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2. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Author

Vos, Theo, Flaxman, Abraham D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lozano, Rafael, Michaud, Catherine, Ezzati, Majid, Shibuya, Kenji, Salomon, Joshua A, Abdalla, Safa, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry, Ackerman, Ilana, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Ahn, Stephanie Y, Ali, Mohammed K, AlMazroa, Mohammad A, Alvarado, Miriam, Anderson, H Ross, Anderson, Laurie M, Andrews, Kathryn G, Atkinson, Charles, Baddour, Larry M, Bahalim, Adil N, Barker-Collo, Suzanne, Barrero, Lope H, Bartels, David H, Basáñez, Maria-Gloria, Baxter, Amanda, Bell, Michelle L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Bennett, Derrick, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bhalla, Kavi, Bhandari, Bishal, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref, Birbeck, Gretchen, Black, James A, Blencowe, Hannah, Blore, Jed D, Blyth, Fiona, Bolliger, Ian, Bonaventure, Audrey, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Boussinesq, Michel, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Brayne, Carol, Bridgett, Lisa, Brooker, Simon, Brooks, Peter, Brugha, Traolach S, Bryan-Hancock, Claire, Bucello, Chiara, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey, Budke, Christine M, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter, Burstein, Roy, Calabria, Bianca, Campbell, Benjamin, Canter, Charles E, Carabin, Hélène, Carapetis, Jonathan, Carmona, Loreto, Cella, Claudia, Charlson, Fiona, Chen, Honglei, Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann, Chou, David, Chugh, Sumeet S, Coffeng, Luc E, Colan, Steven D, Colquhoun, Samantha, Colson, K Ellicott, Condon, John, Connor, Myles D, Cooper, Leslie T, Corriere, Matthew, Cortinovis, Monica, de Vaccaro, Karen Courville, Couser, William, Cowie, Benjamin C, Criqui, Michael H, Cross, Marita, Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C, Dahiya, Manu, Dahodwala, Nabila, Damsere-Derry, James, Danaei, Goodarz, Davis, Adrian, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dellavalle, Robert, Delossantos, Allyne, Denenberg, Julie, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, and Dharmaratne, Samath D

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Pain Research, Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundNon-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).MethodsOf the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.FindingsGlobal prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.InterpretationRates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2012

7. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Author

Murray, Christopher J L, primary, Vos, Theo, additional, Lozano, Rafael, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Flaxman, Abraham D, additional, Michaud, Catherine, additional, Ezzati, Majid, additional, Shibuya, Kenji, additional, Salomon, Joshua A, additional, Abdalla, Safa, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abraham, Jerry, additional, Ackerman, Ilana, additional, Aggarwal, Rakesh, additional, Ahn, Stephanie Y, additional, Ali, Mohammed K, additional, AlMazroa, Mohammad A, additional, Alvarado, Miriam, additional, Anderson, H Ross, additional, Anderson, Laurie M, additional, Andrews, Kathryn G, additional, Atkinson, Charles, additional, Baddour, Larry M, additional, Bahalim, Adil N, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Bartels, David H, additional, Basáñez, Maria-Gloria, additional, Baxter, Amanda, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Benjamin, Emelia J, additional, Bennett, Derrick, additional, Bernabé, Eduardo, additional, Bhalla, Kavi, additional, Bhandari, Bishal, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Abdulhak, Aref Bin, additional, Birbeck, Gretchen, additional, Black, James A, additional, Blencowe, Hannah, additional, Blore, Jed D, additional, Blyth, Fiona, additional, Bolliger, Ian, additional, Bonaventure, Audrey, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Bourne, Rupert, additional, Boussinesq, Michel, additional, Braithwaite, Tasanee, additional, Brayne, Carol, additional, Bridgett, Lisa, additional, Brooker, Simon, additional, Brooks, Peter, additional, Brugha, Traolach S, additional, Bryan-Hancock, Claire, additional, Bucello, Chiara, additional, Buchbinder, Rachelle, additional, Buckle, Geoffrey, additional, Budke, Christine M, additional, Burch, Michael, additional, Burney, Peter, additional, Burstein, Roy, additional, Calabria, Bianca, additional, Campbell, Benjamin, additional, Canter, Charles E, additional, Carabin, Hélène, additional, Carapetis, Jonathan, additional, Carmona, Loreto, additional, Cella, Claudia, additional, Charlson, Fiona, additional, Chen, Honglei, additional, Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann, additional, Chou, David, additional, Chugh, Sumeet S, additional, Coffeng, Luc E, additional, Colan, Steven D, additional, Colquhoun, Samantha, additional, Colson, K Ellicott, additional, Condon, John, additional, Connor, Myles D, additional, Cooper, Leslie T, additional, Corriere, Matthew, additional, Cortinovis, Monica, additional, de Vaccaro, Karen Courville, additional, Couser, William, additional, Cowie, Benjamin C, additional, Criqui, Michael H, additional, Cross, Marita, additional, Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C, additional, Dahiya, Manu, additional, Dahodwala, Nabila, additional, Damsere-Derry, James, additional, Danaei, Goodarz, additional, Davis, Adrian, additional, Leo, Diego De, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Dellavalle, Robert, additional, Delossantos, Allyne, additional, Denenberg, Julie, additional, Derrett, Sarah, additional, Des Jarlais, Don C, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath D, additional, Dherani, Mukesh, additional, Diaz-Torne, Cesar, additional, Dolk, Helen, additional, Dorsey, E Ray, additional, Driscoll, Tim, additional, Duber, Herbert, additional, Ebel, Beth, additional, Edmond, Karen, additional, Elbaz, Alexis, additional, Ali, Suad Eltahir, additional, Erskine, Holly, additional, Erwin, Patricia J, additional, Espindola, Patricia, additional, Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Feigin, Valery, additional, Felson, David T, additional, Ferrari, Alize, additional, Ferri, Cleusa P, additional, Fèvre, Eric M, additional, Finucane, Mariel M, additional, Flaxman, Seth, additional, Flood, Louise, additional, Foreman, Kyle, additional, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, additional, Fowkes, Francis Gerry R, additional, Fransen, Marlene, additional, Freeman, Michael K, additional, Gabbe, Belinda J, additional, Gabriel, Sherine E, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Ganatra, Hammad A, additional, Garcia, Bianca, additional, Gaspari, Flavio, additional, Gillum, Richard F, additional, Gmel, Gerhard, additional, Gonzalez-Medina, Diego, additional, Gosselin, Richard, additional, Grainger, Rebecca, additional, Grant, Bridget, additional, Groeger, Justina, additional, Guillemin, Francis, additional, Gunnell, David, additional, Gupta, Ramyani, additional, Haagsma, Juanita, additional, Hagan, Holly, additional, Halasa, Yara A, additional, Hall, Wayne, additional, Haring, Diana, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Harrison, James E, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Higashi, Hideki, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hoen, Bruno, additional, Hoffman, Howard, additional, Hotez, Peter J, additional, Hoy, Damian, additional, Huang, John J, additional, Ibeanusi, Sydney E, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Jarvis, Deborah, additional, Jasrasaria, Rashmi, additional, Jayaraman, Sudha, additional, Johns, Nicole, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Keren, Andre, additional, Khoo, Jon-Paul, additional, King, Charles H, additional, Knowlton, Lisa Marie, additional, Kobusingye, Olive, additional, Koranteng, Adofo, additional, Krishnamurthi, Rita, additional, Laden, Francine, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Laslett, Laura L, additional, Lathlean, Tim, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Lee, Yong Yi, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Levinson, Daphna, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Limb, Elizabeth, additional, Lin, John Kent, additional, Lipnick, Michael, additional, Lipshultz, Steven E, additional, Liu, Wei, additional, Loane, Maria, additional, Ohno, Summer Lockett, additional, Lyons, Ronan, additional, Mabweijano, Jacqueline, additional, MacIntyre, Michael F, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Mallinger, Leslie, additional, Manivannan, Sivabalan, additional, Marcenes, Wagner, additional, March, Lyn, additional, Margolis, David J, additional, Marks, Guy B, additional, Marks, Robin, additional, Matsumori, Akira, additional, Matzopoulos, Richard, additional, Mayosi, Bongani M, additional, McAnulty, John H, additional, McDermott, Mary M, additional, McGill, Neil, additional, McGrath, John, additional, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, additional, Meltzer, Michele, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Merriman, Tony R, additional, Meyer, Ana-Claire, additional, Miglioli, Valeria, additional, Miller, Matthew, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mitchell, Philip B, additional, Mock, Charles, additional, Mocumbi, Ana Olga, additional, Moffitt, Terrie E, additional, Mokdad, Ali A, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Montico, Marcella, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moran, Andrew, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Mori, Rintaro, additional, Murdoch, Michele E, additional, Mwaniki, Michael K, additional, Naidoo, Kovin, additional, Nair, M Nathan, additional, Naldi, Luigi, additional, Narayan, K M Venkat, additional, Nelson, Paul K, additional, Nelson, Robert G, additional, Nevitt, Michael C, additional, Newton, Charles R, additional, Nolte, Sandra, additional, Norman, Paul, additional, Norman, Rosana, additional, O'Donnell, Martin, additional, O'Hanlon, Simon, additional, Olives, Casey, additional, Omer, Saad B, additional, Ortblad, Katrina, additional, Osborne, Richard, additional, Ozgediz, Doruk, additional, Page, Andrew, additional, Pahari, Bishnu, additional, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, additional, Rivero, Andrea Panozo, additional, Patten, Scott B, additional, Pearce, Neil, additional, Padilla, Rogelio Perez, additional, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, additional, Perico, Norberto, additional, Pesudovs, Konrad, additional, Phillips, David, additional, Phillips, Michael R, additional, Pierce, Kelsey, additional, Pion, Sébastien, additional, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Pope, C Arden, additional, Popova, Svetlana, additional, Porrini, Esteban, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Prince, Martin, additional, Pullan, Rachel L, additional, Ramaiah, Kapa D, additional, Ranganathan, Dharani, additional, Razavi, Homie, additional, Regan, Mathilda, additional, Rehm, Jürgen T, additional, Rein, David B, additional, Remuzzi, Guiseppe, additional, Richardson, Kathryn, additional, Rivara, Frederick P, additional, Roberts, Thomas, additional, Robinson, Carolyn, additional, De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Room, Robin, additional, Rosenfeld, Lisa C, additional, Rushton, Lesley, additional, Sacco, Ralph L, additional, Saha, Sukanta, additional, Sampson, Uchechukwu, additional, Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, additional, Sanman, Ella, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Scott, James Graham, additional, Segui-Gomez, Maria, additional, Shahraz, Saeid, additional, Shepard, Donald S, additional, Shin, Hwashin, additional, Shivakoti, Rupak, additional, Silberberg, Donald, additional, Singh, David, additional, Singh, Gitanjali M, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singleton, Jessica, additional, Sleet, David A, additional, Sliwa, Karen, additional, Smith, Emma, additional, Smith, Jennifer L, additional, Stapelberg, Nicolas JC, additional, Steer, Andrew, additional, Steiner, Timothy, additional, Stolk, Wilma A, additional, Stovner, Lars Jacob, additional, Sudfeld, Christopher, additional, Syed, Sana, additional, Tamburlini, Giorgio, additional, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, additional, Taylor, Hugh R, additional, Taylor, Jennifer A, additional, Taylor, William J, additional, Thomas, Bernadette, additional, Thomson, W Murray, additional, Thurston, George D, additional, Tleyjeh, Imad M, additional, Tonelli, Marcello, additional, Towbin, Jeffrey A, additional, Truelsen, Thomas, additional, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K, additional, Ubeda, Clotilde, additional, Undurraga, Eduardo A, additional, van der Werf, Marieke J, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, Vavilala, Monica S, additional, Venketasubramanian, N, additional, Wang, Mengru, additional, Wang, Wenzhi, additional, Watt, Kerrianne, additional, Weatherall, David J, additional, Weinstock, Martin A, additional, Weintraub, Robert, additional, Weisskopf, Marc G, additional, Weissman, Myrna M, additional, White, Richard A, additional, Whiteford, Harvey, additional, Wiebe, Natasha, additional, Wiersma, Steven T, additional, Wilkinson, James D, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, Williams, Sean RM, additional, Witt, Emma, additional, Wolfe, Frederick, additional, Woolf, Anthony D, additional, Wulf, Sarah, additional, Yeh, Pon-Hsiu, additional, Zaidi, Anita KM, additional, Zheng, Zhi-Jie, additional, Zonies, David, additional, and Lopez, Alan D, additional

Published
2012
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9. Male prisoner tobacco use and oral cancer knowledge: a case study of a local prison in India.

Author

Dahiya M and Croucher R

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Areca, Chi-Square Distribution, Educational Status, Humans, India epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco, Smokeless, Young Adult, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mouth Neoplasms psychology, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Smoking epidemiology
Abstract

Unlabelled: There is a high prevalence of tobacco consumption among prisoners. This study aimed to establish tobacco use, to explore and assess oral cancer awareness and to identify associations between oral cancer awareness and tobacco use in a sample of male prisoners in a local Indian prison., Methodology: A systematically selected random sample of male prisoners participated and a structured interview schedule was used, generated from two different sets of validated standardised questionnaires: the WHO STEPS instrument for NCD (Non Communicable Diseases) Risk Factors to assess tobacco consumption and the modified Humphris Oral Cancer Knowledge Scale to assess oral cancer knowledge., Results: Participation rate was 100%. Prevalence of tobacco consumption, mainly smoked, amongst prisoners was 68.5% (95% CI 63, 73%) The mean oral cancer knowledge score amongst prisoners was 13.28 (95% CI 12.9, 13.6). Statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) were found between oral cancer knowledge and age of participants, years of education and starting age of tobacco use. No association was found between oral cancer knowledge and tobacco consumption., Conclusions: Tobacco use was high. Knowledge did not appear to impact on this behaviour, indicating the need for effective smoking interventions in this sample.

Published
2010

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