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1. Boundary Conditions for the Parametric Kalman Filter forecast submited

Author

Sabathier, M., Pannekoucke, O., Maget, V., and Dahmen, N.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

This paper is a contribution to the exploration of the parametric Kalman filter (PKF), which is an approximation of the Kalman filter, where the error covariances are approximated by a covariance model. Here we focus on the covariance model parameterized from the variance and the anisotropy of the local correlations, and whose parameters dynamics provides a proxy for the full error-covariance dynamics. For this covariance model, we aim to provide the boundary condition to specify in the prediction of PKF for bounded domains, focusing on Dirichlet and Neumann conditions when they are prescribed for the physical dynamics. An ensemble validation is proposed for the transport equation and for the heterogeneous diffusion equation over a bounded 1D domain. This ensemble validation requires to specify the auto-correlation time-scale needed to populate boundary perturbation that leads to prescribed uncertainty characteristics. The numerical simulations show that the PKF is able to reproduce the uncertainty diagnosed from the ensemble of forecast appropriately perturbed on the boundaries, which show the ability of the PKF to handle boundaries in the prediction of the uncertainties. It results that Dirichlet condition on the physical dynamics implies Dirichlet condition on the variance and on the anisotropy. Codes are available at https://github.com/opannekoucke/pkf-boundary

Published
2022

3. Surface waves and crustal structure on Mars

Author

Kim, D, Banerdt, WB, Ceylan, S, Giardini, D, Lekić, V, Lognonné, P, Beghein, C, Beucler, É, Carrasco, S, Charalambous, C, Clinton, J, Drilleau, M, Durán, C, Golombek, M, Joshi, R, Khan, A, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B, Li, J, Maguire, R, Pike, WT, Samuel, H, Schimmel, M, Schmerr, NC, Stähler, SC, Stutzmann, E, Wieczorek, M, Xu, Z, Batov, A, Bozdag, E, Dahmen, N, Davis, P, Gudkova, T, Horleston, A, Huang, Q, Kawamura, T, King, SD, McLennan, SM, Nimmo, F, Plasman, M, Plesa, AC, Stepanova, IE, Weidner, E, Zenhäusern, G, Daubar, IJ, Fernando, B, Garcia, RF, Posiolova, LV, and Panning, MP

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.

Published
2022

6. A comprehensive assessment of carbon dioxide removal options for Germany

Author

Borchers, Malgorzata, Förster, Johannes, Thrän, Daniela, Beck, Silke, Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Korte, Klaas, Gawel, Erik, Markus, Till, Schaller, Romina Luz, Rhoden, I., Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Herbst, M., Heß, D., Kalhori, A., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Li, Z., Oschlies, A., Reusch, T.B.H., Sachs, T., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Stevenson, A., Wu, J., Yeates, C., Mengis, N., Borchers, Malgorzata, Förster, Johannes, Thrän, Daniela, Beck, Silke, Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Korte, Klaas, Gawel, Erik, Markus, Till, Schaller, Romina Luz, Rhoden, I., Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Herbst, M., Heß, D., Kalhori, A., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Li, Z., Oschlies, A., Reusch, T.B.H., Sachs, T., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Stevenson, A., Wu, J., Yeates, C., and Mengis, N.

Abstract

To reach their net-zero targets, countries will have to compensate hard-to-abate CO2 emissions through carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Yet, current assessments rarely include socio-cultural or institutional aspects or fail to contextualize CDR options for implementation. Here we present a context-specific feasibility assessment of CDR options for the example of Germany. We assess 14 CDR options, including three chemical carbon capture options, six options for bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and five options that aim to increase ecosystem carbon uptake. The assessment addresses technological, economic, environmental, institutional, social-cultural and systemic considerations using a traffic-light system to evaluate implementation opportunities and hurdles. We find that in Germany CDR options like cover crops or seagrass restoration currently face comparably low implementation hurdles in terms of technological, economic, or environmental feasibility and low institutional or social opposition but show comparably small CO2 removal potentials. In contrast, some BECCS options that show high CDR potentials face significant techno-economic, societal and institutional hurdles when it comes to the geological storage of CO2. While a combination of CDR options is likely required to meet the net-zero target in Germany, the current climate protection law includes a limited set of options. Our analysis aims to provide comprehensive information on CDR hurdles and possibilities for Germany for use in further research on CDR options, climate, and energy scenario development, as well as an effective decision support basis for various actors.

Published
2024

7. Synthesis Gas Biorefinery

Author

Dahmen, N., Henrich, E., Henrich, T., Scheper, Thomas, Series Editor, Belkin, Shimshon, Series Editor, Bley, Thomas, Series Editor, Bohlmann, Jörg, Series Editor, Gu, Man Bock, Series Editor, Hu, Wei-Shou, Series Editor, Mattiasson, Bo, Series Editor, Nielsen, Jens, Series Editor, Seitz, Harald, Series Editor, Ulber, Roland, Series Editor, Zeng, An-Ping, Series Editor, Zhong, Jian-Jiang, Series Editor, Zhou, Weichang, Series Editor, Wagemann, Kurt, editor, and Tippkötter, Nils, editor

Published
2019
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11. Climate Reanalysis of Electron Radiation Belt Long-Term Dynamics Using a Dedicated Numerical Scheme

Author

Dahmen, N., Sicard, A., and Brunet, A.

Abstract

Climate reanalysis represents a valuable tool to improve radiation belt specification models such as ONERA’s global radiation Earth environment (GREEN) model. Generally, it consists in the elaboration of a long-term database of best estimates by the assimilation of in situ data in radiation belt theoretical models such as ONERA’s Salammbô code. However, their construction needs strong confidence in the code’s physical description, but also in its numerical resolution. We present in this article the new numerical solver of Salammbô. The latter provides stronger accuracy, robustness, and efficiency arguments that will ensure more reliable estimations from Salammbô. In addition, we will show how these improvements will open the path to the improvement of the GREEN model, through climate reanalysis.

Published
2024
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15. Improving the Electron Radiation Belt Nowcast and Forecast Using the SafeSpace Data Assimilation Modeling Pipeline

Author

Brunet, A., primary, Dahmen, N., additional, Katsavrias, C., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Bernoux, G., additional, Pierrard, V., additional, Botek, E., additional, Darrouzet, F., additional, Nasi, A., additional, Aminalragia‐Giamini, S., additional, Papadimitriou, C., additional, Bourdarie, S., additional, and Daglis, I. A., additional

Published
2023
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18. The Global Seismic Moment Rate of Mars After Event S1222a

Author

Knapmeyer, M., primary, Stähler, S., additional, Plesa, A.‐C., additional, Ceylan, S., additional, Charalambous, C., additional, Clinton, J., additional, Dahmen, N., additional, Durán, C., additional, Horleston, A., additional, Kawamura, T., additional, Kim, D., additional, Li, J., additional, Plasman, M., additional, Zenhäusern, G., additional, Weber, R. C., additional, Giardini, D., additional, Panning, M. P., additional, Lognonné, P., additional, and Banerdt, W. B., additional

Published
2023
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19. Netto-Null-2050 Wegweiser - Strategische Handlungsempfehlungen und mögliche Wege für ein CO2-neutrales Deutschland bis 2050, Forschung von 2019 bis 2021 - Version 1.0

Author

Abetz, V., Baetcke, L., Ball, C., Bauer, F., Beck, Silke, Berkel, M., Blome, T., Borchers, Malgorzata, Brinkmann, T., Bruhn, D., Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Dornheim, M., El Zhobi, J., Fogel, S., Förster, Johannes, Fuchs, S., Gardian, H., Gawel, Erik, Görl, K., Groth, M., Hamedimastanabad, H., Hampel, U., Harpprecht, C., Herbst, M., Heß, D., Jacob, D., Kalhori, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Klassen, T., Köhnke, F., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Korte, Klaas, Kuckshinrichs, W., Li, Z., Markus, Till, Mayer, M., Mengis, N., Monnerie, N., O Corcora, T., Oschlies, A., Pardo Parez, L.C., Prats Salvado, E., Pregger, T., Preuschmann, S., Rau, B., Rechid, D., Reusch, T., Rhoden, I., Riehm, J., Roeb, M., Rolletter, M., Sachs, T., Sattler, C., Sauer, J., Schaller, Romina Luz ; orcid:0000-0003-2245-046X, Schätzler, K., Schill, E., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Schultz, M., Simon, S., Steiner, U., Steuri, B., Stevenson, A., Sun, J., Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Thrän, Daniela, Unger, S., Vögele, S., Waczowicz, S., Weihermüller, L., Xiao, M., Yeates, C., Zwickel, P., Abetz, V., Baetcke, L., Ball, C., Bauer, F., Beck, Silke, Berkel, M., Blome, T., Borchers, Malgorzata, Brinkmann, T., Bruhn, D., Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Dornheim, M., El Zhobi, J., Fogel, S., Förster, Johannes, Fuchs, S., Gardian, H., Gawel, Erik, Görl, K., Groth, M., Hamedimastanabad, H., Hampel, U., Harpprecht, C., Herbst, M., Heß, D., Jacob, D., Kalhori, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Klassen, T., Köhnke, F., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Korte, Klaas, Kuckshinrichs, W., Li, Z., Markus, Till, Mayer, M., Mengis, N., Monnerie, N., O Corcora, T., Oschlies, A., Pardo Parez, L.C., Prats Salvado, E., Pregger, T., Preuschmann, S., Rau, B., Rechid, D., Reusch, T., Rhoden, I., Riehm, J., Roeb, M., Rolletter, M., Sachs, T., Sattler, C., Sauer, J., Schaller, Romina Luz ; orcid:0000-0003-2245-046X, Schätzler, K., Schill, E., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Schultz, M., Simon, S., Steiner, U., Steuri, B., Stevenson, A., Sun, J., Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Thrän, Daniela, Unger, S., Vögele, S., Waczowicz, S., Weihermüller, L., Xiao, M., Yeates, C., and Zwickel, P.

Published
2023

20. Machine learning and marsquakes: a tool to predict atmospheric-seismic noise for the NASA InSight mission

Author

Stott, A. E., Garcia, R. F., Chedozeau, A., Spiga, A., Murdoch, N., Pinot, B., Mimoun, D., Charalambous, C., Horleston, A., King, Scott D., Kawamura, T., Dahmen, N., Barkaoui, S., Lognonne, P., Banerdt, W. B., Stott, A. E., Garcia, R. F., Chedozeau, A., Spiga, A., Murdoch, N., Pinot, B., Mimoun, D., Charalambous, C., Horleston, A., King, Scott D., Kawamura, T., Dahmen, N., Barkaoui, S., Lognonne, P., and Banerdt, W. B.

Abstract

The SEIS (seismic experiment for the interior structure of Mars) experiment on the NASA InSight mission has catalogued hundreds of marsquakes so far. However, the detectability of these events is controlled by the weather which generates noise on the seismometer. This affects the catalogue on both diurnal and seasonal scales. We propose to use machine learning methods to fit the wind, pressure and temperature data to the seismic energy recorded in the 0.4–1 and 2.2–2.6 Hz bandwidths to examine low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) seismic event categories respectively. We implement Gaussian process regression and neural network models for this task. This approach provides the relationship between the atmospheric state and seismic energy. The obtained seismic energy estimate is used to calculate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of marsquakes for multiple bandwidths. We can then demonstrate the presence of LF energy above the noise level during several events predominantly categorized as HF, suggesting a continuum in event spectra distribution across the marsquake types. We introduce an algorithm to detect marsquakes based on the subtraction of the predicted noise from the observed data. This algorithm finds 39 previously undetected marsquakes, with another 40 possible candidates. Furthermore, an analysis of the detection algorithm’s variable threshold provides an empirical estimate of marsquake detectivity. This suggests that events producing the largest signal on the seismometer would be seen almost all the time, the median size signal event 45–50 per cent of the time and smallest signal events 5−20 per cent of the time.

Published
2023

22. The Global Seismic Moment Rate of Mars After Event S1222a

Author

Knapmeyer, M., Stähler, S., Plesa, A.‐C., Ceylan, S., Charalambous, C., Clinton, J., Dahmen, N., Durán, C., Horleston, A., Kawamura, T., Kim, D., Li, J., Plasman, M., Zenhäusern, G., Weber, R. C., Giardini, D., Panning, M. P., Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., 2 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland, 1 DLR Institute for Planetary Research Berlin Germany, 3 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK, 4 Swiss Seismological Service (SED) ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland, 5 School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK, 6 Université de Paris Institut de physique du globe de Paris CNRS F‐75005 Paris France, 7 Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA, 8 NASA MSFC Huntsville AL USA, and 9 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Subjects
Geophysics, ddc:523, S1222a, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Mars, seismic moment rate, Mars InSight Marsquake Seismology Seismic Moment, InSight
Abstract

The seismic activity of a planet can be described by the corner magnitude, events larger than which are extremely unlikely, and the seismic moment rate, the long‐term average of annual seismic moment release. Marsquake S1222a proves large enough to be representative of the global activity of Mars and places observational constraints on the moment rate. The magnitude‐frequency distribution of relevant Marsquakes indicates a $b$‐value of 1.06. The moment rate is likely between $1.55\times {10}^{15}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{a}$ and $1.97\times {10}^{18}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{a}$, with a marginal distribution peaking at $4.9\times {10}^{16}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{a}$. Comparing this with pre‐InSight estimations shows that these tended to overestimate the moment rate, and that 30% or more of the tectonic deformation may occur silently, whereas the seismicity is probably restricted to localized centers rather than spread over the entire planet., Plain Language Summary: The seismic moment rate is a measure for how fast quakes accumulate deformation of the planet's rigid outer layer, the lithosphere. In the past decades, several models for the deformation rate of Mars were developed either from the traces quakes leave on the surface, or from mathematical models of how quickly the planet's interior cools down and shrinks. The large marsquake that occurred on the 4th of May 2022 now allows a statistical estimation of the deformation accumulated on Mars per year, and thus to confront these models with reality. It turns out that, although there is a considerable overlap, the models published prior to InSight tend to overestimate the seismic moment rate, and hence the ongoing deformation on Mars. Possible explanations are that 30% or more of the deformation occurs silently, that is, without causing quakes, or that not the entire planet is seismically active but only specific regions., Key Points: A single large marsquake suffices to constrain the global seismic moment rate. Pre‐InSight estimations tended to overestimate the moment rate. Either a significant part of the ongoing deformation occurs silent, or seismic activity is restricted to some activity centers, or both., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003006, National Aeronautics and Space Administration http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104, UK Space Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011690, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002946, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100021525, http://dx.doi.org/10.18715/SEIS.INSIGHT.XB_2016, http://doi.org/10.17189/1517570

Published
2023

24. Processing of Biobased Resources

Author

Loeffler, M., primary, Hinrichs, J., additional, Moß, K., additional, Henkel, M., additional, Hausmann, R., additional, Kruse, A., additional, Dahmen, N., additional, Sauer, J., additional, and Wodarz, S., additional

Published
2017
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26. Ergebnisbericht reFuels – Kraftstoffe neu denken

Author

Toedter, Olaf, Heinzmann, P., Glöser-Chahoud, S., Schultmann, F., Langenmayr, U., Ruppert, M., Fichtner, W., Arnold, U., Dahmen, N., Fuchs, C., Lam, H., Graf, David, Rauch, Reinhard, Haas-Santo, K., Dittmeyer, R., Weyhing, Thomas, Wagner, Uwe, Andresh, Manuel, Haase, Martina, Patyk, Andreas, Scheer, Dirk, Schmieder, Lisa, Kölle, Christoph, Landgraf, Monika, and Koch, Thomas

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2023

27. Review of the seismicity on Mars

Author

Giardini, D., Clinton, J., Stahler, S., Ceylan, S., Kim, D., Zenhausern, G., Dahmen, N., Duran, C., Horleston, A., Kawamura, T., Charalambous, C., Knapmeyer, M., Lognonne, P., Panning, M., and Banerdt, B.

Abstract

The InSight mission collected an astounding seismic dataset from Mars during more than four years of operation until it was retired in 12/2022. The Marsquake Service detected over 1300 seismic events. The largest marsquake reached magnitude 4.6. Two other significant events are distant impacts, with magnitudes M4.0 and 4.2 and crater diameters of 130 and 150 m respectively. We present the current understanding of the Martian seismicity and the different types of events observed on Mars.Low Frequency (LF) family are the largest events and include energy predominantly below 1 Hz. They are similar to teleseismic events on Earth, with clear P and S waves. The epicenter is known for about half of the LF events, fewer have constrained back-azimuth. Seismicity occurs at only a few spots around Mars - a large number of LF events are located at 26–30° at the volcanic Cerberus Fossae region. Two events lie beyond the core shadow and have PP and SS phases. High-frequency (HF) family exhibit energy predominantly at and above the 2.4 Hz local subsurface resonance. HF events generally have magnitudes below M2.5 and originate from central Cerberus Fossae. Likely these are shallow events associated with volcanic dykes. HF events have inter and intra seasonal trends not yet understood. A small number of HF events have higher frequency content, up to 20–30 Hz with amplification on the horizontal components, and are termed Very High Frequency (VF) events. The closest VF events include a distinctive acoustic signal, and remote imaging confirms they are impacts., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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28. The Marsquake Service: Seismic monitoring on another planet

Author

Clinton, J., Ceylan, S., Giardini, D., Horleston, A., Kawamura, T., Stahler, S., Charalambous, C., Dahmen, N., Duran, C., Kim, D., and Zenhausern, G.

Abstract

For more than four years the Marsquake Service (MQS) detected and catalogued marsquakes from near realtime data recorded by SEIS, InSight’s seismometer deployed on the surface of Mars. Now that the data collection phase of the mission is over, we review the procedures and methods developed by MQS and describe the contents of the catalogue. With only a single station, there are obvious challenges in providing a catalogue for the entire planet. Due to the low SNR of marsquakes and the extreme variability of background noise, impulsive seismic signals are rarely evident and standard automated algorithms cannot be used to identify marsquakes, and manual review was needed.The MQS tools are based on best practice and standards used in seismic networks on Earth, for example we use a single station interactive analysis GUI based on SeisComP. Consistent procedures were developed to distinguish marsquakes from atmospheric noise or other data anomalies, classify events, pick phases, determine distance using a suite of Martian velocity models which has been updated during the mission, determine back azimuth, and locate events. Mars magnitudes are assigned using calibrated magnitude relations.. The final catalogue includes over 1300 marsquakes. Six events are known meteoroid impacts confirmed from visual imaging, their proximity to MQS locations confirms our location methodology. The catalogue contains quakes from within 1 degree of the lander out to 146 degrees distance and magnitudes span from 1 to 4.6. Body waves, crustal phases, surface waves, atmospheric shock waves and even core phases have been observed., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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29. Finding Marsquakes: InSight's Marsquake Service and the Mars Seismic Catalogue

Author

Horleston, A., Clinton, J., Ceylan, S., Kawamura, T., Stähler, S., Charalambous, C., Dahmen, N., Duran, C. A., Kim, D., Plasman, M., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Euchner, F., Knapmeyer, Martin, Giardini, D., Lognonne, A.P., Pike, W.T., Panning, M., Smrekar, S., and Banerdt, B.

Subjects
Mars InSight Marsquake Service
Published
2023

30. Review of the seismicity on Mars as recorded by InSight

Author

Giardini, D., Ceylan, S., Stähler, S., Clinton, J., Kim, D., Khan, A., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Dahmen, N., Duran, C. A., Horleston, A., Kawamura, T., Plasman, M., Charalambous, C., Knapmeyer, Martin, Garcia, R., Lognonne, A.P., Panning, M., Pike, W.T., and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
Mars InSight SEIS
Published
2023

31. Machine learning and marsquakes: a tool to predict atmospheric-seismic noise for the NASA InSight mission

Author

Stott, A E, primary, Garcia, R F, additional, Chédozeau, A, additional, Spiga, A, additional, Murdoch, N, additional, Pinot, B, additional, Mimoun, D, additional, Charalambous, C, additional, Horleston, A, additional, King, S D, additional, Kawamura, T, additional, Dahmen, N, additional, Barkaoui, S, additional, Lognonné, P, additional, and Banerdt, W B, additional

Published
2022
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32. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation

Author

Posiolova, L. V., primary, Lognonné, P., additional, Banerdt, W. B., additional, Clinton, J., additional, Collins, G. S., additional, Kawamura, T., additional, Ceylan, S., additional, Daubar, I. J., additional, Fernando, B., additional, Froment, M., additional, Giardini, D., additional, Malin, M. C., additional, Miljković, K., additional, Stähler, S. C., additional, Xu, Z., additional, Banks, M. E., additional, Beucler, É., additional, Cantor, B. A., additional, Charalambous, C., additional, Dahmen, N., additional, Davis, P., additional, Drilleau, M., additional, Dundas, C. M., additional, Durán, C., additional, Euchner, F., additional, Garcia, R. F., additional, Golombek, M., additional, Horleston, A., additional, Keegan, C., additional, Khan, A., additional, Kim, D., additional, Larmat, C., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Margerin, L., additional, Menina, S., additional, Panning, M., additional, Pardo, C., additional, Perrin, C., additional, Pike, W. T., additional, Plasman, M., additional, Rajšić, A., additional, Rolland, L., additional, Rougier, E., additional, Speth, G., additional, Spiga, A., additional, Stott, A., additional, Susko, D., additional, Teanby, N. A., additional, Valeh, A., additional, Werynski, A., additional, Wójcicka, N., additional, and Zenhäusern, G., additional

Published
2022
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33. Surface waves and crustal structure on Mars

Author

Kim, D., primary, Banerdt, W. B., additional, Ceylan, S., additional, Giardini, D., additional, Lekić, V., additional, Lognonné, P., additional, Beghein, C., additional, Beucler, É., additional, Carrasco, S., additional, Charalambous, C., additional, Clinton, J., additional, Drilleau, M., additional, Durán, C., additional, Golombek, M., additional, Joshi, R., additional, Khan, A., additional, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., additional, Li, J., additional, Maguire, R., additional, Pike, W. T., additional, Samuel, H., additional, Schimmel, M., additional, Schmerr, N. C., additional, Stähler, S. C., additional, Stutzmann, E., additional, Wieczorek, M., additional, Xu, Z., additional, Batov, A., additional, Bozdag, E., additional, Dahmen, N., additional, Davis, P., additional, Gudkova, T., additional, Horleston, A., additional, Huang, Q., additional, Kawamura, T., additional, King, S. D., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Nimmo, F., additional, Plasman, M., additional, Plesa, A. C., additional, Stepanova, I. E., additional, Weidner, E., additional, Zenhäusern, G., additional, Daubar, I. J., additional, Fernando, B., additional, Garcia, R. F., additional, Posiolova, L. V., additional, and Panning, M. P., additional

Published
2022
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38. Surface waves and crustal structure on Mars

Author

Kim, D., Banerdt, W. B., Ceylan, S., Giardini, D., Lekic, V., Lognonne, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Carrasco, S., Charalambous, C., Clinton, J., Drilleau, M., Duran, C., Golombek, M., Joshi, R., Khan, A., Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Li, J., Maguire, R., Pike, W. T., Samuel, H., Schimmel, M., Schmerr, N. C., Stahler, S. C., Stutzmann, E., Wieczorek, M., Xu, Z., Batov, A., Bozdag, E., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Gudkova, T., Horleston, A., Huang, Q., Kawamura, T., King, Scott D., McLennan, S. M., Nimmo, F., Plasman, M., Plesa, A. C., Stepanova, I. E., Weidner, E., Zenhausern, G., Daubar, I. J., Fernando, B., Garcia, R. F., Posiolova, L., Panning, M. P., Kim, D., Banerdt, W. B., Ceylan, S., Giardini, D., Lekic, V., Lognonne, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Carrasco, S., Charalambous, C., Clinton, J., Drilleau, M., Duran, C., Golombek, M., Joshi, R., Khan, A., Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Li, J., Maguire, R., Pike, W. T., Samuel, H., Schimmel, M., Schmerr, N. C., Stahler, S. C., Stutzmann, E., Wieczorek, M., Xu, Z., Batov, A., Bozdag, E., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Gudkova, T., Horleston, A., Huang, Q., Kawamura, T., King, Scott D., McLennan, S. M., Nimmo, F., Plasman, M., Plesa, A. C., Stepanova, I. E., Weidner, E., Zenhausern, G., Daubar, I. J., Fernando, B., Garcia, R. F., Posiolova, L., and Panning, M. P.

Abstract

We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.

Published
2022

39. Scoping carbon dioxide removal options for Germany–What is their potential contribution to Net-Zero CO2?

Author

Borchers, Malgorzata, Thrän, Daniela, Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Förster, Johannes, Herbst, M., Heß, D., Kalhori, A., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Li, Z., Mengis, N., Reusch, T.B., Rhoden, I., Sachs, T., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Stevenson, A., Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Wu, J., Yeates, C., Borchers, Malgorzata, Thrän, Daniela, Chi, Y., Dahmen, N., Dittmeyer, R., Dolch, T., Dold, C., Förster, Johannes, Herbst, M., Heß, D., Kalhori, A., Koop-Jakobsen, K., Li, Z., Mengis, N., Reusch, T.B., Rhoden, I., Sachs, T., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Stevenson, A., Thoni, Terese Elisabeth, Wu, J., and Yeates, C.

Abstract

The Paris climate agreement outlines that, to meet its temperature goal, we need to balance anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions with sinks. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) is considered a key element to reaching that goal. There are currently a wide variety of CDR measures available. Their implementation, and accordingly their potential, however, depends on site specific conditions, such as biophysical conditions, availability of infrastructure, social acceptance, regulatory frameworks and policy instruments in place. In our study we investigated various near-to-market CDR options for Germany, which we present in the form of thirteen dedicated model concepts. They cover technical CO2 removal (two models of direct air carbon capture, i.e. DACC), hybrid solutions (six bioenergy with carbon capture technologies, i.e., BECC) and five options for natural sink enhancement, so-called Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). Our estimates for their CO2 removal potentials in 2050 range from 0.4 to 30 million tonnes CO2, depending on the option. Ten of thirteen model concepts provide technical removal potentials higher than 1 million tonnes CO2 per year. To complement the necessary information on technology-based and hybrid options we also provide an overview on possible solutions for CO2 storage for Germany. Taking biophysical conditions and infrastructure into account, northern Germany seems a preferable area for deployment of many concepts. However, for their successful implementation further socio-economic analysis, clear regulations, and policy incentives are necessary.

Published
2022

40. Surface waves and crustal structure on Mars

Author

ETH Zurich, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), UK Space Agency, California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Kim, D., Banerdt, W. B., Ceylan, S., Giardini, Domenico, Lekic, Vedran, Lognonné, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Carrasco, Sebastián, Charalambous, C., Clinton, John F., Drilleau, M., Duran, C., Golombek, M. P., Joshi, R., Khan, A., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Li, J., Maguire, R., Pike, William T., Samuel, H., Schimmel, Martin, Schmerr, Nicholas C., Stähler, S. C., Stutzmann, E., Wieczorek, M., Xu, Z. D., Batov, A., Bozdag, E., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Gudkova, T., Horleston, A., Huang, Quancheng, Kawamura, T., King, S., McLennan, S M, Nimmo, F., Plasman, M., Plesa, A. C., Stepanova, I. E., Weidner, E., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Daubar, I., Fernando, B., García, R. F., Posiolova, L. V., Panning, Mark P., ETH Zurich, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), UK Space Agency, California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Kim, D., Banerdt, W. B., Ceylan, S., Giardini, Domenico, Lekic, Vedran, Lognonné, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Carrasco, Sebastián, Charalambous, C., Clinton, John F., Drilleau, M., Duran, C., Golombek, M. P., Joshi, R., Khan, A., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Li, J., Maguire, R., Pike, William T., Samuel, H., Schimmel, Martin, Schmerr, Nicholas C., Stähler, S. C., Stutzmann, E., Wieczorek, M., Xu, Z. D., Batov, A., Bozdag, E., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Gudkova, T., Horleston, A., Huang, Quancheng, Kawamura, T., King, S., McLennan, S M, Nimmo, F., Plasman, M., Plesa, A. C., Stepanova, I. E., Weidner, E., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Daubar, I., Fernando, B., García, R. F., Posiolova, L. V., and Panning, Mark P.

Abstract

We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.

Published
2022

41. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation

Author

Posiolova, L.V., Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W.B., Clinton, J., Collins, G.S., Kawamura, T., Ceylan, S., Daubar, I.J., Fernando, B., Froment, M., Giardini, D., Malin, M.C., Miljković, Katarina, Stähler, S.C., Xu, Z., Banks, M.E., Beucler, Cantor, B.A., Charalambous, C., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Drilleau, M., Dundas, C.M., Durán, C., Euchner, F., Garcia, R.F., Golombek, M., Horleston, A., Keegan, C., Khan, A., Kim, D., Larmat, C., Lorenz, R., Margerin, L., Menina, S., Panning, M., Pardo, C., Perrin, C., Pike, W.T., Plasman, M., Rajšić, Andrea, Rolland, L., Rougier, E., Speth, G., Spiga, A., Stott, A., Susko, D., Teanby, N.A., Valeh, A., Werynski, A., Wójcicka, N., Zenhäusern, G., Posiolova, L.V., Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W.B., Clinton, J., Collins, G.S., Kawamura, T., Ceylan, S., Daubar, I.J., Fernando, B., Froment, M., Giardini, D., Malin, M.C., Miljković, Katarina, Stähler, S.C., Xu, Z., Banks, M.E., Beucler, Cantor, B.A., Charalambous, C., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Drilleau, M., Dundas, C.M., Durán, C., Euchner, F., Garcia, R.F., Golombek, M., Horleston, A., Keegan, C., Khan, A., Kim, D., Larmat, C., Lorenz, R., Margerin, L., Menina, S., Panning, M., Pardo, C., Perrin, C., Pike, W.T., Plasman, M., Rajšić, Andrea, Rolland, L., Rougier, E., Speth, G., Spiga, A., Stott, A., Susko, D., Teanby, N.A., Valeh, A., Werynski, A., Wójcicka, N., and Zenhäusern, G.

Abstract

Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.

Published
2022

42. The Far Side of Mars: Two Distant Marsquakes Detected by InSight

Author

UK Space Agency, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Horleston, Anna C., Clinton, John F., Ceylan, S., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, C., Irving, Jessica C. E., Lognonné, P., Stähler, S. C., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Dahmen, N. L., Duran, C., Kawamura, T., Khan, A., Kim, Doyeon, Plasman, Matthieu, Euchner, F., Beghein, Caroline, Beucler, E., Huang, Quancheng, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Lekic, Vedran, Li, Jiaqi, Perrin, C., Schimmel, Martin, Schmerr, Nicholas C., Stott, A. E., Stutzmann, Éléonore, Teanby, Nicholas A., Xu, Zongbo, Panning, Mark, Banerdt, William B., UK Space Agency, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Horleston, Anna C., Clinton, John F., Ceylan, S., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, C., Irving, Jessica C. E., Lognonné, P., Stähler, S. C., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Dahmen, N. L., Duran, C., Kawamura, T., Khan, A., Kim, Doyeon, Plasman, Matthieu, Euchner, F., Beghein, Caroline, Beucler, E., Huang, Quancheng, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Lekic, Vedran, Li, Jiaqi, Perrin, C., Schimmel, Martin, Schmerr, Nicholas C., Stott, A. E., Stutzmann, Éléonore, Teanby, Nicholas A., Xu, Zongbo, Panning, Mark, and Banerdt, William B.

Abstract

For over three Earth years the Marsquake Service has been analyzing the data sent back from the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure¿the seismometer placed on the surface of Mars by NASA¿s InSight lander. Although by October 2021, the Mars seismic catalog included 951 events, until recently all these events have been assessed as lying within a radius of 100° of InSight. Here we report two distant events that occurred within days of each other, located on the far side of Mars, giving us our first glimpse into Mars¿ core shadow zone. The first event, recorded on 25 August 2021 (InSight sol 976), shows clear polarized arrivals that we interpret to be PP and SS phases at low frequencies and locates to Valles Marineris, 146° ± 7° from InSight. The second event, occurring on 18 September 2021 (sol 1000), has significantly more broadband energy with emergent PP and SS arrivals, and a weak phase arriving before PP that we interpret as Pdiff¿. Considering uncertain pick times and poorly constrained travel times for Pdiff¿, we estimate this event is at a distance between 107° and 147° from InSight. With magnitudes of MMaw 4.2 and 4.1, respectively, these are the largest seismic events recorded so far on Mars.

Published
2022

44. Machine learning and marsquakes: a tool to predict atmospheric-seismic noise for the NASA InSight mission.

Author

Stott, A E, Garcia, R F, Chédozeau, A, Spiga, A, Murdoch, N, Pinot, B, Mimoun, D, Charalambous, C, Horleston, A, King, S D, Kawamura, T, Dahmen, N, Barkaoui, S, Lognonné, P, and Banerdt, W B

Subjects
MACHINE learning, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, MICROSEISMS, KRIGING, NOISE, SIGNAL-to-noise ratio, WEATHER control
Abstract

The SEIS (seismic experiment for the interior structure of Mars) experiment on the NASA InSight mission has catalogued hundreds of marsquakes so far. However, the detectability of these events is controlled by the weather which generates noise on the seismometer. This affects the catalogue on both diurnal and seasonal scales. We propose to use machine learning methods to fit the wind, pressure and temperature data to the seismic energy recorded in the 0.4–1 and 2.2–2.6 Hz bandwidths to examine low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) seismic event categories respectively. We implement Gaussian process regression and neural network models for this task. This approach provides the relationship between the atmospheric state and seismic energy. The obtained seismic energy estimate is used to calculate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of marsquakes for multiple bandwidths. We can then demonstrate the presence of LF energy above the noise level during several events predominantly categorized as HF, suggesting a continuum in event spectra distribution across the marsquake types. We introduce an algorithm to detect marsquakes based on the subtraction of the predicted noise from the observed data. This algorithm finds 39 previously undetected marsquakes, with another 40 possible candidates. Furthermore, an analysis of the detection algorithm's variable threshold provides an empirical estimate of marsquake detectivity. This suggests that events producing the largest signal on the seismometer would be seen almost all the time, the median size signal event 45–50 per cent of the time and smallest signal events 5−20 per cent of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption

Author

Cornelis, M C, Byrne, E M, Esko, T, Nalls, M A, Ganna, A, Paynter, N, Monda, K L, Amin, N, Fischer, K, Renstrom, F, Ngwa, J S, Huikari, V, Cavadino, A, Nolte, I M, Teumer, A, Yu, K, Marques-Vidal, P, Rawal, R, Manichaikul, A, Wojczynski, M K, Vink, J M, Zhao, J H, Burlutsky, G, Lahti, J, Mikkilä, V, Lemaitre, R N, Eriksson, J, Musani, S K, Tanaka, T, Geller, F, Luan, J, Hui, J, Mägi, R, Dimitriou, M, Garcia, M E, Ho, W-K, Wright, M J, Rose, L M, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Couper, D, Oostra, B A, Hofman, A, Ikram, M A, Tiemeier, H W, Uitterlinden, A G, van Rooij, F J A, Barroso, I, Johansson, I, Xue, L, Kaakinen, M, Milani, L, Power, C, Snieder, H, Stolk, R P, Baumeister, S E, Biffar, R, Gu, F, Bastardot, F, Kutalik, Z, Jacobs, Jr, D R, Forouhi, N G, Mihailov, E, Lind, L, Lindgren, C, Michaëlsson, K, Morris, A, Jensen, M, Khaw, K-T, Luben, R N, Wang, J J, Männistö, S, Perälä, M-M, Kähönen, M, Lehtimäki, T, Viikari, J, Mozaffarian, D, Mukamal, K, Psaty, B M, Döring, A, Heath, A C, Montgomery, G W, Dahmen, N, Carithers, T, Tucker, K L, Ferrucci, L, Boyd, H A, Melbye, M, Treur, J L, Mellström, D, Hottenga, J J, Prokopenko, I, Tönjes, A, Deloukas, P, Kanoni, S, Lorentzon, M, Houston, D K, Liu, Y, Danesh, J, Rasheed, A, Mason, M A, Zonderman, A B, Franke, L, Kristal, B S, Karjalainen, J, Reed, D R, Westra, H-J, Evans, M K, Saleheen, D, Harris, T B, Dedoussis, G, Curhan, G, Stumvoll, M, Beilby, J, Pasquale, L R, Feenstra, B, Bandinelli, S, Ordovas, J M, Chan, A T, Peters, U, Ohlsson, C, Gieger, C, Martin, N G, Waldenberger, M, Siscovick, D S, Raitakari, O, Eriksson, J G, Mitchell, P, Hunter, D J, Kraft, P, Rimm, E B, Boomsma, D I, Borecki, I B, Loos, R J F, Wareham, N J, Vollenweider, P, Caporaso, N, Grabe, H J, Neuhouser, M L, Wolffenbuttel, B H R, Hu, F B, Hyppönen, E, Järvelin, M-R, Cupples, L A, Franks, P W, Ridker, P M, van Duijn, C M, Heiss, G, Metspalu, A, North, K E, Ingelsson, E, Nettleton, J A, van Dam, R M, and Chasman, D I

Published
2015
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46. The seismicity on Mars as recorded by InSight Marsquake Service

Author

Kawamura, T., Clinton, J., Horleston, A., Ceylan, S., Stähler, S., Plasman, M., Dahmen, N., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Duran, C., Euchner, F, Kim, D., Charalambous, C., Knapmeyer, Martin, Giardini, D., Lognonne, P., Pike, W.T., Panning, M., Smrekar, S., and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
Mars seismische Aktivität
Published
2022

47. SEIS achievement for Mars Seismology after 1000 sols of seismic monitoring

Author

Lognonne, P., Banerdt, William B., Giardini, D., Panning, M.P., Pike, W.T., Barakoui, S., Böse, Maren, Brinkman, Nienke, Charalambous, C., Compaire, Nicolas, Dahmen, N., Drilleau, M., Fernando, B., Garcia, R., Hobiger, M., Huang, Q., Hurst, K., Jacob, A., Karakostas, F., Kawamura, T., Kedar, S., Khan, A., Kim, D., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, Martin, Li, Jiaqi, Menina, S., Murdoch, N., Onodera, K, Perrin, C, Pou, L., Rajsic, A., Samuel, H., Savoie, D., Schimmel, M., Sollberger, D., Stähler, S., Stott, A., Gyalay, S, Van Driel, M., Wojcicka, N., Zweifel, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Antonangeli, D., Banfield, D., Bowles, Neil, Bozdag, E., Christensen, Ulrich, Clinton, J., Collins, G., Daubar, I., Irving, J. C. E., Lorenz, R. D., Margerin, L., Michaut, Chloe, Mimoun, D., Nimmo, Francis, Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Schmerr, N., Smrekar, S., Spiga, A., Teanby, N., Tromp, J., Weber, R., Wieczorek, M., Agard, C., Barrett, Elizabeth, Berenguer, J.L., Ceylan, S., Conejero, V., Duran, C., Froment, M., Horleston, A., Ferrier, C., Fuji, N., Gabsi, T., Gaudin, E., Jaillant, B., Jullien, A., Meunier, F., Pardo, C., ten Pierick, J., Plasman, M., Rochas, L., Sainton, G., Stutzmann, Éléonore, Xu, Z., Yana, Charles, Zenhäusern, Geraldine, and InSight/SEIS, Science Team

Subjects
Mars InSight SEIS
Published
2022

48. The Seismicity of Mars as Recorded by InSight Marsquake Service after 1100 Sols

Author

Kawamura, T., Clinton, J., Horleston, A., Ceylan, S., Stähler, S., Plasman, M., Dahmen, N., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Duran, C., Euchner, F, Kim, D., Charalambous, C., Knapmeyer, Martin, Giardini, D., Lognonne, P., Pike, W.T., Panning, M., Smrekar, S., and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
Mars InSight seismische Aktivität
Published
2022

49. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Black Liquor

Author

Wörner, M., Hornung, U., and Dahmen, N.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Black liquor, which is produced in large quantities in the pulp & paper industry as a by-product in the Kraft process is an interesting feedstock for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). HTL is a thermochemical process to convert organic matter into biocrude for fuel applications or the production of useful chemical compounds and is especially useful for wet biomass. Main organic matter in Black liquor is lignin which is dissolved in an aqueous solution together with the cooking chemicals from pulping. Desired products in HTL of lignin are aromatic compounds. Until now, most research was done with extracted lignin. This work explores the approach to liquefy the lignin directly in the black liquor via HTL as a part of the “Black Liquor to Fuels (BL2F)” project. In order to investigate the feasibility of direct HTL of black liquor, we performed parameter studies in batch experiments using micro autoclaves. The product phases were separated and analyzed using different analytical methods. Our study shows that the typical depolymerization products of lignin are found dependent on temperatures and residence times. Catechol and its derivates are the aromatic monomer products in the organic phase. The SEC analysis of the biocrude gives a good indication of the depolymerization of the lignin with increasing reaction temperature and holding time. Overall, it can be said that the direct use of black liquor in an HTL process works, which reduces process steps in advance for example extracting the lignin., Proceedings of the 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 9-12 May 2022, Online, pp. 867-874

Published
2022
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50. Crustal structure of Mars from the first observation of surface waves

Author

Kim, D., Banerdt, W.B., Ceylan, S., Giardini, D., Lekic, V., Lognonne, P., Beghein, C., Beucler, E., Carrasco, S., Charalambous, C., Clinton, J., Drilleau, M., Duran, C., Golombek, M., Joshi, Rakshit, Khan, A., Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Li, J., Maguire, R., Pike, W.T., Samuel, H., Schimmel, M., Schmerr, N., Stähler, S., Stutzmann, Éléonore, Wieczorek, M., Xu, Z., Batov, A., Bozdag, E., Dahmen, N., Davis, P., Gudkova, T., Horleston, A., Huang, Quancheng, Kawamura, T., King, S., McLennan, S M, Nimmo, F., Plasman, M., Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Stepanova, I., Weidner, E., Zenhäusern, Geraldine, Daubar, I., Fernando, B., Garcia, R., Posiolova, L., and Panning, M.

Subjects
Mars, Crustal structure, Surface waves, InSight
Published
2022

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