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Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the positive predictive value (PPV) of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 at first and second trimester using amniocentesis for clinical practice. Methods:This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which data were extracted from a cohort project of mother and infant conducted between March 2016 and February 2021 among 3110 pregnant women in Yazd city. Results: Out of 3110 pregnant women, 84 mothers were at high risk in the screening tests of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and therefore were candidates for amniocentesis. None of them were detected by the positive amniocentesis method. The mean age of mothers was 33.2 years. The causes of amniocentesis included old age (45.9%), positive results of Down syndrome screening (23%), high NT ultrasound (4.9%), and pathological results of anomaly scan sonography (3.8%). Conclusion: In this study, the PPV was zero and the number of false positives in screening tests was 84 (100%). This may be because our population was normal and had no history of genetic abnormalities or other special conditions.

Background: The incidence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. The exact prevalence of GDM in Iran is unknown. This study aimed to identify the incidence of GDM and the risk factors based on a cohort study in Yazd. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving 3110 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Yazd, Iran between 2015 and 2020. GDM was diagnosed using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) for each participant at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Demographic information was collected at enrollment and during pregnancy. The multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for GDM. Results: The overall incidence of GDM was 10.93% in this study. The incidence of GDM in the first, second and third trimesters were 5.65, 2.25 and 3.11%, respectively. The mean age of mothers was calculated to be 28.64 ± 5.53 years. By logistic regression, significant factors associated with GDM were age, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy High blood pressure, history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of GDM was 10.93%, which was high. The significant risk factors for GDM were age, BMI, smoking, smoking exposure in the current pregnancy and history of GDM and DM. Also, GDM pregnancies have a higher risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Therefore, considering the high incidence of GDM in Yazd, general screening is highly recommended and more studies are needed in other parts of Yazd province.

Introduction: Vitamin D is a hormonal precursor that in addition to known roles, may have an important effect on mental disorders such as depression. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the extent of vitamin D deficiency and depression and their relationship in thyroid patients referred to The clinic of Yazd Diabetes Center has been performed. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional-analytical study that was performed on 150 thyroid patients referred to the Yazd Diabetes Center Clinic. Results: In this study, 150 thyroid patients including 55 men and 11. women with a mean age of 41.40± 7.61years participated. The mean score of Beck depression among these patients was 28.71± 8.34 .The mean level of vitamin D in these patients was 20.58 ± 7.21 ng / ml so that a total of 85% of thyroid patients were in the group of insufficient levels of vitamin D. A significant negative correlation was observed between depression score and serum vitamin D levels (r = -0.79 and p

Background: To date, some cases of perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been reported. However, it is unanswered if these occurred via the trans-placental or the trans-cervical route or through environmental exposure. Methods: To address this question, we conducted this study to review the current state of knowledge about the transplacental transmission of COVID-19. Results: There are no known placental findings associated with the COVID-19 infection. The possibility of intrauterine infection has been based mainly on the detection of IgM in the neonatal blood. Real time-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are required to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission. Conclusion: There is currently no sufficient and convincing evidence about the transplacental transmission of SARS-COV-2 infection in pregnant mothers. However, the paucity of placental expression of ACE-2 involved in the cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2 may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection.

Background Diabetes is one of the multifactorial disorders with genetics and environmental factors playing important role in its cause. In diabetes, the defects in cellular metabolism results in increasing free radicals. These radicals react with other vital cellular molecules which are responsible in diabetes side effects. Human glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a family of enzymes that catalyses conjugation of electrophilic substances with glutathione. In this research the deletion of two of the most important genes of this family; GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was investigated as the risk factor for diabetes mellitus type II and one of its most important complications; retinopathy. Material and methods In this study deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes in 57 diabetics’ patients with retinopathy and 58 diabetic peoples without retinopathy was examined. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and then multiplex PCR was performed following agarose gel electrophoresis to detect GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes. Data were analyzed with SPSS v16 software. Results The results indicated that there was significant relationship between GSTM1 null genotype with retinopathy side effect of diabetes type 2. While there was no significant relationship between GSTT1 null genotypes with retinopathy in diabetes type 2. Conclusion Significant correlation between GSTM1 null genotype and retinopathy in this and other studies could indicate this fact that impair cellular metabolism result in increase free radicals and oxidative pressure. Therefore, GST null genotypes may result in decrease antioxidant capacity which causes side effects of diabetes. Considering the performance of different classes of GST null genotypes additional studies are required to confirm this study.