Search

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses gene editing techniques and lentiviral transduction to engineer T cells so that they can effectively kill tumors. However, CAR T cell therapy still has some drawbacks: many patients who received CAR T cell therapy and achieve remission, still had tumor relapse and treatment resistance, which may be due to tumor immune escape and CAR T cell dysfunction. To overcome tumor relapse, more researches are being done to optimize CAR T cell therapy to make it more precise and personalized, including screening for more specific tumor antigens, developing novel CAR T cells, and combinatorial treatment approaches. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms as well as the progress of research on overcoming plans.

Thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) gene tms5 is most widely used in the two-line hybrid breeding system in China. To develop novel rice thermo-sensitive male sterile lines, we knocked out the TMS5 genes of six elite japonica and four indica rice varieties by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. By analyzing the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CIST) of the newly TGMS lines, it was found that the CIST of japonica TGMS lines ZG75S, CYGS, YG0618S, ZG07S, T0361S, and 7679S were between 28°C and 32°C, the CIST of indica TGMS lines 2537S, 6150S and 6379S were between 24°C and 28°C, and the CIST of indica TGMS line 1109S was lower than 23.5°C. These results indicated that the CIST of tms5 mutant from different genetic background materials was different. The TGMS lines with lower CIST could be obtained by knocking out the TMS5 from different genetic background materials. A hybrid rice combination 1109S / 8048 had high quality and high yield. The yield of 1109S/8048 was 13.1% higher than that of Fengliangyou 4. The creation of the TGMS 1109S and the high-yield cross combination 1109S/8048 provides a new way for high-yield breeding.

The grate-rotary kiln pellet process of chromite concentrate, which is not only complying with the chrome ore agglomeration process, but also meeting the development of grate-rotary kiln pelletizing technology, and is an effective mearsure of increasing use of high-carbon ferrochrome as well. In this work, aiming at study on grate-rotary kiln pellets of 0.3Mtpa chromite concentrate’s mass balance calculations, the results show when the material is in the specific surface area of 1700cm2/g, the compressive strength of 11 N per pellet, drop number of 5 times from 0.5m height and cracking temperature of 435°C are achieved, especially cracking temperature is higher than the highest temperature of grate DDD 400°C. Measuring and calculation of dehydration loss, ash content and bulk material loss, as well as reduction loss and oxidation loss of coke powder of the green pellet are achieved. The reduction degrees of FeO and Cr2O3 are 68.06% and 52.24% respectively, and comprehensive reduction degree is 58.52%. In this research, the mass balance table of payments of the grate-rotary kiln system is listed, and a detailed mass balance diagram is also obtained.

Ability to improve cooling system, avoid untimely damage of BF lining and coolers, reduce maintenance frequency and prolong maintenance period during the furnace campaign, it is imperative for BF longevity. Describe development of cooling system, illustrate economic rationality and safe reliability of closed loop soft water cooling system, stress equipments, process, design, system measurement and control on closed loop soft water cooling system for Shougang Qiangang No.3 BF. Take full account of BF working condition, lining structure and corrosion mechanism, combine actual investment, choose advanced and rational coolers; develop segmentation design for cooling system, strengthen BF cooling effectively, boost system steering rate in order to reduce temperature of brick lining, prolong lifetime of brick lining, keep the lining integrity, maintain rational furnace profile, ensure BF production and longevity.

Objective: To investigate the effects of intraperitoneal hydrogen (H2) injection on the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in a rabbit model of limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced skeletal muscle injury. Methods: To establish the hind limb I/R animal model, 30 rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Sham, I/R and IRH. An intraperitoneal injection of H2 was given to the IRH group, while an equivalent amount of air was given to the Sham and I/R groups. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post reperfusion, the serum MDA level, as well as the skeletal muscle iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression levels, were determined Results: Both iNOS mRNA expression and serum MDA levels were higher in the I/R group than the Sham group (P < 0.01) and lower in the IRH group than the I/R group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) at various time points after reperfusion. The eNOS mRNA expression level exhibited no significant difference between the I/R and Sham groups following reperfusion but was significantly higher in the IRH group than in the Sham group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusions: During the I/R process, the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regulated along with an increase in MDA. Intraperitoneal injection of H2 could down-regulate iNOS mRNA expression and up-regulate eNOS mRNA expression in the I/R process, suggesting a protective effect of H2 in I/R-induced skeletal muscle injury.

Transpalpebral or trans-eyelid approach is a modified trans-orbital access to lesions of anterior cranial fossa and sellar region. But whether this approach is also suitable for tumors extending laterally to the temporal lobe or middle cranial fossa is not clarified. We would like to share our experiences from the cadaveric anatomy study to clinical operations. We used 5 cadavers to study trans-eyelid approaches in a step-by-step fashion. And then assisted by an experienced ophthalmologist for incisions, we treated 3 female patients via this approach: One with spheno-orbital meningioma, one with sellar tuberculum meningioma, and the other with medial sphenoidal wing meningioma. After studying the cadavers, we made several revisions to the previously reported approach: 1) move the incision close to the edge of the eyelid, which resembled the double-eyelid incision. 2) A vascularized periosteum flap was dissected for repairing the opened frontal sinus and reconstruction of the skull base. 3) The dura was sutured up with a slice of temporalis muscle. Then we treated 3 patients by this approach. All tumors were totally resected as Simpson Grade I. Complications included orbital apex syndrome and transient oculomotor paralysis because of tumor invasion into orbit and cavernous sinus. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage. We find that trans-eyelid approach is suitable for lesions not only at anterior cranial base or sellar region, but also extending to middle cranial base, especially around sphenoidal wings within 2 cm range or spheno-orbital region. Thus, we propose whether it appropriate to nominate this approach as ‘trans-eyelid pterional approach’, since it may treat some anterior and middle cranial fossa lesions with a mini-craniotomy around pterion.

To date, there are no effective treatments for extremity ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The objective of the present study was to explore the protective effect of Mailuoning on IR injury by investigating the plasma levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-PGF2α) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rabbits.The experimental models of posterior limb IR injury were established in thirty rabbits that were divided into three groups: the sham, IR, and IR + Mailuoning groups. At the end of ischemia, Mailuoning was injected intravenously into the rabbits in the IR + Mailuoning group, and normal saline solution was administered to the rabbits in the sham and IR groups. Venous blood samples were collected to measure the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and the activity of SOD in the plasma at the following time points: at the onset of ischemia, the end of ischemia, and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. The skeletal muscles were harvested to examine the ultrastructure.The levels of 8-iso-PGF2α increased significantly and SOD activity decreased in the IR group at every time point after reperfusion (P 0.01 or P 0.05). In contrast, the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and SOD activity were not significantly different after reperfusion in the IR + Mailuoning group (P 0.05) but were significantly different compared with the IR group (P 0.01). Using electron microscopy, the skeletal muscle injury was shown to be milder in the IR+ Mailuoning group after reperfusion compared with the IR group.The Mailuoning is capable of decreasing the excessive production of 8-iso-PGF2α and protecting SOD activity, thereby exhibiting a protective effect on extremity IR injury.

Meningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010.This study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized.The female:male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34:1. The mean age was 51.4 years (range, 11 months-86 years). The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas (P0.001, Fisher's Least Significant Digit test). There was a significantly higher female:male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas (2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P0.001, χ(2) test). Meningothelial (n = 2061) and fibrous meningiomas (n = 3556) were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site (38.33%, n = 2722). Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series.Female predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade I meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common meningioma location.

Secretory meningioma (SM) is a rare, benign subtype of meningioma. Between January 2005 and December 2010, 70 SMs were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, radiological and immunohistochemical findings, and patient outcome to discuss the specific features of SMs. Cranial base preference, hyper-signal in T2 weighted MR image, “xenon light” gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement were frequently observed in the 70 cases. Non-skull base SMs, which received more complete resection (p

The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions (Singapore) had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection.Brain computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed.For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes.According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.