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Background: Patients with sepsis often exhibit an acute inflammatory response, followed by an immunosuppressive phase with a poor immune response. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated., Methods: We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in neutrophils of patients with sepsis by transcriptome sequencing. Additionally, we conducted a series of experiments, including real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry to investigate the role of arginase-1 signaling in sepsis., Results: Through the analysis of gene expression profiles, we identified that the negative regulation of T cell activation signaling was enriched, and the expression of arginase-1 was high in neutrophils from patients with sepsis. Furthermore, we conducted flow cytometry and found that the function of CD8 + T cells in septic patients was impaired. Moreover, neutrophils from septic patients inhibited the percentage of polyfunctional effector CD8 + T cells through arginase-1. Additionally, the proportions of granzyme B + IFN - γ + CD8 + T and TNF - α + IFN - γ + CD8 + T cells increased after inhibition of arginase-1 signaling., Conclusion: The impaired effector function of CD8 + T cells could be restored by blocking arginase-1 signaling in patients with sepsis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © World Journal of Emergency Medicine.)