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Examined the impact of a school-based substance abuse prevention program on alternative high school students' risk for violence. Analysis of students followed over 12 months indicated that there was a higher risk for victimization among male control students. No intervention effect was observed for female students or for perpetration among males. (SM)

Uses data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 to describe state- and district-level policy support and coordination and state- and district-level policies regarding school environment, injury prevention, and substance use and violence prevention, noting school-level policies and practices in those areas, policies to inform students and parents about rules and consequences, and responses to student violations. (SM)

Objective To explore risk factors for sexual violence in childhood in a nationally representative sample of females aged 13 to 24 years in Swaziland. Methods During a household survey respondents were asked to report any experiences of sexual violence before the age of 18 years. The association between childhood sexual violence and several potential demographic and social risk factors was explored through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Findings Participants totalled 1244. Compared with respondents who had been close to their biological mothers as children, those who had not been close to her had higher odds of having experienced sexual violence (crude odds ratio, COR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.14-3.14), as did those who had had no relationship with her at all (COR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.34-2.80). In addition, greater odds of childhood sexual violence were noted among respondents who were not attending school at the time of the survey (COR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.70- 3.01); who were emotionally abused as children (COR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.50-2.79); and who knew of another child who had been sexually assaulted (COR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.31-2.40) er was having sex with a teacher (COR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.59-2.69). Childhood sexual violence was positively associated with the number of people the respondent had lived with at any one time (COR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). Conclusion Inadequate supervision er guidance and an unstable environment put girls at risk of sexual violence. Greater educational opportunities and an improved mother-daughter relationship could help prevent it. Objectif Etudier les facteurs de risque en matiere de violences sexuelles subies pendant I'enfance sur un echantillon de femmes agees de 13 a 24 ans nationalement representatif pour le Swaziland. Methodes Lors d'une enquete aupres des menages, il a ete demande aux personnes interrogees de signaler toute violence sexuelle vecue avant I'age de 18 ans. L'association entre les violences sexuelles subies pendant I'enfance et plusieurs facteurs de risque sociaux et demographiques potentiels a ete etudiee par le biais de la regression Iogistique bivariee et multivariee. Resultats Les participantes etaient au nombre de 1 244. Par rapport aux personnes interrogees qui avaient ete elevees par leur mere biologique Iors de leur enfance, celles qui n'etaient pas restees pres d'elle avaient plus de risques de subir des violences sexuelles (rapport des cotes brut, RCB: 1,89; lC de 95%: 1,14-3,14), tout comme celles qui n'avaient eu aucune relation avec leur rnere (RCB: 1,93; lC de 95%: 1,34-2,80). De plus, des probabilites plus importantes de violences sexuelles ont ete enregistrees chez les personnes interrogees qui n'etaient pas scolarisees Iorsqu'elles ont ete violentees (RCB: 2,26; lC de 95%: 1,70-3,01); qui ont ete victimes de violences psychologiques au cours de leur enfance (RCB: 2,04; lC de 95%: 1,50-2,79); et qui connaissaient un autre enfant qui avait subi des agressions sexuelles (RCB: 1,77; lC de 95%: 1,31-2,40) ou qui avait des rapports sexuels avec un enseignant (RCB: 2,07; lC de 95%: 1,59-2,69). Les violences sexuelles commises a I'encontre des enfants etaient positivement associees au nombre de personnes avec lesquelles la personne interrogee avait vecu a un moment donne (RCB: 1,03; lC de 95%: 1,01-1,06). Conclusion Une surveillance ou des conseils inadequats dans un environnement instable mettent les fillettes en danger de violences sexuelles. Une amelioration des chances d'education et de la relation mere/fille pourrait contribuer a prevenir de telles violences. Objetivo Determinar los factores de riesgo de la violencia de genero durante la ninez en una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 24 anos en Swazilandia. Metodos Durante una encuesta realizada en los hogares, se les pidio a las encuestadas que informaran de cualquier experiencia de violencia de genero sufrida antes de los 18 anos de edad. Mediante regresion logistica bifactorial y multifactorial se examino la relacion existente entre la violencia de genero en la ninez y diversos factores de riesgo potenciales, tanto de ambito demografico como social. Resultados El total de participantes fue de 1244. Comparadas con las encuestadas que habian permanecido cerca de sus madres durante la ninez, se comprobo que aquellas que no lo habian estado tenian mas probabilidad de haber sufrido violencia de genero (cociente de posibilidades bruto CPB: 1,89; lC del 95%: 1,14-3,14), al igual que las que no habian tenido ninguna relacion con sus madres en absoluto (CPB: 1,93; lC del 95% lC: 1,34-2,80): Ademas, se observo que existia una mayor probabilidad de violencia de genero durante la ninez entre las encuestadas que no asistian a la escuela en el momento de la entrevista (CPB: 2,26; lC del 95%: 1,70-3,01); quienes sufrieron abuso emocional durante su ninez (CPB: 2,04; lC del 95%: 1,50-2,79); y quienes conocian a alguna otra nina que habia sufrido violencia de genero (CPB: 1,77; lC del 95%: 1,31-2,40) o tenian relaciones sexuales con un profesor (CPB: 2,07; IG del 95%: 1,59-2,69). La violencia de genero durante la ninez estaba asociada con total seguridad con el numero de personas con las que habia convivido la encuestada en algun momento determinado (CPB: 1,03; IG del 95%: 1,01-1,06). Conclusion La supervision u orientacion inadecuadas y un entorno inestable ponen a la ninas en una situacion de riesgo de sufrir violencia de genero. Una mayor oportunidad educativa y una mejoria de la relacion madre-hija podrian contribuir a prevenirlo., Introduction Sexual violence during childhood is a public health problem of concern throughout the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. (1-3) In a study from South Africa, 1.6% of females were found [...]

Violence is a public health problem that can be understood and changed. Research over the past 2 decades has demonstrated that violence can be prevented and that, in some cases, prevention programs are more cost-effective than other policy options such as incarceration. The United States has much to contribute to--and stands to gain much from--global efforts to prevent violence. A new World Health Organization Initiative presents an opportunity for the United States to work with other nations to find cost-effective ways of preventing violence and reducing its enormous costs.

Most women who refuse an HIV test do not necessarily do so because they fear a violent reaction to the test result from their male partner. However, in a study of 490 women at sexually transmitted clinics, 16% reported partner violence in the previous year.

Earthquakes, hurricanes and severe floods can have extreme psychological effects that can even lead to suicidal behavior. Researchers analyzed suicide rates before and after several natural disasters in 377 US counties declared a natural disaster area between 1982 and 1989. Compared to suicide rates in the rest of the country, suicide rates in the year after an earthquake increased 63%. In the four years after a flood, suicide rates rose 14% and in the two years after a hurricane, suicide rates rose 31%. Disaster victims may need psychological counseling to prevent suicidal behavior.

Programs for preventing violence among youth should be evaluated to determine if they are effective. Nurses' logs appear to be a useful tool for evaluating school-based violence prevention programs. The logs provide a record of students' visits to the school nurse that can be used to determine if a violence prevention program is associated with a reduction in fighting -- and other injury-related nurse visits. This method has many strengths: it is simple and inexpensive, it does not interrupt the school routine, it permits school-level rather than student-level data collection, it provides a ready 'baseline, ' and it allows continuous data collection. However, potential limitations do exist. For example, the method may provide insufficient information and may be affected by factors unrelated to the intervention. School officials can increase the usefulness of the logs by encouraging standardization and providing training in their use. (J Sch Health. 1997-,67(5):171-174), Violence among youth is an important public health problem in the United States, and violence in schools has become a particular concern. Results from a 1995 survey indicated that 15.5% [...]