, and, 2. Understanding factors associated with regulatory compliance in online advertisements. We collected advertisements for dogs and puppies from Gumtree-one of Australia's most popular online trading platforms - on two separate days, two weeks apart (25 March and 8 April 2019). A total of 1735 unique advertisements were included in the dataset. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for microchipping, desexing and breeder identification number, and compliance levels. State laws requiring animals to be microchipped prior to sale and the inclusion of chip numbers in advertisements were found to be the biggest factor in increasing likelihood of microchipped animals in Gumtree advertisements, while desexing was more common in microchipped and older animals. The online ad was more likely to include a breeder ID if the dog was young, vaccinated, and advertised by a breeder rather than an owner. The findings from this study will assist regulators to make evidence-based decisions on managing online advertisements for companion animals. In the future, the benchmarking this study has presented will allow future analysis of the effectiveness of regulation changes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact.
- Author
-
Spee LB, Hazel SJ, Dal Grande E, Boardman WSJ, and Chaber AL
- Abstract
The popularization of exotic pets on celebrity social media in the Middle East has led to questionable impacts on exotic pet demand and threats to species conservation. The objective of this study was to identify exotic animal species featured on Middle Eastern celebrity social media account posts, the public perception of those posts, and their potential impacts on exotic pet demand and conservation (for global-scale extrapolation). Public social media accounts of highly influential persons from oil-rich Middle Eastern regions were manually investigated to evaluate subject demographics, species features, and post information (likes, comments) between January 2017 and August 2018. Twenty-five subjects possessed active social media accounts, from which 418 social media posts were extracted based on their inclusion of a privately owned exotic animal. SPSS Version 25 was used for frequency and descriptive analyses of these posts, in addition to comment analyses to evaluate quantitative (emojis) and qualitative (text) audience perceptions from a total of 10 social media posts of CITES Appendix I- or II-listed species. A greater frequency of positive than negative comments was observed ( n = 8017), demonstrating the higher likelihood of social media promotion rather than negation of the exotic pet trade. Public education on wildlife conservation and exotic animal trade risks is imperative for successful conservation and welfare protection.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
- Author
-
Melaku YA, Renzaho A, Gill TK, Taylor AW, Dal Grande E, de Courten B, Baye E, Gonzalez-Chica D, Hyppӧnen E, Shi Z, Riley M, Adams R, and Kinfu Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Female, Global Burden of Disease statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Cost of Illness, Diet adverse effects, Global Burden of Disease methods, Global Health statistics & numerical data, Noncommunicable Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)., Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the NCD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 14 dietary risk factors in Australia and 34 OECD nations. Countries were further ranked from the lowest (first) to highest (35th) burden using an age-standardized population attributable fraction (PAF)., Results: In 2015, the estimated number of deaths attributable to dietary risks was 29,414 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 24,697 - 34,058 or 19.7% of NCD deaths] and 443,385 DALYs (95% UI 377,680-511,388 or 9.5% of NCD DALYs) in Australia. Young (25-49 years) and middle-age (50-69 years) male adults had a higher PAF of diet-related NCD deaths and DALYs than their female counterparts. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and whole grains, but high in sodium, were the major contributors to both NCD deaths and DALYs. Overall, 42.3% of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. The age-standardized PAF of diet-related NCD mortality and DALYs decreased over the study period by 28.2% (from 27.0% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2015) and 41.0% (from 14.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2015), respectively. In 2015, Australia ranked 12th of 35 examined countries in diet-related mortality. A small improvement of rank was recorded compared to the previous 25 years., Conclusions: Despite a reduction in diet-related NCD burden over 25 years, dietary risks are still the major contributors to a high burden of NCDs in Australia. Interventions targeting NCDs should focus on dietary behaviours of individuals and population groups.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Assessing Heavy Episodic Drinking: A Random Survey of 18 to 34-Year-Olds in Four Cities in Four Different Continents.
- Author
-
Taylor AW, Bewick BM, Ling Q, Kirzhanova V, Alterwain P, Dal Grande E, Tucker G, and Makanjuola AB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, China epidemiology, Cities statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Nigeria epidemiology, Prevalence, Russia epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uruguay epidemiology, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) can have health and social consequences. This study assesses the associations between HED and demographic, socioeconomic, motivation and effects indicators for people aged 18⁻34 years old living in four cities in different regions of the world., Method: Multistage random sampling was consistent across the four cities (Ilorin (Nigeria), Wuhan (China), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Moscow (Russia)). The questionnaire was forward/back translated and face-to-face interviewing was undertaken. A total of 6235 interviews were undertaken in 2014. Separate univariable and multivariable modelling was undertaken to determine the best predictors of HED., Results: HED prevalence was 9.0%. The best predictors differed for each city. The higher probability of HED in the final models included beliefs that they have reached adulthood, feeling relaxed as an effect of drinking alcohol, and forgetting problems as an effect of drinking alcohol. Lower probability of HED was associated with not being interested in alcohol as a reason for limiting alcohol, and the belief that drinking alcohol is too expensive or a waste of money., Conclusion: Although some indicators were common across the four cities, the variables included in the final models predominantly differed from city to city. The need for country-specific prevention and early intervention programs are warranted.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Clusters of alcohol abstainers and drinkers incorporating motives against drinking: a random survey of 18 to 30 year olds in four cities in four different continents.
- Author
-
Taylor AW, Bewick BM, Ling Q, Kirzhanova VV, Alterwain P, Dal Grande E, Tucker G, and Makanjuola AB
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this analysis was to identify alcohol consumption clusters for adolescents and early adults according to attitudes to drinking, motivations against drinking and perceptions associated with alcohol., Method: Interviews were undertaken with people aged 18-34 years old living in four cities in different regions of the world. Multistage random sampling was consistent across the four cities (Ilorin (Nigeria), Wuhan (China), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Moscow (Russia)). The questionnaire was forward and back translated into relevant languages and face-to-face interviewing undertaken. The data were weighted to the population of each city. In total 6235 structured interviews were undertaken (1391 in Ilorin, 1600 in Montevideo, 1604 in Moscow and 1640 in Wuhan). Questions regarding motivation against alcohol consumption (14 items), assessing perceptions (3 items) and attitudes to drinking in certain situations (8 items) were asked of all respondents including abstainers. Factor analysis was initially undertaken to identify highly related correlated variables., Results: Cluster analysis provided a variety of clusters (Ilorin (3 clusters), Montevideo (5), Moscow (4) and Wuhan (4)). At least one cluster in each city was dominated by abstainers and another by heavy episodic drinkers. Variations by city and alcohol consumption patterns existed in regards to variables included., Conclusion: This analysis detailed the city specific motivations against drinking alcohol, and the attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Differences highlight the influence of country/city specific culture, customs, laws, societal norms and traditions., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: AWT is currently a recipient of a research grant provided by the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). BMB, as keynote speaker/expert adviser, has received reimbursement of travel expenses and/or time from Anheuser-Busch, Noctis, and the International Centre for Alcohol Policies. BMB has been in receipt of a research grant provided by the European Research Advisory Board (ERAB) and is currently a recipient of a research grant provided by the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). BMB has received reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred as a member of the independent Research Advisory Board for the European Foundation for Alcohol Research. These projects/activities did not influence the current work. The other authors declare that they have no competing interest other than those mentioned in the acknowledgment section.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Increasing gaps in health inequalities related to non-communicable diseases in South Australia; implications towards behavioural risk factor surveillance systems to provide evidence for action.
- Author
-
Campostrini S, Dal Grande E, and Taylor AW
- Subjects
- Adult, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Chronic Disease epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, South Australia epidemiology, Health Status Disparities, Noncommunicable Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Although Australia is a country cited as having generally low health inequalities among different socioeconomic groups, inequalities have persisted. The aim of this analysis was to highlight how inequalities have evolved over a 13 years period in South Australia (SA)., Methods: Since 2002, over 600 interviews per month have been undertaken with SA residents through a computer assisted telephone survey method (total 77,000+). Major risk factors and chronic diseases have been analyzed providing trends by two socio-economic variables: education and a proxy of income (ability to save)., Results: While income and educational gaps are reducing over time in SA, those that remain in the lower socio-economic groups have a generally higher prevalence of risk factors and chronic diseases. The health disparity gap is still relevant, although at a different extent, for all the variables considered in our study, with most appearing to be stable if not increasing over time., Conclusions: Surveillance can be a good source of information both to show the evolution of problems and to evaluate possible future interventions. Extensive effort is still required to "close the gap" of health inequalities in SA. More precisely targeted and properly implemented interventions are needed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Gout prevalence and predictors of urate-lowering therapy use: results from a population-based study.
- Author
-
Pisaniello HL, Lester S, Gonzalez-Chica D, Stocks N, Longo M, Sharplin GR, Dal Grande E, Gill TK, Whittle SL, and Hill CL
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Australia epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Allopurinol therapeutic use, Gout drug therapy, Gout epidemiology, Gout Suppressants therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Gout has an increasing global prevalence. Underutilization of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is thought to be common, via both suboptimal dosing and poor medication adherence. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of self-reported gout and the key predictors of ULT use in those with gout in a representative population survey in South Australia., Methods: Data were obtained from the Spring 2015 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, a multilevel, systematic, survey in a representative population sample involving face-to-face interviews (n = 3005). This study analyzed responses from respondents aged ≥ 25 years (n = 2531) about self-reported gout, ULT use, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, using survey weighting. Univariate and subsequent adjusted logistic regression analyses on self-reported gout were performed. ULT use was divided into three categories (never use, prior use, and current use) and these data were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model., Results: Self-reported gout prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI 5.8, 7.9). The mean age of respondents with gout was 64 years (standard deviation 16) and 82% were male. As expected, older age, male gender, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with gout, as were high alcohol consumption, current smoking, other forms of arthritis, and hypertension or hypercholesterolemia medication, after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Two thirds of respondents with gout reported ULT use (36% current; 29% previous) with only 55% continuing treatment. Predictors of ULT use included male gender, low SES, and concomitant cholesterol-lowering therapy. Respondents with gout with a higher BMI were more likely to remain on ULT., Conclusions: Despite gout being a common, potentially disabling joint disease, only 55% of respondents with gout in this study adhered to ULT. Identification of key predictors of ULT use will provide guidance on prescribing strategy in clinical practice and on the quality of gout care in the community.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Frailty and usage of health care systems: Results from the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS).
- Author
-
Dent E, Dal Grande E, Price K, and Taylor AW
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Frail Elderly statistics & numerical data, Frailty epidemiology, Health Services statistics & numerical data, Patient Acceptance of Health Care
- Abstract
Objectives: Little is known about frailty and its impact on health-care systems. Using large-scale population health surveillance data, this study determined the prevalence of frailty, its associated factors, and the impact it places on health care services., Study Design: A cross-sectional snapshot of the 2013-2015 South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) database was used, focusing on individuals aged ≥65years. Frailty was assessed by the Frailty Index (FI), and classified as robust (scores≤0.1), pre-frail (>0.1 to ≤0.25), and frail (>0.25)., Results: 7207 people (53.7% female) were included; mean (SD) age was 74.8 (7.17) years. The mean (SD) FI score was 0.23 (0.11), with a 99% upper limit of 0.53. Over a third (36.3% (95% CI 34.8-37.9)) were classified as frail and over half (53.6% (95% CI 52.0-55.1)) as pre-frail. Frailty was less common in rural areas, and was associated with age, lower education level, and higher socioeconomic disadvantage. After adjustment for confounders, multivariable analyses showed a gradient effect by frailty classification with regard to both hospital- and non-hospital-based services. Frail older adults were more likely to present to hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) than their pre-frail or robust counterparts, yet visited the GP at the same rate as older adults with pre-frailty., Conclusion: Frail older adults were higher users of health care services, with the exception of GPs. Knowledge of the health service usage patterns of frail older adults can be used to direct public health policy and plan future GP provision., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The independent association of overweight and obesity with breathlessness in adults: a cross-sectional, population-based study.
- Author
-
Currow DC, Dal Grande E, Sidhu C, Ekström M, and Johnson MJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Australia epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Cluster Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Independent Living statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Respiratory Function Tests methods, Risk Factors, Walk Test methods, Dyspnea diagnosis, Dyspnea epidemiology, Dyspnea physiopathology, Life Style, Obesity diagnosis, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity physiopathology, Physical Conditioning, Human methods
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Are we reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving the quality of life through preventive health care? Results of a population-based study in South Australia.
- Author
-
González-Chica DA, Dal Grande E, Bowden J, Musker M, Hay P, and Stocks N
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, South Australia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Life Style, Preventive Health Services methods, Quality of Life, Risk Reduction Behavior
- Abstract
This study investigated the achievement of lifestyle recommendations and use of preventive medication in people who 1) are obese, 2) or have metabolic risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and/or diabetes), 3) or have cardiovascular disease (CVD), 4) or are healthy, and the impact this preventive health care had on their 'Health-Related Quality of Life' (HRQoL). Cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 with 2379 South Australian adults (57.1±14years; 51.7% females). Physical (PCS) and mental components scores (MCS) of HRQoL were assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. Although adequate fruit/vegetable intake was lower among individuals with CVD (29.8%; p=0.049), this behaviour was associated with a better MCS. Adequate physical activity level was lower among those with metabolic risk factors (29.5%) or CVD (31.0%; p=0.008), but independent of their clinical condition, this behaviour was associated with a higher PCS. Individuals with CVD were less likely to have adequate alcohol consumption (63.4%; p=0.026), but those achieving this recommendation had poorer PCS. Non-smoking was similar in all groups (85%; p=0.768) and was associated with a better MCS only among healthy individuals and those with CVD. In all the groups, individuals achieving all the lifestyle recommendations had a better PCS. Only 48.2% of individuals with CVD reported combined use of antithrombotic, antihypertensive, and antilipidemic drugs, but the use of these medications was not associated with HRQoL. In conclusion, the vast majority of individuals at risk of or with CVD did not achieve preventive recommendations, and only the adequacy of uptake of all recommended lifestyle behaviours showed consistent benefits for PCS and MCS., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Lower educational level and unemployment increase the impact of cardiometabolic conditions on the quality of life: results of a population-based study in South Australia.
- Author
-
González-Chica DA, Adams R, Dal Grande E, Avery J, Hay P, and Stocks N
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, South Australia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Education trends, Metabolic Diseases epidemiology, Quality of Life psychology, Unemployment trends
- Abstract
Purpose: To investigate if sociodemographic characteristics increase the adverse effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)., Methods: Cross-sectional, face-to-face survey investigating 2379 adults living in South Australia in 2015 (57.1 ± 14 years; 51.7% females). Questions included diagnosis of CMRF (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia) and CVD. Physical and mental HRQoL were assessed using the SF-12v1 questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models including confounders (sociodemographic, lifestyle, use of preventive medication) and interaction terms between sociodemographic variables and cardiometabolic conditions were used in adjusted analysis., Results: The prevalence of CMRF (one or more) was 54.6% and CVD was 13.0%. The physical HRQoL reduced from 50.8 (95%CI 50.2-51.4) in healthy individuals to 45.1 (95%CI 44.4-45.9) and 39.1 (95%CI 37.7-40.5) among those with CMRF and CVD, respectively. Adjustment for sociodemographic variables reduced these differences in 33%, remaining stable after controlling for lifestyle and use of preventive medications (p < 0.001). Differences in physical HRQoL according to cardiometabolic conditions were twice as high among those with lower educational level, or if they were not working. Among unemployed, having a CMRF or a CVD had the same impact on the physical HRQoL (9.7 lower score than healthy individuals). The inverse association between cardiometabolic conditions and mental HRQoL was subtle (p = 0.030), with no evidence of disparities due to sociodemographic variables., Conclusions: A lower educational level and unemployment increase the adverse effects of cardiometabolic conditions on the physical HRQoL. Targeted interventions for reducing CMRF and/or CVD in these groups are necessary to improve HRQoL.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Public attitudes to government intervention to regulate food advertising, especially to children.
- Author
-
Berry NM, Carter P, Nolan R, Dal Grande E, and Booth S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, South Australia, Young Adult, Advertising legislation & jurisprudence, Food Industry legislation & jurisprudence, Government Regulation, Public Opinion
- Abstract
The World Health Organization has called on governments to implement recommendations on the marketing of foods and beverages to children. This study describes high public support for government intervention in marketing of unhealthy food to children and suggests more effort is needed to harness public opinion to influence policy development.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and other Risk Factors Assessed Using An Ongoing Population-based Surveillance System.
- Author
-
Taylor AW, Shi Z, Dal Grande E, and Stockley C
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of alcohol consumption (reported in four different ways) with other specific disease-related risk factors (that is, smoking, high body mass index, low physical activity and insufficient fruit and vegetables). Data were collected from 2003 to 2015 in South Australia using an on-going monthly chronic disease and risk factor telephone survey of randomly selected persons (18+ years). The proportion of alcohol drinkers and, for those who drank alcohol, the proportion drinking more than one day per week, the proportion drinking on six or more days per week, and the mean alcohol drinks per day were assessed. Logistic regression and linear regression modelling were used on age and sex adjusted data. In total, over 71,000 respondents aged 18 years and older were interviewed (48.8% male). Overall prevalence of alcohol consumption was 81.3%. Trends in the direction promoted by current policies and preventative authorities were apparent with appropriate changes for all four measures for overall and for those underweight, undertaking sufficient activity, consuming <2 serves of fruit per day, consuming <5 serves of vegetables per day and with 3+ total risk factors. This research has provided evidence on the trends in alcohol consumption in relation to a range of other specific modifiable disease-related risk factors. The trends analysis has shown different patterns for each risk factor, and highlights the interplay between the respective modifiable or preventive risk factors., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.