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23. Transitioning Toward a Zero-Emission Electricity Sector in a Net-Zero Pathway for Africa Delivers Contrasting Energy, Economic and Sustainability Synergies Across the Region

Author

Adun, Humphrey, Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa, and Dagbasi, Mustafa

Abstract

Although Africa contributes less than 5% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, its role in global climate action is pivotal. To date, 53 African countries have submitted their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and four have committed to a net-zero target. However, many of Africa’s NDCs are vaguely expressed and without specific focus on explicit sectoral decarbonization targets. Furthermore, Africa’s huge land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) potential remains unclear in the context of enabling net-zero (NZ) emissions within the continent. This study achieves two objectives: Under a NZ GHG emission trajectory in Africa, we uncover the implications of a targeted zero-emission electricity sector by 2030, on the energy landscape and other sustainability factors. This study also features the role of land-based biological removal methods─bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (A/R)─in net zero actualization in Africa. Our results reveal a unified but disparate actualisation of the mid-century net zero emission goal across the continent, as all regions except North Africa achieve carbon neutrality. The industrial sector faces significant difficulties in transitioning and contributes substantially to positive emissions on the continent, with its share of total residual emissions reaching 49–64% by 2050. This difficulty persists even with targeted sectoral decarbonization of the electricity sector, although it is significantly reduced by the availability of BECCS as a CDR option. Under the zero-emission electricity pathway, emissions in buildings and transport sectors are reduced due to rapid electrification. A trade-off emerges in the net zero pathway concerning land allocation for negative emissions versus other land use activities. A key result shows that achieving a net zero target in Africa leads to a cumulative loss of $102 billion in fossil fuel infrastructure within the electricity sector by mid-century, which doubles when the zero-emission electricity goal is achieved.

Published
2024
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41. Optimal design and sensitivity analysis of distributed biomass‐based hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification: Case study of different photovoltaic/wind/battery‐integrated options in Babadam, northern Cameroon

Author

Yimen, Nasser, primary, Monkam, Louis, additional, Tcheukam‐Toko, Denis, additional, Musa, Bashir, additional, Abang, Roger, additional, Fombe, Lawrence Fon, additional, Abbasoglu, Serkan, additional, and Dagbasi, Mustafa, additional

Published
2021
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42. Optimal design and sensitivity analysis of distributed biomass‐based hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification: Case study of different photovoltaic/wind/battery‐integrated options in Babadam, northern Cameroon.

Author

Yimen, Nasser, Monkam, Louis, Tcheukam‐Toko, Denis, Musa, Bashir, Abang, Roger, Fombe, Lawrence Fon, Abbasoglu, Serkan, and Dagbasi, Mustafa

Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources, RURAL electrification, HYBRID power systems, SENSITIVITY analysis, DIESEL electric power-plants, SUSTAINABLE development, ANAEROBIC digestion
Abstract

It is commonly recommended to incorporate diesel generators into distributed hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) to lower the system's total cost and make the generated electricity affordable. Due to the environmental and economic issues associated with fossil fuel use, biomass power technologies (BPT) appear to be an attractive alternative to diesel generators. The HOMER software was used to model, simulate, and optimise two photovoltaic/wind/battery systems integrated with different BPT (anaerobic digestion or gasification) to satisfy the electrical needs of Babadam, a remote community in northern Cameroon. The results indicated that the anaerobic digester integrated system's overall optimal architecture included a 98.1 kW photovoltaic array, a 30 kW biogas generator, and 200 batteries, with a cost of energy (COE) of $0.347/kWh. On the other hand, the gasifier integrated option is made up of an 81.8 kW photovoltaic array, a 15 kW syngas generator, and 200 batteries and has a COE of $0.319/kW. Additionally, compared to the PV/Wind/Battery system, integrating the biogas (resp. syngas) generator showed a potential COE decrease of 29% (resp. 40%). The sensitivity analysis highlighted the validity of this COE reduction potential everywhere in sub‐Saharan Africa, leading to the conclusion that integrating BPT into HRESs can effectively contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. A review of renewable energy potential in Nigeria; solar power development over the years

Author

Olusola Bamisile, Dagbasi, Mustafa, Akinola Babatunde, and Oluwaseun Ayodele

Subjects
Optimization, lcsh:T, Electricity production, lcsh:Technology (General), Electricity production, Solar chimney, Optimization, Wind turbine, Renewable energy systems, lcsh:T1-995, Solar chimney, Wind turbine, lcsh:Technology, Renewable energy systems
Abstract

Nigeria is one of most populated countries in the world. With a population of about 170 million people, the nation is enriched with diverse renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Despite this huge energy potential, only about 50% of her population have access to electricity. The main objective of this review is to present and analyze the renewable energy potentials of Nigeria with special attention and consideration to the past, present and future of solar energy development. The country aims to achieve electricity production of 9.74%, 18% and 20% of her electricity from renewables by 2015, 2020 and 2030, respectively. Solar energy is expected to produce 1.26%, 6.92% and 15.27% of the electricity consumed by 2015, 2020 and 2030, respectively. If these targets are met, the proportion of the population with access to electricity will increase drastically. Data collected from various reputable energy sources and Journals are reviewed. Nigeria has renewable energy resources including biomass, wind, hydropower and solar energy. These resources can sufficiently meet the country’s energy demands, but statistics show that Nigeria still lacks adequate supplies to meet her electricity demands. The policies put in place to meet her energy targets and the current status of the country’s supply and demand for electricity are discussed in detail.

Published
2017

50. Energy models for cost-optimal analysis: Development and calibration of residential reference building models for Northern Cyprus.

Author

Dakyen, Manta Marcelinus, Dagbasi, Mustafa, and Özdenefe, Murat

Subjects
ENERGY consumption, HOUSING development, PLANNED communities, STANDARD deviations, COMMERCIAL buildings, ELECTRIC power consumption, DWELLINGS
Abstract

Ambitious energy efficiency goals constitute an important roadmap towards attaining a low-carbon society. Thus, various building-related stakeholders have introduced regulations targeting the energy efficiency of buildings. However, some countries still lack such policies. This paper is an effort to help bridge this gap for Northern Cyprus, a country devoid of building energy regulations that still experiences electrical energy production and distribution challenges, principally by establishing reference residential buildings which can be the cornerstone for prospective building regulations. Statistical analysis of available building stock data was performed to determine existing residential reference buildings. Five residential reference buildings with distinct configurations that constituted over 75% floor area share of the sampled data emerged, with floor areas varying from 191 to 1006 m2. EnergyPlus models were developed and calibrated for five residential reference buildings against yearly measured electricity consumption. Values of Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Cumulative Variation of Root Mean Squared Error CV(RMSE) between the models' energy consumption and real energy consumption on monthly based analysis varied within the following ranges: (MBE)monthly from –0.12% to 2.01% and CV(RMSE)monthly from 1.35% to 2.96%. Thermal energy required to maintain the models' setpoint temperatures for cooling and heating varied from 6,134 to 11,451 kWh/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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