Search

We investigated the effect of epicyanohydrin as an additive to a LiPF6 salt–based electrolyte in 1:1:1 EC:EMC:DMC for high-power lithium-ion batteries operated at 60°C. Epicyanohydrin polymerized to form a thermally stable, thin, conductive, and evenly distributed protective film on the cathode surface, preventing dissolution of the cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and suppressing interfacial impedance, thereby protecting the surface from further reaction with the electrolyte at 60°C. The cycling performance of the cathode materials with the additive was enhanced due to the formation of an epicyanohydrin-derived polymer solid electrolyte interface (SEI).

Recently, parallel processing methods with accelerator have been introduced into a high performance computing and a mobile computing. The photomosaic application can be parallelized by using inherent data parallelism and accelerator. In this paper, we propose a way to distribute the workload of the photomosaic application into a CPU and GPU heterogeneous computing environment. That is, the photomosaic application is parallelized using both CPU and GPU resource with the asynchronous mode of OpenCL, and then the optimal workload distribution rate is estimated by measuring the execution time with CPU-only and GPU-only distribution rates. The proposed approach is simple but very effective, and can be applied to parallelize other applications on a CPU and GPU heterogeneous computing environment. Based on the experimental results, we confirm that the performance is improved by 141% into a heterogeneous computing environment with the optimal workload distribution compared with using GPU-only method.Keywords:Heterogeneous Computing, OpenCL, Photomosaic

Early detection of oestrus in Korean cows is one of the important issues in maximizing the economic benefit. Although various methods have been proposed, we still need to improve the performance of the oestrus detection system. In this paper, we propose a video surveillance system which can detect unusual behavior of multiple cows including the mounting activity. The unusual behavior detection is to detect the dangerous or abnormal situations of cows in video coming in real time from a surveillance camera promptly and correctly. The prototype system for unusual behavior detection gets an input video from a fixed location camera, and uses the motion vector to represent the motion information of cows in video, and finally selects a SVDD (one of the most well-known types of one-class SVM) as a detector by reinterpreting the unusual behavior into an one class decision problem from the practical points of view. The experimental results with the videos obtained from a farm located in Jinju illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Recently, as traffic flooding attacks such as DoS/DDoS and Internet Worm have posed devastating threats to network services, rapid detection and proper response mechanisms are the major concern for secure and reliable network services. However, most of the current Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) focus on detail analysis of packet data, which results in late detection and a high system burden to cope with high-speed network traffic. In this paper we propose an SNMP-based lightweight and fast detection algorithm for traffic flooding attacks, which minimizes the processing and network overhead of the detection system, minimizes the detection time, and provides high detection rate. The attack detection algorithm consists of three consecutive stages. The first stage determines the detection timing using the update interval of SNMP MIB. The second stage analyzes attack symptoms based on correlations of MIB data. The third stage determines whether an attack occurs or not and figure out the attack type in case of attack.

Recently, as network flooding attacks such as DoS/DDoS and Internet Worm have posed devastating threats to network services, rapid detection and proper response mechanisms are the major concern for secure and reliable network services. However, most of the current Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs) focus on detail analysis of packet data, which results in late detection and a high system burden to cope with high-speed network environment. In this paper we propose a lightweight and fast detection mechanism for traffic flooding attacks. Firstly, we use SNMP MIB statistical data gathered from SNMP agents, instead of raw packet data from network links. Secondly, we use a machine learning approach based on a Support Vector Machine(SVM) for attack classification. Using MIB and SVM, we achieved fast detection with high accuracy, the minimization of the system burden, and extendibility for system deployment. The proposed mechanism is constructed in a hierarchical structure, which first distinguishes attack traffic from normal traffic and then determines the type of attacks in detail. Using MIB data sets collected from real experiments involving a DDoS attack, we validate the possibility of our approaches. It is shown that network attacks are detected with high efficiency, and classified with low false alarms.

The exclusive formation of cyclopentenones (via path B) was observed in molybdenum hexacarbonyl (10 mol %) catalyzed Pauson–Khand reactions of 1,6-allenynes under 1 atm of CO (balloon) without any substitutent effect.

In this paper, we propose a novel improved algorithm for the rectangular decomposition technique for the purpose of performing data mining from large scaled database in a dynamic environment. The proposed algorithm performs the rectangular decompositions by transforming a binary matrix to bipartite graph and finding bicliques from the transformed bipartite graph. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we compare the proposed one which is based on the newly derived mathematical properties with those of other methods with respect to the classification rate, the number of rules, and complexity analysis.

Cyclopropane, Fused hydrocarbon, Energy, FuelMajor increases in liquid-fueled propulsion performancehave occurred in the past 100 years since the Wright brothersfirst flew in 1903. The fuel parameters most relevant to gasturbine engines and vehicle performances are the heat ofcombustion on a mass basis in air and the density.

Pd-catalyzed cyclizations of 1,n-allenynecarboxylates have been found to exhibit three different cyclization modes: cycloreduction, arylative cyclization, and [2+2] cycloaddition depending on the reaction conditions.

In this study, we formulated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN) for co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and siRNA. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine-based cSLN were prepared by emulsification solidification methods. PTX-loaded cSLN (PcSLN) were characterized by zeta potential and gel retardation of complexes with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The sizes of PcSLN did not significantly differ from those of empty cSLN without PTX (EcSLN). The use of cSLN increased the cellular uptake of fluorescent dsRNA in human epithelial carcinoma KB cells, with PcSLN complexed to fluorescence-labeled dsRNA promoting the greatest uptake. For co-delivery of therapeutic siRNA, human MCL1-specific siRNA (siMCL1) was complexed with PcSLN; luciferase-specific siRNA (siGL2) complexed to EcSLN or PcSLN was used as a control. MCL1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in KB cells treated with siMCL1 complexed to PcSLN, but not in groups treated with siMCL alone or siGL2 complexed to PcSLN. siMCL1 complexed to PcSLN exerted the greatest in vitro anticancer effects in KB cells, followed by siMCL1 complexed to EcSLN, siGL2 complexed to PcSLN, PTX alone, and siMCL1 alone. In KB cell-xenografted mice, intratumoral injection of PcSLN complexed to siMCL1 significantly reduced the growth of tumors. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of cSLN for the development of co-delivery systems of various lipophilic anticancer drugs and therapeutic siRNAs.

Rupture of the heart as a complication of myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of in-hospital mortality. Rupture of the free wall of the ventricle or interventricular septum has a poor prognosis when treated conservatively. So, rupture of the heart after infarction requires prompt diagnosis and early surgical repair despite the high overall incidence of early operative mortality before hemodynamic deterioration and multiorgan failures develop. Rupture of the left ventricle results in pseudoaneurysm if the overlying pericardium adhers to the surface of the heart. Pseudoaneurysms which rarely develop after infarction, tend to rupture. Their presence alone is an indicator for operation because of the very poor prognosis following rupture. We experienced successful management of 2 rare complications after acute myocardial infarction: ventricular septal defect and pseudoaneurysm. The first patient was a 49-year-old man who had an apical septal defect. His electrocardiogram showed Q wave in leads V2-V6, II, III, and aVF but a coronary angiogram showed normal findings. He was successfully treated by patch closure of the septal defect. The second patient was a 65-year-old female who had false aneurysm of the left ventricle. She had neither chest pain nor abnormality on the electrocardiogram. A coronary angiogram showed complete occlusion of the distal circumflex artery. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, the neck of the aneurysmal sac was successfully closed with a prolene suture.

[structure: see text]. We have discovered a new method employing Pd-catalyzed cycloreduction of conjugated enynals 1 bearing an alkyne unit leading to the corresponding 2-(2-methylenecycloalkyl)-furans 2a-j and a related compound 7 in good to excellent yields.

Pd-catalyzed cycloreduction of enediyne 3 successfully afforded the linear triquinane skeleton 4. Total synthesis of (′)-ceratopicanol was accomplished using additional eight-step transformations starting from 4.

The palladium-catalyzed cycloreduction of 5-allen-1-ynes gave the corresponding 1,2-bisalkylidenecyclopentanes in excellent chemoselectivity and chemical yields. Incorporating an electron-withdrawing group at the acetylenic position showed to be better substrates for the present cycloreduction.

[reaction: see text] Unusual palladium-catalyzed arylative fragmentations of acyclic 3-allen-1-ols were observed. Oxidative addition of Pd(0) to aryl halides would form the arylpalladium halides, which added to the central carbon of allenes via carbopalladation to form the pi-allylpalladium intermediates. The pi-allylpalladium intermediates would be reductively eliminated via carbon-carbon cleavage to give the arylated dienes and the alpha-hydroxyalkylpalladium intermediates, which were further reductively eliminated to the corresponding aldehydes.

SummaryFormation of cellular aggregates by rat, mouse, hamster, and human transformed cells was compared to aggregate formation by untransformed control cells. Viability and proliferation of cells in the aggregate form were found to correlate well with tumorigenic potential regardless of the method of transformation (spontaneous, chemical, or virus-induced). This assay has the potential for a fast and accurate means of evaluating in vitro transformation.

A cell line derived from a normal beagle embryo was treated in vitro with various levels of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or dimethyl sulfoxide (control). Cells treated only with the carcinogen underwent morphologic alteration in vitro, and one of these altered cell lines produced tumors sub-cutaneously when injected into NIH nude mice. The tumorigenic transformed line formed larger cell aggregates and grew in this aggregate form when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base.