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This paper presents a method and mock-up design for evaluating the heat-island mitigation effect of porous/water-retentive blocks in a climatic environmental chamber using ambient temperature measurements. To create the proposed method, the heat circulation mechanism of blocks was considered. From this, we specified the climatic chamber design requirements, determined the required components and equipment for the mock-up, and developed the proposed method for evaluating heat-island mitigation performance based on ambient temperature. Using the proposed mock-up design and method, we confirmed that both surface and air temperatures were lower when porous/water-retentive blocks were installed compared to conventional blocks. This method can be used to analyze the difference between surface and ambient temperatures under various conditions to quantify the heat-island mitigation performance of different materials according to ambient temperature.

The load-balancing method is to make the different amount of heating and cooling loads to be similar as possible for handling the more load by the balanced heat recovery (BHR) system which has higher energy performance than auxiliary system. When this method is applied, the zone set temperatures should be in comfort range and the additional energy to BHR system should not exceed the energy consumption by auxiliary system of general method. In result, the total energy consumption is lower, and some zones were more comfortable because heating or cooling set temperature was varied to the middle of comfort range.

This study is aimed to propose a Simultaneous Heating and Cooling System with Thermal Storage Tanks which performs based on the balanced heat recovery considering energy efficiency and to suggest the operation method of proposed system. To achieve these aims, the essential equipment to the system containing terminal system was determined and a method for applying a variety of heat sources and sinks with one plant was suggested. The operation strategy is suggested for a heat pump to select the heat source or sink while considering zone temperature stability and to maximize the usage of the simultaneous heating and cooling system as much as possible. To achieve this aim, reference points for control were set in order to prevent a lack of available energy, and the priority was given to balancing modes which is only performed by proposed simultaneous heating and cooling system. The simulation results show that all supply temperatures can satisfy the design temperature; therefore, the zone temperatures are controlled well with a small amount of energy input for the auxiliary system.

The purpose of this study is to make the target condition of experimental assessment based on the standard EN1264. To achieve this purpose, the characteristic errors, which are caused by characteristics of experimental setup and prevent the results from meeting the target condition, should be removed. This study proposes an experimental setup and suggests a control strategy based on standard EN1264. For the specifications of the experimental setup, the essential equipment and the configuration of the heat production system were deduced. For a proper control strategy, possible control strategies were derived by investigating the control-related factors such as reference points and control algorithms, and the most proper control strategy was validated by experimental assessment. Practical application: This study presents an experimental assessment to evaluate the thermal output of radiant floor heating systems based on the standard EN1264 referenced by ISO11855-2:2012. The proposed experimental assessment method will be able to supplement ISO11855-2:2012 and contribute to the development of thermally effective radiant heating panels. Therefore, it is expected that the results will be helpful to researchers for indoor environment, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning engineers, system manufacturers, and those who want to analyze the thermal output of radiant floor heating panels based on ISO 11855-2:2012.

An energy balancing system (EBS) performs heating and cooling by utilizing the refrigerant cycle. As it produces heating and cooling simultaneously, EBS has an advantage when heating and cooling demand occur simultaneously. Furthermore, with increase in a thermal storage capacity, it can conduct energy balancing by heating and cooling which occur at different times. It can result in both an increase in the heating and cooling produced by energy balancing and a reduction in operating cost. However, it leads to increase the initial cost of the thermal storage tank. This study suggests that total cost should be considered adapting EBS.