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Resumo A pandemia causada pela Covid-19 causou mudanças na estrutura de ensino entre os estudantes e professores do curso de medicina. As atividades tiveram de ser adaptadas ao ensino de forma remota, cuja regulação tem sido estabelecida através de portarias estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), exceto as aulas práticas em laboratório. Neste novo panorama, os professores necessitam de uma postura educacional inovadora, de estratégias educacionais diversificadas, de competências de comunicação, de capacidade de problematização da temática e de gerenciar a participação de todos os integrantes do grupo. Com base nisso, buscou-se avaliar a percepção dos docentes sobre as atividades remotas em medicina durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a maioria dos docentes se sentiu sobrecarregada, ansiosa ou depressiva, sendo que metade necessitou de suporte psicológico. Sobre a rotina de trabalho, a maioria dos docentes afirmou que seu tempo de preparo das aulas aumentou e existiu um impacto negativo sobre o trabalho com a mudança. As maiores dificuldades apontadas foram a interação com os estudantes, o tempo necessário para o planejamento das aulas, mudanças na dinâmica de trabalho, manejo dos recursos virtuais e plataformas de ensino e criatividade para elaborar atividades de ensino. Para os docentes entrevistados, esta nova realidade de ensino impactará, tanto de forma positiva quanto negativa, na prática médica dos futuros profissionais. Palavras-chave: Docentes. Covid-19. Educação Médica Abstract The pandemic caused by COVID-19 caused changes in the education structure among medicine school students and professors. The activities had to be adapted to remote teaching, whose regulation has been established through ordinances by the Ministry of Education (MEC), except for laboratory practices. In this new scenario, professors need an innovative educational posture, diversified educational strategies, communication skills, ability to discuss the subject, and manage the participation of all group members. Based on that , it was aimed to evaluate the professors’ perception about remote activities in medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results found show that most of the professors felt overwhelmed, anxious or depressed, and half of them needed psychological support. About the work routine, most of the professors stated that their preparation time for classes increased and there was a negative impact about working with this change. The major difficulties pointed out were the interaction with students, the time needed to plan classes, changes in workplace dynamics, management of virtual resources, and teaching and creativity to develop teaching activities. For the professors’interviewees, this new reality of teaching will impact, both positively and negatively, the medical practice of future professionals. Keywords: Faculty. COVID-19. Medical Education.

Introduction: subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease. Mitigating the factors that compromise patient recovery during neurocritical care due to SAH is of clinical benefit. Objectives: to evaluate the nutritional risk of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using "The Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill" (mNUTRIC) score, and examine its association with outcomes such as mortality, time of mechanical ventilation, and functional status among survivors. Methods: we designed a cross-sectional study. Patients with SAH admitted to the neurointensive critical care unit (neuroICU) in a tertiary care public hospital were eligible. The inclusion criteria were a minimum stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) of 24 hrs for subarachnoid hemorrhage from a nontraumatic, spontaneously ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and hospital admission within 24 hrs after the onset of symptoms. Results: high nutritional risk as stratified by the mNUTRIC score was associated with discharge type (OR = 0.346; 95 % CI = 0.182-0.650; p = 0.001), acute hypertensive hydrocephalus (OR = 4.371; 95 % CI = 2.283-8.549; p0.001), and functional outcome (OR = 0.106; 95 % CI = 0.025-0.0388; p0.001). The mNUTRIC score was significantly different among median age (p0.001), length of stay in the neuroICU (p = 0.005), SOFA score (p0.001), and APACHE II score (p0.001) categories. Conclusions: this study demonstrated an association between nutritional risk assessment and outcomes such as length of stay in the neuroICU, type of discharge, functional status, and mortality prediction accuracy.Introducción: la hemorragia subaracnoidea es una forma rara de enfermedad cerebrovascular que pone en peligro la vida del paciente. Reducir los factores que comprometen la recuperación de los pacientes durante los cuidados neurocríticos tiene benefício clínico. Objetivo: evaluar el riesgo nutricional de los pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea por aneurisma utilizando la puntuación "The Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill" (mNUTRIC) y su asociación con resultados como la mortalidad, el tiempo de ventilación mecánica y el estado funcional entre los supervivientes. Método: diseñamos un estudio transversal. Fueron elegibles los pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea ingresados en la unidad de cuidados críticos neurointensivos (neuroUCI) de un hospital público de atención terciaria. Los criterios de inclusión fueron una permanencia mínima de 24 horas en la UCI, hemorragia subaracnoidea por rotura espontánea no traumática de aneurisma cerebral, e ingreso hospitalario en las 24 horas siguientes al inicio de los síntomas. Resultados: el alto riesgo nutricional estratificado por la puntuación mNUTRIC se asoció con el tipo de alta (OR = 0,346; IC 95 % = 0,182-0,650; p = 0,001), la hidrocefalia hipertensiva aguda (OR = 4,371; IC 95 % = 2,283-8,549; p0,001) y el resultado funcional (OR = 0,106; IC 95 % = 0,025-0,0388; p0,001). La puntuación mNUTRIC presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medianas de edad (p0,001), duración de la permanencia en la neuroUCI (p = 0,005), puntuación SOFA (p0,001) y puntuación APACHE II (p0,001). Conclusión: este estudio demuestra una asociación de la evaluación del riesgo nutricional con resultados como la necesidad de ventilación mecánica, la duración de la permanencia en la neuroUCI, el tipo de alta, el estado funcional y la precisión en la predicción de la mortalidad.

Tamoxifen (TMX) is used as adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cases due to its affinity and inhibitory effects. However, about 30% of cases show drug resistance, resulting in recurrence and metastasis, the leading causes of death. A literature review can help to elucidate the main cellular processes involved in TMX resistance. A scoping review was performed to find clinical studies investigating the association of expression of molecular markers profiles with long-term outcomes in ER+ patients treated with TMX. In silico analysis was performed to assess the interrelationship among the selected markers, evaluating the joint involvement with the biological processes. Forty-five studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After clustering and gene ontology analysis, 23 molecular markers were significantly associated, forming three clusters of strong correlation with cell cycle regulation, signal transduction of proliferative stimuli, and hormone response involved in morphogenesis and differentiation of mammary gland. Also, it was found that overexpression of markers in selected clusters is a significant indicator of poor overall survival. The proposed review offered a better understanding of independent data from the literature, revealing an integrative network of markers involved in cellular processes that could modulate the response of TMX. Analysis of these mechanisms and their molecular components could improve the effectiveness of TMX. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-021-00432-7.

Seja A um grupo agindo em um grupo G. Resultados mostram que algumas propriedades de G são influenciadas pelo CG(A), por exemplo, sendo FH um grupo de Frobenius de automorfismos agindo em um grupo finito G, sabemos que se CG(F) = 1 e CG(H) é nilpotente, então G é nilpotente e, adicionando a hipótese de F ser cíclico, temos que a classe de nilpotência de G é limitada em termos da ordem de H e da classe de nilpotência do CG(H). Até o presente momento, não estava evidente, considerando as hipóteses citadas anteriormente, se a classe de nilpotência de G poderia ser tomada independente da ordem de H. Nessa dissertação, mostramos que existe uma família de grupos finitos nilpotentes G, com classe de nilpotência ilimitada, tal que cada grupo em G admite um grupo de Frobenius de automorfismos com núcleo cíclico, de modo que CG(F) = 1 e CG(H) é abeliano, evidenciando, assim, a dependência essencial da ordem de H na classe de nilpotência de G. Let A be a group acting on a group G. It is known that some properties of G are influenced by CG(A), for example, suppose that a Frobenius group FH acts on a finite group G, we known that if CG(F) = 1 and CG(H) is nilpotent, then G is nilpotent and, adding the hypothesis that F is cyclic, we have that the nilpotency class of G is bounded in terms of the order of H and the nilpotency class of CG(H). Until now, it was not evident, considering the hypotheses mentioned above, if the nilpotency class of G could be made independent of the order of H. In this dissertation, we show that exists a family G of finite nilpotent groups, of unbounded nilpotency class, such that each group in G admits a metacyclic Frobenius group of automorphisms so that CG(F) = 1 and CG(H) is abelian, thus evidencing the essential dependency of the order of H in the nilpotency class of G. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Apresenta-se neste trabalho o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de dois sistemas decontrole de temperatura para escamoteadores de leitões lactentes. Em um dosescamoteadores foi instalado um piso térmico aquecido por fluxo de água. No outro,um sistema de lâmpadas que ligam e desligam automaticamente. Em ambos oscasos a temperatura interna dos escamoteadores é controlada para que os animaispermançam termicamente confortáveis. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliadoregistrando-se o número de leitões nascidos vivos e desmamados, assim como opeso ao nascimento e ao desmame. Os resultados ficaram dentro do consideradoideal.

The generation of wasted LEDs is expected to grow in the coming years, raising the challenge of recycling and recovering their valuable and critical materials. Due to the low concentration of these materials, the current recycling processes available for LEDs have a significant recovery limitation. This study proposes an innovative, clean and effective physical method to segregate the valuable and critical materials into different fractions while enhancing their concentration: particle size separation followed by electrostatic separation. After the determination of the best electrostatic separation conditions (varying tension and rotation) for each particle size, the final fractions were characterized by acid digestion and ICP-OES analysis. The analysis revealed that the economically valuable elements gold, silver, copper and tin became concentrated in the conductive fractions (80.18%, 94.22%, 96.55% and 93.29% of their total recovered mass, respectively), while the strategic critical elements, gallium, cerium and yttrium became concentrated in the non-conductive fractions (96.15%, 100% and 95.20% of their total recovered mass, respectively). Despite some limitations imposed by the mass losses, this novel route may be important to uncover new recycling alternatives, mainly for critical elements, and to improve the economic viability of the recycling routes.

For Brazil, there are no nationwide data on HPV prevalence against which the impact of the HPV immunization program can be measured in the future. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of genital HPV infection among adolescents and young adults in Brazil. A cross-sectional, multicentric, nationwide survey was conducted between September 2016 and November 2017. Sexually active unvaccinated women and men aged 16 to 25 years old were recruited from 119 public primary care units, including all 26 state capitals and the Federal District. All participants answered a face-to-face interview and provided biological samples for genital HPV analysis. We used an automated DNA extraction method and HPV genotyping was performed using the Linear Array genotyping test (Roche). Of 7,694 participants, 53.6% (95% CI 51.4–55.8) were positive for any HPV type. The prevalence of high-risk HPV types was significantly higher in women (38.6% vs. 29.2%, P

LED lamps already conquered the market of general lighting and are expected to generate a substantial stream of e-waste in the coming years. The challenge of recycling LED lamps have emerged, and it is essential to address both environmental and economic aspects to achieve a circular economy. LED lamps contain precious and critical metals, which can be found in electrical components and in the LED itself, making them a prospective waste for recycling initiatives. However, data about the concentration and distribution of these metals in the LED lamp's components are still scarce and uncertain. This work aims to characterise the various components of different brands of LED lamps to provide novel data on the precious and critical metals' amounts. Gold and silver were found in all brands of lamp, and we highlight the occurrence of gold in all analysed components, in concentrations between 0.01% and 0.07%, which is relevant to the economic viability of future recycling routes (gold and silver can contribute with USD 4340.00 per ton of LED lamps). The critical metals gallium, yttrium, and cerium were found in LEDs, while cobalt, barium, gallium, antimony, and manganese were found in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Additionally, the elements lead, cadmium, and arsenic were characterised due to their association with environmental and human toxicity.

Introduction: The heterogeneous nature and intrinsically aggressive tumor pathology of the triple negative breast cancer subtype results in an unfavorable prognosis and limited clinical success. The use of hematological components of the systemic inflammatory response for patients with triple-negative breast cancer can add important prognostic information to the criteria traditionally used for cancer patients, since inflammation can promote tumor progression support by affecting the stages of tumorigenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters neutrophil/lymphocyte, monocyte/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios as prognostic indicators in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Methods: This was a singlecenter retrospective observational study in an oncology referral hospital in the South region of Brazil. Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The low blood cell ratio groups had significantly higher overall survival than the high blood cell ratio groups. Univariate analysis also confirmed the correlation of patients in the high blood cell ratio groups with unfavorable results. Conclusions: Hematological components of the systemic inflammatory response are promising prognostic indicators. More studies on the subject should be carried out to assist in future medical decision-making so these parameters of easy assessment and low cost can be introduced in clinical practice.

Dear Editors, We read with great interest the article by Studart-Neto et al., which presented the importance of recognizing neurological conditions that can worsen the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We acknowledge the notable work demonstrating that knowledge in neurology is relevant for better treatment and follow-up of the disease. […] COVID-19 as the trigger for respiratory failure in neuromuscular diseases

LED lamps have already conquered the market of general lighting. This new product will generate a substantial flow of e-waste requiring studies for the correct management, especially concerning recycling alternatives. This study proposes a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components (carcass, LEDs, printed circuit board and LED module). After manual disassembling, polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the metals by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and acid leaching followed by ICP-OES analysis. By the novelty of separating and characterizing the LED lamp's components, a process which has not yet been studied, the results allow for a better interpretation of the different materials distribution within the lamps which is essential to improve the efficiency of a recycling route. To exemplify, the element gallium, which has a recycling appeal from the LEDs, is present in a larger quantity in the printed circuit boards. The study also provides an analysis of the materials recycling rates and economic values, and the comparison with the concentration of natural ores. Thus, it was possible to discuss about target components and materials and the recycling alternatives for each component. LED lamps contain interesting materials, with even higher concentrations than natural ores, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tin and gallium. If recycled, tubular lamps and bulb lamps would have the economic recovery of USD 2405.99 and USD 2595.02 per ton, respectively. The gold was found to be the most valuable material, and the LEDs the most valuable component of the LED lamps.

The role of superoxide dismutase manganese dependent enzyme (SOD2) in colorectal cancer is presently insufficiently understood. Some studies suggest that high SOD2 levels found in cancer tissues are associated with cancer progression. However, thus far, the role of colorectal cancer superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance has not yet been studied. Thus, in order to address this gap in extant literature, we performed an in vitro analysis using HT-29 colorectal cell line exposed to paraquat, which generates high superoxide levels, and porphyrin, a SOD2 mimic molecule. The effect of these drugs on colorectal cancer cell response to oxaliplatin was evaluated. At 0.1 μM concentration, both drugs exhibited cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect on colorectal cancer cells. However, this effect was more pronounced in cells exposed to paraquat. Paraquat also augmented the oxaliplatin cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects by increasing the number of apoptosis events, thus causing the cell cycle arrest in the S and M/G2 phases. The treatments were also able to differentially modulate genes related to apoptosis, cell proliferation and antioxidant enzyme system. However, the effects were highly variable and the results obtained were inconclusive. Nonetheless, our findings support the hypothesis that imbalance caused by increased hydrogen peroxide levels could be beneficial to cancer cell biology. Therefore, the use of therapeutic strategies to decrease hydrogen peroxide levels mainly during oxaliplatin chemotherapy could be clinically important to the outcomes of colorectal cancer treatment.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare, chronic hematological disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count exceeding 1.5×109/l, following the exclusion of other potential etiologies. The systemic involvement of the disease causes tissue damage through eosinophil infiltration, and may affect various organs; cardiac complications are observed in 50–60% of cases, which are predominately attributed to endomyocardial fibrosis. The treatment is based initially on determining the presence of the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion. Patients with positive results for this mutation tend to achieve a complete response with imatinib treatment, which is thus the first line of treatment for this condition. However, patients who are negative for this mutation initially undergo treatment with corticosteroids. This study reports the case of a male 53-year-old patient diagnosed with hypereosinophilic syndrome in 2012, with negative results for the FIP1L1-PDGFRA mutation, and persistently high eosinophil levels, despite receiving the second line of standard treatment for this condition with hydroxyurea, and having already used corticosteroids without success. At the time of admission, the patient presented with acute decompensated heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation, without any evidence of prior myocardial fibrosis or restrictive cardiomyopathy, and without suggestion of an associated ventricular hypertrophy. This clinical presentation is uncommon, as valvular involvement usually appears in the third stage of the development of cardiac involvement, and is usually associated with fibrosis and thrombotic events. Alternative therapeutic possibilities were evaluated due to the significant progression of the disease, and it was decided to attempt the use of imatinib, despite its use being preferably recommended for FIPIL1-PDGFRA-positive patients. The patient exhibited an evident and immediate response to imatinib, with normalization of the eosinophil count within 24 h of the first dose, which was maintained for at least the next 19 months. This clinical presentation is uncommon, as patients negative for FIPIL1-PDGFRA fusion do not frequently respond to imatinib treatment, and symptomatic heart failure usually appears in the third stage of disease progression.

Li (lithium), a mood stabilizer has anti-inflammatory effect. However, in clinical practice, Li can be administered together with other antidepressants drugs, such as FLX (fluoxetine), IMI (imipramine), NOR (nortriptyline) and ESC (escitalopram). As interaction between Li and these antidepressant drugs on inflammatory modulation has not been investigated yet, we performed an in vitro protocol using a non-human macrophage cell line. Oxidative and inflammatory markers, as well as cell cycle analysis and cytokine gene expressions were compared among treatments. An IR (inflammatory ratio) was calculated based on the following oxidative-inflammatory variables: nitric oxide, superoxide anion, reactive oxygen molecules, cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. The in vitro calculated IR data were validated through an in vivo analysis of 154 human subjects with similar IR. Li and control cells presented similar IR values. FLX, NOR and IMI increased slightly IR values indicating some proinflammatory effect, whereas ESC decreased IR values indicating some anti-inflammatory effect. However, cells exposed to Li + ESC triggered a proinflammatory response on macrophages. Thus, IR comparison results suggest that the Li anti-inflammatory effect is not universal and could be influenced by both basal macrophage-inflammatory state and interaction of other psychiatric drugs. These results could be useful to understand some inconsistencies observed in human studies involving Li and other psychiatric drugs.

The epidemiological impact of SOD2 imbalance on prostate cancer (PC) risk associated with genetic variations has previously been studied. However, we found no previous studies clarifying the nature of SOD2 effects on prostate cancer. Here, we performed integrated in vivo and in vitro protocols that analyzed the association between Ala16Val-SOD2 polymorphism and prostate cancer aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis and evaluated the effect of the imbalance on PC proliferation using the DU-145 PC cell line treated with paraquat and porphyrin. In the pharmacological model, paraquat was used to increase superoxide anion levels and porphyrin was the SOD2 analog. The results confirmed the impact of superoxide–hydrogen peroxide imbalance on PC cell biology since porphyrin decreased cell proliferation and both treatments modulated antioxidant genes. Therefore, our results corroborate previous suggestions that alteration of redox status could be exploited therapeutically in the treatment of PC.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação. A utilizaçao de sistemas computacionais vem obtendo grande abrangencia nas mais diversas areas de conhecimento. Dentre as atividades a que estes podem estar relacionados, existem aquelas que possuem alguns requisitos temporais. Os sistemas de tempo real são aqueles cujo correto funcionamento está associado, não apenas às respostas corretas a determinados estímulos, mas também às restriçoes temporais impostas pelo ambiente. Muitas pesquisas vem sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de dar suporte a sistemas de tempo real atrav´es de soluções proprietárias ou extensões para sistemas operacionais de propósito geral. O RTAI é uma extensão do Linux para tempo real, cuja pilha de protocolo de rede é chamada RTNET. Neste trabalho é apresentada a implementação de um protocolo alternativo de rede, na forma de um m´odulo, para comunicação de tarefas em modo usuário que desejem fazer uso da pilha RTNET. São apresentados, ainda, os resultados dos testes de forma comparativa aos protocolos UDP/IP.