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Within the rich diversity of South American freshwater fish, Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), known as tambaqui, cachama or blackfin pacu, can reach 30 kg, is a traditional product in regional fish markets and has drawn the attention of fish farmers since the 1930s. Considerable progress achieved in different fields of aquaculture science has contributed to the growth of tambaqui production. Tambaqui has proven suitable for both monoculture and polyculture systems, and for both extensive and intensive production systems aimed at achieving sustainable, higher productivity with minimal environmental impact. Studies of the reproductive anatomy and physiology of the species proved fundamental to development of techniques to boost commercial production, contributing to development of protocols for hormonally induced spawning and artificial propagation in the 1970s. Newly hatched larvae must be fed with live foods until they can be weaned to artificial feeds at about 100 mg weight. Despite its importance for aquaculture, only a few studies have reported components of quantitative genetic variance and parameters for weight at age, morphometric traits and disease resistance. Genomic tools currently available can be applied to detect variation relevant to performance and to accelerate the process of genetic improvement. While the species’ feeding habit allows the use of diets containing 75%–85% plant protein, much more work needs to be done to optimize aquafeeds. Refinement of tambaqui production methods has the potential to significantly boost South American aquaculture. We recommend research on diets, genetic improvement and system optimization to spur further productivity and achieve sustainable tambaqui culture. Accepted version

Submitted by Eliena Farias (elienaguimaraes29@gmail.com) on 2021-12-10T03:16:38Z No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o ELIENA GUIMAR??ES FARIAS.pdf: 2635800 bytes, checksum: 9f6e2eb9eca8a13b688d19b7b3621d55 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento disserta????o Eliena.pdf: 270324 bytes, checksum: 7993db80beebc901be6d3186e793b1ca (MD5) Ata de defesa Eliena Guimar??es Farias.pdf: 883550 bytes, checksum: 080f9aecbbb8b785977bd89ca4075624 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-10T14:05:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o ELIENA GUIMAR??ES FARIAS.pdf: 2635800 bytes, checksum: 9f6e2eb9eca8a13b688d19b7b3621d55 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento disserta????o Eliena.pdf: 270324 bytes, checksum: 7993db80beebc901be6d3186e793b1ca (MD5) Ata de defesa Eliena Guimar??es Farias.pdf: 883550 bytes, checksum: 080f9aecbbb8b785977bd89ca4075624 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-12-10T18:47:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o ELIENA GUIMAR??ES FARIAS.pdf: 2635800 bytes, checksum: 9f6e2eb9eca8a13b688d19b7b3621d55 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento disserta????o Eliena.pdf: 270324 bytes, checksum: 7993db80beebc901be6d3186e793b1ca (MD5) Ata de defesa Eliena Guimar??es Farias.pdf: 883550 bytes, checksum: 080f9aecbbb8b785977bd89ca4075624 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-10T18:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o ELIENA GUIMAR??ES FARIAS.pdf: 2635800 bytes, checksum: 9f6e2eb9eca8a13b688d19b7b3621d55 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento disserta????o Eliena.pdf: 270324 bytes, checksum: 7993db80beebc901be6d3186e793b1ca (MD5) Ata de defesa Eliena Guimar??es Farias.pdf: 883550 bytes, checksum: 080f9aecbbb8b785977bd89ca4075624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-11-12 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient??fico e Tecnol??gico Spending on food reaches around 70% of production costs in fish farming. One of the alternatives to alleviate this cost is the adoption of feeding strategies, including food restriction, which consists of leaving the fish in a short period of fasting, providing feed savings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different number of days of food restriction of tambaqui juveniles in order to reduce feed costs without compromising performance, as well as to evaluate the existence of compensatory growth. The study was conducted at the Fish Nutrition and Health Laboratory at Embrapa Western Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), using 6 treatments (T0 - Daily food, T1 - One fasting day a week, T2 - Two fasting days a week, T3 - Three fasting days a week, T4 - Four fasting days a week and T5 ??? Five fasting days a week) with 5 repetitions. Juveniles with an average initial weight of 25.89 ?? 3.57 g and average length of 11.69 ?? 0.65 cm were used, housed in 70 L basins, with constant water renewal and artificial aeration fed for a period of 45 days. At the end of the experiment, zootechnical performance indices were evaluated such as final weight (FP), weight gain (GP), feed intake (CR), apparent feed conversion (CAA) and survival, hepatosomatic, liposomal and viscerosomatic index, blood parameters in addition to a simple food cost analysis. There was a significant difference for PF, GP, CR and CAA. The best CAA were found on two and three days of fasting, as well as the best GP that was found on a weekly fasting day, in addition to the control treatment (daily feeding). In the somatic relationships, there was a statistical difference for all variables and the values of the treatments that were closest to the daily diet were one and two days of weekly fasting. In hematological parameters, glucose showed a statistical difference between the control treatment and the others, with the exception of treatment 4 which did not differ significantly from the control and hemoglobin also showed a statistical difference between treatments, however there was no significant difference between treatments of one and three days of weekly fasting in relation to the control treatment. With regard to cost, the treatment with two days of weekly restriction provided greater reduction in the cost of feed. It was concluded with this study that tambaqui juveniles submitted to up to two days of food restriction may present partial compensatory growth, in addition to reducing the costs with feed supply by up to 36.8%. Submitting tambaqui juveniles to more than two days of food restriction compromises zootechnical performance, somatic relationships, in addition to causing changes in glucose and hemoglobin. O gasto com alimenta????o chega a ocupar em torno de 70% dos custos de produ????o na cria????o de peixes. Uma das alternativas para amenizar este custo ?? a ado????o de estrat??gias alimentares, entre elas a restri????o alimentar que consiste em deixar os peixes em curto per??odo de jejum proporcionando economia de ra????o. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os diferentes n??meros de dias em restri????o alimentar dos juvenis de tambaqui visando a diminui????o dos custos com ra????o sem comprometer o desempenho, bem como avaliar a exist??ncia do crescimento compensat??rio. O estudo foi conduzido no Laborat??rio de Nutri????o e Sa??de de peixes da Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), utilizando 6 tratamentos (T0 ??? Alimenta????o di??ria, T1 ??? Um dia de jejum na semana, T2 ??? Dois dias de jejum na semana, T3 ??? Tr??s dias de jejum na semana, T4 ??? Quatro dias de jejum na semana e T5 ??? Cinco dias de jejum na semana) com 5 repeti????es. Foram utilizados juvenis com peso m??dio inicial de 25,89 ?? 3,57 g e de comprimento m??dio 11,69 ?? 0,65 cm, alojados em bacias de 70 L, com renova????o constante de ??gua e aera????o artificial alimentados por um per??odo de 45 dias. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados ??ndices de desempenho zoot??cnicos como peso final (PF), ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ra????o (CR), convers??o alimentar aparente (CAA) e sobreviv??ncia, ??ndices hepatossom??ticos, lipossom??ticos e viscerossom??ticos, par??metros sangu??neos al??m de uma an??lise simples de custo com alimenta????o. Houve diferen??a significativa para PF, GP, CR e CAA. As melhores CAA foram encontradas em dois e tr??s dias de jejum, bem como o melhor GP que foi encontrado em um dia de jejum semanal, al??m do tratamento controle (alimenta????o di??ria). Nas rela????es som??ticas houve diferen??a estat??stica para todas as vari??veis e os valores dos tratamentos que mais se aproximaram da alimenta????o di??ria foram um e dois dias de jejum semanais. Nos par??metros hematol??gicos, a glicose apresentou diferen??a estat??stica entre o tratamento controle e os demais, com exce????o do tratamento 4 que n??o diferiu significativamente do controle e a hemoglobina tamb??m apresentou diferen??a estat??stica entre os tratamentos, entretanto n??o houve diferen??a significativa entre os tratamentos de um e tr??s dias de jejum semanais em rela????o ao tratamento controle. Com rela????o ao custo, o tratamento com dois dias de restri????o semanal propiciou maior redu????o de custo com ra????o. Concluiu-se com este estudo que juvenis de tambaqui submetidos a at?? dois dias de restri????o alimentar podem apresentar crescimento compensat??rio parcial, al??m de diminuir em at?? 36,8% os custos com fornecimento de ra????o. Submeter juvenis de tambaqui a mais de dois dias de restri????o alimentar compromete o desempenho zoot??cnico, as rela????es som??ticas, al??m de causar altera????o na glicose e hemoglobina.

Submitted by Armando Prestes (armando.gomesprestes@gmail.com) on 2021-04-27T23:56:28Z No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO.pdf: 1310959 bytes, checksum: f53ded6e3678cd86f56558ff784c6083 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-04-28T20:36:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO.pdf: 1310959 bytes, checksum: f53ded6e3678cd86f56558ff784c6083 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Rejected by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br), reason: Na ficha catalogr??fica, proceder ?? corre????o da pista (palavras-chave): 2. Di??metro geom??trico m??dio. 3. Dieta. 4. Moagem. 5. Processamento de ra????o. (a primeira letra deve ser transcrita em caixa alta). O alinhamento da ficha encontra-se desalinhado, para efetuar a emiss??o nos padr??es exigidos, acesse: http://fichacatalografica.ufam.edu.br/ficha/create on 2021-04-28T21:45:37Z (GMT) Submitted by Armando Prestes (armando.gomesprestes@gmail.com) on 2021-05-05T01:07:55Z No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO..pdf: 1253778 bytes, checksum: da9bfc4bf9e9f4df9c8945d56cec3584 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ci??ncia Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros PPGCARP (ppgcarpsecretaria@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-05-11T02:14:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO..pdf: 1253778 bytes, checksum: da9bfc4bf9e9f4df9c8945d56cec3584 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-05-11T14:04:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO..pdf: 1253778 bytes, checksum: da9bfc4bf9e9f4df9c8945d56cec3584 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-11T14:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERS??O FINAL DA DISSERTA????O - ARMANDO..pdf: 1253778 bytes, checksum: da9bfc4bf9e9f4df9c8945d56cec3584 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO - ARMANDO.pdf: 403303 bytes, checksum: 5ed5e9b89481189f286901425c6e30a1 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA - ARMANDO.pdf: 373652 bytes, checksum: d9df542fb5148e8329bdf10d95b8d7c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior The particle size of feedstuff can interfere on the physicochemical parameters during the aquafeed extrusion process, influencing the pellet physical quality and, consequently, in the nutrients utilization by the fish. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate different particle size of ingredients in the physical quality of pellets of extruded feed and its impact on the zootechnical performance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) juveniles. Three experimental diets were produced with the same formulation, with different particle sizes of the ingredients: 500; 700 and 1000 ??m. The pellets of the experimental diets were extruded in a 3 mm die and analyzed for moisture, apparent density, buoyancy, expansion rate, water solubility index, water absorption index, durability index of the pellets, water resistance and scanning electron microscopy. For the zootechnical performance experiment, 375 tambaqui juveniles (31.18 ?? 0.27 g) were housed in 15 experimental tanks (1000L) at the density of 25 fish per experimental unit, in a completely randomized design composed of three diets (different particle size of feedstuff: 500; 700 and 1000 ??m) and five replicates each. Fish were fed four times a day (8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 h) until apparent satiety for 56 days. Zootechnical parameters: feed intake, crude protein intake, protein efficiency rate, apparent feed conversion, weight gain, daily weight gain, final weight, final length, relative growth rate, condition factor and survival were evaluated. The results of the physical tests of the feed pellets with different granulometry particle size of the ingredients differed significantly (p0.05). Furthermore, there were similarity between the results, which may have contributed to the same growth performance of tambaqui juveniles. This can be attributed to an average size of the particles of the ingredients that have been subjected to the different grindings. It is recommended the production of extruded feed from ground ingredients with particle size of 1000 ??m for tambaqui juveniles for presenting lower cost in grinding processing. A granulometria dos ingredientes pode interferir nas caracter??sticas f??sico-qu??micas durante o processo de extrus??o das ra????es, influenciando na qualidade f??sica dos p??letes e, consequentemente no aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ra????o pelos peixes. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes granulometrias de ingredientes na qualidade f??sica de p??letes de ra????es extrusadas e o seu impacto no desempenho zoot??cnico de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Foram produzidas 3 dietas experimentais com a mesma formula????o de ingredientes, por??m a partir de diferentes granulometrias: 500; 700 e 1000 ??m. Os p??letes das ra????es experimentais foram extrusados em matriz de 3 mm e analisados quanto ?? umidade, densidade aparente, flutuabilidade, taxa de expans??o, ??ndice de solubilidade em ??gua, ??ndice de absor????o de ??gua, ??ndice de durabilidade dos p??letes, resist??ncia a ??gua e microscopia eletr??nica de varredura. No experimento de desempenho zoot??cnico foram utilizados 375 juvenis de tambaqui (31,18 ?? 0,27 g), distribu??dos em 15 tanques experimentais (1000L) na densidade de 25 peixes por unidade experimental, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) composto por tr??s tratamentos (diferentes granulometrias da ra????o: 500; 700 e 1000 ??m) e cinco repeti????es cada. O arra??oamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia (8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 horas) at?? aparente saciedade durante 56 dias. Foram avaliados os par??metros zoot??cnicos: consumo de ra????o, consumo de prote??na bruta, taxa de efici??ncia proteica, convers??o alimentar aparente, ganho de peso, ganho de peso di??rio, peso final, comprimento final, taxa de crescimento relativo, fator de condi????o e sobreviv??ncia. Os resultados dos testes f??sicos das ra????es com diferentes granulometrias dos ingredientes diferiram significativamente (p0,05). Al??m disso, ?? poss??vel observar similaridade entre os resultados, o que pode ter contribu??do para o mesmo desempenho dos juvenis de tambaqui. Isso pode ser atribu??do a uma proximidade m??dia de tamanho entre as part??culas dos ingredientes que foram submetidos ??s diferentes moagens. Recomenda-se que para a produ????o de juvenis de tambaqui seja utilizada a ra????o extrusada produzida com ingredientes mo??dos com a granulometria de 1000 ??m por apresentar menor custo no processamento de moagem.

Submitted by Hilacy Ara??jo (hilacy.araujo@gmail.com) on 2020-10-01T20:24:29Z No. of bitstreams: 3 CARTA_DE_AUTODEP??SITO.pdf: 505625 bytes, checksum: 402762eda6ffc671508ca61dd990bacb (MD5) Ata de defesa p??blica Minist??rio da Educa????o.pdf: 202744 bytes, checksum: b01e5157d944279bbf972a804a4b43df (MD5) Dissertacao_HilacydeSouzaara??jo_PPGCAN.pdf: 826290 bytes, checksum: 678df71489a45d5a76b612a60c444232 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCAN Ci??ncia Animal (ppgcan.ufam@gmail.com) on 2020-12-10T22:36:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 CARTA_DE_AUTODEP??SITO.pdf: 505625 bytes, checksum: 402762eda6ffc671508ca61dd990bacb (MD5) Ata de defesa p??blica Minist??rio da Educa????o.pdf: 202744 bytes, checksum: b01e5157d944279bbf972a804a4b43df (MD5) Dissertacao_HilacydeSouzaara??jo_PPGCAN.pdf: 826290 bytes, checksum: 678df71489a45d5a76b612a60c444232 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-12-11T02:51:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 CARTA_DE_AUTODEP??SITO.pdf: 505625 bytes, checksum: 402762eda6ffc671508ca61dd990bacb (MD5) Ata de defesa p??blica Minist??rio da Educa????o.pdf: 202744 bytes, checksum: b01e5157d944279bbf972a804a4b43df (MD5) Dissertacao_HilacydeSouzaara??jo_PPGCAN.pdf: 826290 bytes, checksum: 678df71489a45d5a76b612a60c444232 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T02:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 CARTA_DE_AUTODEP??SITO.pdf: 505625 bytes, checksum: 402762eda6ffc671508ca61dd990bacb (MD5) Ata de defesa p??blica Minist??rio da Educa????o.pdf: 202744 bytes, checksum: b01e5157d944279bbf972a804a4b43df (MD5) Dissertacao_HilacydeSouzaara??jo_PPGCAN.pdf: 826290 bytes, checksum: 678df71489a45d5a76b612a60c444232 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-08-28 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior With the increase in the consumption of fish by the population and as the fishing reached its maximum limit, the most viable way to reach the growing demand is through fish farming. However, research must be carried out with a view to improving animal performance and reducing feed costs. The substitution of conventional ingredients denotes a viable option to reduce feed costs. Sorghum without tannin is an energetic ingredient that has nutritional similarity to corn. The present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn by different levels of sorghum without tannin in the diet of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) in zootechnical performance and in the cost of formulating the feed. The experiment was conducted in the Fish Farming Sector of Embrapa Amaz??nia Occidental, Manaus, and Amazonas, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC) in 6 treatments (replacement of corn in 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% by sorghum) x 4 replicates. The experimental units consisted of lots of juvenile tambaqui with 7 fish per 70 L cage with an initial average weight of 30 g and an initial average length of 10 cm, housed in 1,000 L water tanks. Ingredients corn, soybean meal, sorghum without tannin (cultivar BRS 330), common salt, soybean oil, dicalcium phosphate, mineral and vitamin premix. Formulated in the Super Crac version 5.7 program, meeting the requirements of the animals and according to the replacement levels. The fish were fed for 60 days. The zootechnical performance indexes (weight gain (GP), apparent feed conversion (CAA), specific growth rate (TCS) and somatic relationships), measurement of circulating glucose and an exploration of the cost benefit of the formulated feed were evaluated. The results showed that for weight gain, the substitution of 0 to 100% did not present statistical difference. In the liposomal relation parameter, 100% replacement showed less deposition of peritoneal fat. The replacement of 80% of corn by sorghum resulted in a lower production cost, being 27.4% lower compared to the control. The other parameters evaluated showed no statistical difference. It was concluded that sorghum can replace corn in diets for tambaqui juveniles without any negative changes in zootechnical performance, however, the most recommended substitution corresponds to 85%, as it presented better performance, lower production cost and better carcass quality of the fish produced. Com o aumento do consumo de pescado pela popula????o e como a pesca atingiu seu limite m??ximo, a forma mais vi??vel de atingir a crescente demanda ?? atrav??s da piscicultura. No entanto, pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas visando um maior desempenho dos animais e redu????o dos custos com alimenta????o. A substitui????o dos ingredientes convencionais, denota op????o vi??vel para redu????o dos custos com ra????o. O sorgo sem tanino ?? um ingrediente energ??tico que possui similaridade nutricional ao milho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a substitui????o de milho por diferentes n??veis de sorgo sem tanino na dieta de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) no desempenho zoot??cnico e no custo da formula????o das ra????es. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Piscicultura da Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em 6 tratamentos (substitui????o do milho em 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% pelo sorgo) x 4 repeti????es. As unidades experimentais foram constitu??das por lotes de juvenis de tambaqui com 7 peixes por gaiola de 70 L com peso m??dio inicial de 30 g e comprimento m??dio inicial de 10 cm, alojados em caixas d?????gua de 1.000 L. Para preparo das ra????es foram utilizados os ingredientes milho, farelo de soja, sorgo sem tanino (cultivar BRS 330), sal comum, ??leo de soja, fosfato bic??lcico, premix mineral e vitam??nico. Formuladas no programa Super Crac vers??o 5.7, atendendo as exig??ncias dos animais e de acordo com os n??veis de substitui????o. Os peixes foram alimentados por 60 dias. Foram avaliados os ??ndices de desempenho zoot??cnico (ganho de peso (GP), convers??o alimentar aparente (CAA), taxa de crescimento especifico (TCE) e as rela????es som??ticas), aferi????o da glicose circulante e uma explora????o do custo benef??cio da ra????o formulada. Os resultados demonstraram que para ganho de peso a substitui????o de 0 a 100% n??o apresentou diferen??a estat??stica. No par??metro rela????o lipossom??tica, 100% de substitui????o apresentou menor deposi????o de gordura peritoneal. A substitui????o de 80% do milho pelo sorgo culminou em um menor custo de produ????o, sendo 27,4% inferior comparado ao controle. Os outros par??metros avaliados n??o apresentaram diferen??a estat??stica. Concluiu-se que o sorgo pode substituir o milho em dietas para juvenis de tambaqui sem quaisquer altera????es negativas no desempenho zoot??cnico, no entanto, a substitui????o mais recomendada corresponde a 85%, pois apresentou melhor desempenho, menor custo de produ????o e melhor qualidade da carca??a do peixe produzido. Ficou confuso a necessidade ou n??o da licen??a Creative Commons. Infelizmente passei por muitas dificuldades para a conclus??o dessa pesquisa de disserta????o. A realiza????o do presente trabalho foi a terceira tentativa de execu????o do experimento de mestrado, com tem??ticas bastante distintas. A apresenta????o dos resultados da pesquisa foram desfalcados pelas an??lises sangu??neas perdidas ap??s a coleta e os dados das an??lises de histologia foram comprometidos devido as paralisa????es pela pandemia do Covid. No entanto, os dados de desempenho zoot??cnico foram expressivos e in??ditos com o uso do sorgo sem tanino para tambaqui.

Submitted by Celso Scherer Filho (celso.sch.filho@gmail.com) on 2020-04-13T16:09:37Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o final Celso Scherer Filho autodeposito.pdf: 1704657 bytes, checksum: 90158f9601e8a4f0c5450c403cf16b00 (MD5) Carta_Encaminhamento_Autodeposito_Celso_Scherer_Filho_orientadora.pdf: 256246 bytes, checksum: 75865c26a140e614d6128a21ae0255f6 (MD5) Ata de defesa de disserta????o.jpg: 282113 bytes, checksum: f4ee4b7c61ab2fcd1a49580f2ca59389 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCAN Ci??ncia Animal (ppgcan.ufam@gmail.com) on 2020-05-29T22:23:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o final Celso Scherer Filho autodeposito.pdf: 1704657 bytes, checksum: 90158f9601e8a4f0c5450c403cf16b00 (MD5) Carta_Encaminhamento_Autodeposito_Celso_Scherer_Filho_orientadora.pdf: 256246 bytes, checksum: 75865c26a140e614d6128a21ae0255f6 (MD5) Ata de defesa de disserta????o.jpg: 282113 bytes, checksum: f4ee4b7c61ab2fcd1a49580f2ca59389 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-05-30T02:32:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o final Celso Scherer Filho autodeposito.pdf: 1704657 bytes, checksum: 90158f9601e8a4f0c5450c403cf16b00 (MD5) Carta_Encaminhamento_Autodeposito_Celso_Scherer_Filho_orientadora.pdf: 256246 bytes, checksum: 75865c26a140e614d6128a21ae0255f6 (MD5) Ata de defesa de disserta????o.jpg: 282113 bytes, checksum: f4ee4b7c61ab2fcd1a49580f2ca59389 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-30T02:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta????o final Celso Scherer Filho autodeposito.pdf: 1704657 bytes, checksum: 90158f9601e8a4f0c5450c403cf16b00 (MD5) Carta_Encaminhamento_Autodeposito_Celso_Scherer_Filho_orientadora.pdf: 256246 bytes, checksum: 75865c26a140e614d6128a21ae0255f6 (MD5) Ata de defesa de disserta????o.jpg: 282113 bytes, checksum: f4ee4b7c61ab2fcd1a49580f2ca59389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-20 The matrinx?? (Brycon amazonicus) has excellent production characteristics, however the high cost of the feed remains an obstacle for fish farming. One of the alternatives to make your production cheaper is the use of unconventional ingredients in the feed. Sugarcane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), residue from sugar and alcohol industries is a good option. The aim of this study was to determine the best level of inclusion of sugarcane yeast in matrinx?? ration due to the influence on zootechnical performance, feed and production costs, hematological responses and resistance to the induced by the bacterial challenge. The study was conducted at the Fish Farming Sector of Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Six experimental isonitrogenated and isoenergetic diets with levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of yeast inclusion were elaborated. Fish with an initial average weight of 10.5 ?? 0.4 g were used, allocated in a system of 70 L boxes in a system of water renewal and aeration by means of a radial compressor, with four repetitions per treatment and 15 fish per repetition, they were fed for a period of 60 days. Survival, feed intake, final weight, weight gain, apparent feed conversion and specific growth rate were evaluated. In the final biometry, three fish per repetition were anesthetized, where blood was collected by puncturing the caudal vessel and then were slaughtered to collect data on vicerosomatic relationships, hepatosomatic relationships and visceral fat indexes. The rest of the fish were submitted to a bacterial challenge with 1 mL of a solution containing the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila per fish, at a concentration of 1.14x108 bacteria. mL-1 by intraperitoneal injection, where survival was observed for a period of 96 hours. All treatments, before the bacterial challenge, showed survival above 90% and the inclusion of up to 40% yeast in the diet did not show significant differences in the final weight, weight gain, apparent feed conversion and in the specific growth rate and with based on the polynomial regression, the level of 35.6% of yeast in the feed showed the lowest production cost. In addition, the inclusion of up to 30% yeast reduced mortality in the bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila. In blood analyzes, only the number of erythrocytes showed changes between treatments. No treatment showed changes in the vicerosomatic relationship, hepatosomatic relationship and visceral fat index. O matrinx?? (Brycon amazonicus) apresenta ??timas caracter??sticas de produ????o, entretanto o alto custo com a ra????o continua sendo um entrave para a piscicultura. Uma das alternativas para baratear sua produ????o ?? a utiliza????o de ingredientes n??o convencionais na ra????o. A levedura de cana-de-a????car (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), res??duo de ind??strias sucroalcooleiras ?? uma boa op????o. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor n??vel de inclus??o de levedura de cana-de-a????car na ra????o de matrinx?? em decorr??ncia da influ??ncia no desempenho zoot??cnico, nos custos das ra????es e de produ????o, das respostas hematol??gicas e pela resist??ncia ao induzido pelo desafio bacteriano. O estudo foi conduzido no Setor de Piscicultura da Embrapa Amaz??nia Ocidental, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram elaboradas seis ra????es experimentais isonitrogenadas e isoenerg??ticas com n??veis de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50% de inclus??o da levedura. Foram utilizados peixes com peso m??dio inicial de 10,5 ?? 0,4 g alocados em sistema de caixas de 70 L em sistema de renova????o de ??gua e aera????o por meio de compressor radial, com quatro repeti????es por tratamento e 15 peixes por repeti????o, alimentados por um per??odo de 60 dias. Foram avaliados a sobreviv??ncia, consumo de ra????o, peso final, ganho de peso, convers??o alimentar aparente e taxa de crescimento espec??fico. Na biometria final, tr??s peixes por repeti????o foram anestesiados, onde o sangue foi coletado por pun????o vaso caudal e em seguida foram abatidos para coleta de dados sobre as rela????es vicerossom??ticas, rela????es hepatossom??ticas e ??ndices de gordura visceral. O restante dos peixes foi submetido a um desafio bacteriano com 1 mL de solu????o contendo a bact??ria Aeromonas hydrophila por peixe, na concentra????o de 1,14x108 bact??rias.mL-1 por inje????o intraperitoneal, a sobreviv??ncia foi observada por um per??odo de 96 horas. Todos os tratamentos, antes do desafio bacteriano, apresentaram sobreviv??ncia acima de 90% e a inclus??o de at?? 40% de levedura na ra????o n??o apresentou diferen??as significativa no peso final, ganho de peso, convers??o alimentar aparente e na taxa de crescimento espec??fico e com base na regress??o polinomial, o n??vel de 35,6% de levedura na ra????o apresentou o menor custo de produ????o. Al??m disso, a inclus??o de at?? 30% de levedura reduziu a mortalidade no desafio bacteriano com A. hydrophila. Nas an??lises sangu??neas, apenas o n??mero de eritr??citos apresentou altera????es entre os tratamentos. Nenhum tratamento apresentou altera????es nas rela????es vicerossom??ticas, rela????es hepatossom??ticas e nos ??ndices de gordura visceral.

Submitted by Thiago Santana (thi_03@hotmail.com) on 2019-03-27T20:56:15Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Carta de Autodep??sito.pdf: 307686 bytes, checksum: 0d7ada4144856f14fbe65ee389123783 (MD5) Ata de defesa.pdf: 371371 bytes, checksum: 26eb13ca54e1c60ead431f0284d2afa6 (MD5) Disserta????o_Thiago Macedo Santana.pdf: 924253 bytes, checksum: 47e7e90d20daed02fadbbcdcd21f6f86 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGCAN Ci??ncia Animal (ppgcan.ufam@gmail.com) on 2019-04-05T14:01:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Carta de Autodep??sito.pdf: 307686 bytes, checksum: 0d7ada4144856f14fbe65ee389123783 (MD5) Ata de defesa.pdf: 371371 bytes, checksum: 26eb13ca54e1c60ead431f0284d2afa6 (MD5) Disserta????o_Thiago Macedo Santana.pdf: 924253 bytes, checksum: 47e7e90d20daed02fadbbcdcd21f6f86 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-04-05T16:02:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Carta de Autodep??sito.pdf: 307686 bytes, checksum: 0d7ada4144856f14fbe65ee389123783 (MD5) Ata de defesa.pdf: 371371 bytes, checksum: 26eb13ca54e1c60ead431f0284d2afa6 (MD5) Disserta????o_Thiago Macedo Santana.pdf: 924253 bytes, checksum: 47e7e90d20daed02fadbbcdcd21f6f86 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-05T16:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Carta de Autodep??sito.pdf: 307686 bytes, checksum: 0d7ada4144856f14fbe65ee389123783 (MD5) Ata de defesa.pdf: 371371 bytes, checksum: 26eb13ca54e1c60ead431f0284d2afa6 (MD5) Disserta????o_Thiago Macedo Santana.pdf: 924253 bytes, checksum: 47e7e90d20daed02fadbbcdcd21f6f86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-21 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas 92991478656 Inadequate stocking density in fish larviculture can cause dominance behavior that harms the feeding, resulting in stress, high number of heterogeneous fish and low productive rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on growth performance, cortisol plasmatic level and partial cost of pirarucu larviculture production. We used 900 pirarucu larvae (1.32 ?? 0.25 g; 5.90 ?? 0.33 cm) trained to feed inert diet. Fish were stocked at densities of 400; 800; 1200; 1600 and 2000 larvae.m-3 and housed in 15 tanks (50 l; n = 3), in a recirculating water system and constant aeration in a completely randomized design. Larvae were fed with extruded commercial diet (45% of crude protein; Nutripiscis STARTER ??? Presence??, 0.8 mm) in the proportion of 10% of the biomass, divided into eight meals a day, for 30 days. At the end of the trial period, fish were measured and weighed; four fish per tank were euthanized for analysis of plasma cortisol. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Finally, the partial cost of pirarucu larviculture production was calculated. Pirarucu larvae kept in density of 400 larvae.m-3 showed high mortality rate (76.67%), with the poorest results in productivity and highest production cost. Fish reared in the density of 2000 larvae.m-3 presented voracity during feeding, survival rate of 93.33%, and the highest zootechnical performance: final weight (12.16 ?? 0.89 g), weight gain (10.84 ?? 0.89 g) and relative growth rate (7.69 ?? 0.26%). The relation between stocking density and cortisol levels was inversely proportional, indicating higher levels of stress for fish reared at low density (400 larvae.m-3), which reflected on the zootechnical parameters as the final weight (6.41 ?? 0.77 g), weight gain (5.09 ?? 0.76 g) and relative growth rate (4.61 ?? 1.28%). Larvae stocked at 2000 larvae.m-3 showed reduced production cost (R$ 6.54) and consequently higher revenues per larvae (R$ 5.42). For pirarucu larviculture (5-10 cm), we recommend to use 2000 larvae.m-3, which results in higher survival and growth performance, obtaining higher and homogeneous fish with a lower production cost. A densidade de estocagem inadequada na piscicultura pode provocar o comportamento de domin??ncia que prejudica a alimenta????o, resultando em estresse, lotes de peixes heterog??neos e baixos ??ndices produtivos. O objetivo com esse estudo foi avaliar a densidade de estocagem sobre o desempenho zoot??cnico, n??vel de cortisol plasm??tico e custo de produ????o parcial na larvicultura intensiva de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Foram utilizadas 900 larvas (1,32 ?? 0,25 g; 5,90 ?? 0,33 cm) de pirarucu treinadas a se alimentarem com ra????o. Os peixes foram estocados nas densidades de 400; 800; 1200; 1600 e 2000 larvas.m-3. E alojados em 15 tanques (50L; n=3), inserido a um sistema de recircula????o de ??gua e aera????o constante, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As larvas foram alimentadas com ra????o comercial extrusada (45% Prote??na Bruta; Nutripiscis STARTER ??? Presence??, 0,8mm) na propor????o de 10% da biomassa, divididas em oito refei????es di??rias durante 30 dias. Ao t??rmino do per??odo experimental, os peixes foram medidos e pesados; quatro peixes por tanque foram eutanasiados para an??lise do cortisol plasm??tico. Os dados foram submetidos a One-way ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Por ??ltimo, foi quantificado o custo parcial da larvicultura intensiva com diferentes densidades. Os peixes mantidos na densidade 400 larvas.m-3 apresentaram alta taxa de mortalidade (76,67%), com os menores resultados de produtividade, resultando em alto custo de produ????o. Os animais mantidos na densidade de 2000 larvas.m-3 apresentaram maior voracidade durante as alimenta????es com taxa de sobreviv??ncia de 93,33%, e melhores resultados de desempenho zoot??cnico: peso final (12,16 ?? 0,89 g), ganho de peso (10,84 ?? 0,89 g) e taxa de crescimento relativo (7,69 ?? 0,26%). A rela????o entre a densidade de estocagem e concentra????o de cortisol foi inversamente proporcional, indicando maiores n??veis de estresse para os peixes criados em baixa densidade (400 larvas.m-3), o que refletiu nos par??metros zoot??cnicos como o peso final (6,41 ?? 0,77 g), o ganho de peso (5,09 ?? 0,76 g) e taxa de crescimento relativo (4,61 ?? 1,28%). Larvas mantidas na densidade 2000 larvas.m-3 apresentaram menor custo de produ????o (R$ 6,54) e consequentemente maior receita l??quida por larva (R$ 5,42). Para fase de recria alimentar (5-10 cm), recomenda-se a utiliza????o 2000 larvas.m-3, para se obter maior sobreviv??ncia, peixes maiores e mais homog??neos com menor custo de produ????o por larva produzida.