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This article discusses a study that used machine learning to identify and validate plant peroxisome targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) tripeptides. Peroxisomes are organelles in eukaryotic cells that are involved in metabolic pathways. The researchers trained machine learning models using a dataset of functional PTS1 sequences and non-PTS1 sequences, achieving high accuracy and recall rates in predicting peroxisome targeting. They then used the models to predict novel PTS1 tripeptides and confirmed their peroxisome targeting through experimental validation. The study expands our understanding of peroxisomes in plants and has implications for predicting peroxisomal proteins and metabolic pathways in different plant species. However, it is important to consider that the presence of a PTS1 tripeptide does not guarantee peroxisome targeting, as other factors may also influence protein localization. [Extracted from the article]

At present, the maturity can not reach the required standard has become an important factor limiting the quality promotion of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in some areas of China. In order to reveal the ripening mechanism so as to effectively regulate the maturity of upper leaves, the metabolic rules of carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing compounds, aroma substances and plastid pigments in the ripening process of upper leaves were comprehensively summarized. The change rules of enzyme activity, metabolism-related genes and protein function during the ripening process of upper leaves were discussed. Based on the researches and application status of the maturity of upper leaves, the future hot topics were prospected, including the ripening mechanism, the judgment of maturity characteristics and the use of growth regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the characteristics of organic carbon constituents in soil of typical Henan tobacco-planting areas and their effects on the mass fraction of chemical components in tobacco leaves, soil and tobacco samples from four typical tobacco-growing regions, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luoyang and Sanmenxia, in Henan were collected and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The contents of total organic carbon (TOC), active organic carbon (AOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil of Henan tobacco-planting areas ranged from 3.72-13.80, 0.26-0.74, 0.96-4.39 g·kg-1 and 40.71-168.09 mg·kg-1, respectively. The content proportions of AOC, DOC and POC to TOC ranged from 3.19% to 6.93%, 0.34% to 2.62% and 14.33% to 57.31% respectively. The carbon/nitrogen(C/N)ratio was between 6.04 to 12.97. 2)The contents of TOC, POC, AOC and DOC significantly positively correlated with the contents of total nitrogen and hydrolytic nitrogen in soil. The contents of AOC and DOC significantly positively correlated with silt content and significantly negatively correlated with sand content. POC/TOC ratio negatively correlated with the contents of total nitrogen, hydrolytic nitrogen, clay and silt, but positively correlated with sand content. 3)The increase in the contents of TOC and AOC and C/N ratio in soil led to the decrease of total sugar and reducing sugar contents as well as the increase of total nitrogen and total alkaloid in tobacco leaves. POC/TOC ratio positively correlated with total sugar and reducing sugar contents, but negatively correlated with total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents in tobacco leaves. These results indicated that soil organic carbon constituents had important influences on soil fertility and the chemical components in tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the complete genome of Priestia filamentosa H146 isolated from tobacco leaves. H146 contained a circular chromosome and five circular plasmids. A total of 4,669 genes were predicted, of which 4,372 genes were in the chromosome and other genes were located on plasmids. The genome sequence data provide an important basis for studying Priestia filamentosa ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Deciphering the mechanism of Cd accumulation in crops is imperative for minimizing soil-to-plant transfer of Cd to improve safe food production. Hydroponic experiments were performed examining Cd accumulation, growth performance and protein characteristics of two rice genotypes, Xiushui817 and Zheda821, with low and high grain Cd accumulation, respectively, under Cd stress and in the presence of Si. Xiushui817 had lower root-to-shoot Cd translocation and was more sensitive to Cd stress than Zheda821. Si reduced the shoot Cd content in both genotypes but more efficacy in Zheda821. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomic analysis identified 25 proteins associated with low grain Cd accumulation, including vacuolar H + -pyrophosphatase 1 (OVP1) that was up-regulated after Si addition in Zheda821. The sequence comparison of OVP1 showed one nucleotide difference in Xiushui817 relative to Zheda821 resulting in one amino acid. Overexpression of OVP1 reduced shoot Cd concentration and improved the growth of rice compared with WT under both control and Cd treatment. The results highlight the significant roles of OVP1 in both Cd accumulation and the Si-induced Cd reduction in rice. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of low Cd accumulation and Si-induced decrease in Cd accumulation in rice. OVP1 could be used for transgenic overexpression in rice or other cereals for safe food production., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)