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【Objective】 Understanding the variation in ecological environmental quality in a region is a prerequisite for developing sustainable economy but challenging at large scales. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of remote sensing to monitor and analyze ecological environment quality in a region clustered by metropolitan cities in a central plain in the middle reach of the Yellow River Basin. 【Method】 Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing imageries from 1985 to 2021 were used in the analysis. The improved remote sensing ecological index (ERSEI) method combined with the Google Earth Engine was used to construct the remote-sensing monitoring and analysis system for ecological environment quality in the region. The Theil-Sen trend analysis method and the Mann-Kendall test were used to analyze the direction and significance of the variation in ERSEI. 【Result】 From 1985 to 2021, the average ecological environment quality in the region increased from 0.48 to 0.62. Spatially, ERSEI was high in the periphery of the region and low in the middle. In particular, ERSEI was low in the west, center and southwest of the region, and relatively high in the south and northeast of the region. During the studied period, most areas in the region had seen an improved ERSEI. Areas in the region that had seen a significant increase in ERSEI accounted for 11.48% of total area, while those having seen a decrease in ERSEI account for 5.76% of total area. The areas without seeing a significant degradation in ecological environmental quality accounted for approximately 17.7% of total area; approximately 33.16% of areas in the region remained unchanged in its ecological and environmental quality from 1985 to 2021. 【Conclusion】 From 1985 to 2021, urbanization and the consequent decrease in arable land had led to a deterioration in ecological environmental quantity in the region. Factors including urbanization, increased construction land and heat islands resulted in a significant degradation in ecological environmental quality.

With the Internet and AI technology development, piano education in colleges and universities faces innovative challenges. This study explores the effectiveness of the Internet-based teaching mode in enhancing students’ music appreciation ability. The study adopts a teaching model based on the Internet and AI technology, combining automatic composition, arranging and piano concerto repertoire sessions, and AI+professional teachers’ collaborative evaluation. By implementing a creative thinking teaching module, including pre-course preparation, classroom training and presentation, and post-course communication, the study aimed to improve students’ music appreciation and creative thinking skills. The study results showed that students demonstrated significant improvement in music appreciation skills. The data showed that students who participated in the new teaching model showed an average of 25% improvement in music appreciation skills assessment. In addition, students’ creative thinking skills were also enhanced, with 85% of them demonstrating a high level of innovative music composition. The college piano education model integrating Internet and AI technologies significantly improves students’ music appreciation ability and creative thinking. This model enhances the interactivity and fun of teaching, provides students with a broader platform for musical understanding and practice, and offers new perspectives and methods for music education in colleges and universities.

The following authors were omitted from the original version of this Data Descriptor: Markus Reichstein and Nicolas Vuichard. Both contributed to the code development and N. Vuichard contributed to the processing of the ERA-Interim data downscaling. Furthermore, the contribution of the co-author Frank Tiedemann was re-evaluated relative to the colleague Corinna Rebmann, both working at the same sites, and based on this re-evaluation a substitution in the co-author list is implemented (with Rebmann replacing Tiedemann). Finally, two affiliations were listed incorrectly and are corrected here (entries 190 and 193). The author list and affiliations have been amended to address these omissions in both the HTML and PDF versions.

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

Background: The discovery and development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have resulted in their application as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, a comprehensive analysis of the potential adverse effects of ICIs in patients with SCLC remains to be conducted. Methods: Adverse event (ADE) reports relating to SCLC patients, submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the first quarter of 2013 to the second quarter of 2022, were extracted for analysis. The extracted data were subsequently screened and analyzed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method to assess the AE reports. Results: A total of 4,522 ADE reports were obtained from patients with SCLC who had received either chemotherapy alone or a combination of ICIs with chemotherapy. The ROR analysis identified a total of 91 immune-related adverse events in SCLC patients associated with the ICIs (SCLC-irAEs). Conclusion: This study revealed that the adverse effects resulting from irAEs in SCLC patients predominantly affected the hematologic and gastrointestinal systems, with the most severe cases potentially leading to fatality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensionally stable and high strength Polyimide(PI)/nKevlar composite aerogels are fabricated by the inclusion of nano Kevlar fibers with PI precursor polyamide acid via solution mixing and subsequent vacuum drying. The rigid macromolecular structure of nKevlars and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding result in lower shrinkage/density and larger porosity. The PI/nKevlar composite aerogels demonstrate a 23.4% reduction in the linear shrinkage. Compared with pure polyimide aerogel, the friction coefficient and wear rate of composite aerogel decreased significantly, with the dry friction wear rate of the PI/nKevlar‐1.0 reduced by 34.14% and the friction coefficient of the oil‐containing aerogel reduced by 28.29% ascribing to the increased loading bearing of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study explored the effects of stand density of Caragana korshinskii plantation on species diversity and soil physical properties of herbaceous communities in sandy areas and determined the optimal stand density to provide references for better ecological service function. [Method] In Dalat Banner plantation of Ordos in the middle of Kubuqi Desert, Caragana korshinskii plantations with same site conditions, similar age and different stand densities were selected as the research objects. Woodlands with stand densities of 2 880-3 200 plants/hm² (I), 1 800-2 000 plants/hm² (II), 1 080-1 200 plants/hm² (III) and 720-800 plants/hm² (IV) were selected and compared with bare sandy land (CK). Species diversity of understory was characterized by herb community diversity.Height, cover and canopy width of plants in different stands were recorded.Soil water content, volume mass, field water capacity and total porosity were measured at soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm by five-point sampling method.Correlations between plant community species diversity and soil physical properties were analyzed by redundancy analysis, and the principal components were used to evaluate Caragana korshinskii plantations. [Result] (1) There were 20 species of herbaceous plants, mainly Compositae.With the decrease of stand density, the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices of herbaceous communities under Caragana korshinskii stand first increased and then decreased, and the order were in the order of III>IV>II> I>CK, while the Peilou evenness index showed no significant difference from CK. (2) Soil water content, total porosity and field water capacity of Caragana korshinskii plantation reached the peak values of 5.10%, 30.77% and 19.16% at density III.There was no significant difference in soil volume and mass among different plots (P>0.05). There were significant differences in soil moisture content between 0-40 cm and 40-80 cm soil layers (P<0.05).With the deepening of soil layer, volume quality of soil increased. (3) There were certain correlations between species diversity indices and soil physical properties in each density plot. (4) Comprehensive evaluation showed that plantations were in the order of III (2.276) > IV (1.261) > II (0.294) > I (-0.815) > CK (-3.017). [Conclusion] 1 080-1 200 plants/hm² was the appropriate density for the restoration of vegetation and soil physical properties of Caragana korshinskii plantation in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most forest soils contain substantial amounts of gravel. However, unlike the more widely known root resource uptake behaviors which respond to resource patches in substrate without gravels, how roots respond to substrate containing different gravel levels is poorly understood. We grew roots in substrates with five gravel levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of volume) in a subtropical Schima superba Gardn. et Champ plantation, determined fine root dynamics and turnover rate with minirhizotrons, measured fine root morphological, architectural, mycorrhizal colonization, chemistry, and mass allocation. The presence of gravel in the substrate delayed the timing of peak root growth. In the substrate with higher gravel content, plants produced more in roots in autumn, but there were fewer roots in summer and the roots tended to exhibit lower fine root turnover rate and mycorrhizal colonization, but higher root biomass allocation. The higher root biomass in the substrate with higher gravel content was associated with higher root carbon/nitrogen ratio. Our findings emphasize the complexity of root resource uptake behavior in response to gravel content and suggest that incorporating substrate gravel content into root studies may help to improve the prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in stony soils. Key words: heterogeneous patches, root phenology, root morphology, root architecture, mycorrhizal colonization. La plupart des sols forestiers contiennent des quantites substantielles de gravier. Cependant, contrairement aux comportements plus largement connus concernant le prelevement des ressources par les racines qui reagissent a des ilots riches en ressources dans un substrat exempt de gravier, la facon dont les racines reagissent a un substrat qui contient differentes quantites de gravier est mal connue. Nous avons fait croitre les racines dans des substrats contenant differentes proportions (cinq) de gravier (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% et 40% du volume) dans une plantation subtropicale de Schima superba Gardn. et Champ; determine la dynamique et le taux de renouvellement des racines fines a l'aide de minirhizotrons; mesure la morphologie, l'architecture, la colonisation mycorhizienne et les caracteristiques chimiques des racines fines ainsi que la repartition de la biomasse. La presence de gravier dans le substrat a retarde le moment ou la croissance des racines a atteint son niveau maximum. Dans le substrat contenant le plus de gravier, la plus forte croissance est survenue dans les racines a l'automne. Par contre les racines etaient moins abondantes durant l'ete et le taux de renouvellement ainsi que la colonisation mycorhizienne des racines fines avaient tendance a etre plus faibles, mais l'allocation de biomasse racinaire etait plus prononcee. La biomasse racinaire plus elevee dans le substrat contenant le plus de gravier etait associee a un rapport carbone:azote plus eleve dans les racines. Nos resultats font ressortir la complexite du comportement relie au prelevement des ressources par les racines en reaction a la teneur en gravier et indiquent que l'incorporation de la teneur en gravier du substrat dans les etudes portant sur les racines pourrait contribuer a ameliorer la prediction de l'exploitation des ilots riches en ressources et l'acquisition des elements nutritifs dans les sols pierreux. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : ilots heterogenes, phenologie racinaire, morphologie racinaire, architecture racinaire, colonisation mycorhizienne., 1. Introduction Resources in soil are heterogeneously distributed. Understanding fine root resource uptake strategies in heterogeneous patches is of primary importance for predicting plant growth and adaptation to changing environments [...]