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Abstract The recent advancements in nanotechnology have significantly impacted wound healing, particularly through the development of electrospun nanofibers (NFs). This review summarizes research on electrospun NFs made from chitosan, gelatin, curcumin, and rutin, focusing on their potential for wound healing applications. Chitosan is noted for its antimicrobial and biocompatible properties, gelatin for its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and curcumin and rutin for their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Electrospinning is employed to produce these NFs with controlled diameters and morphologies. This review discusses the preparation methods, optimal electrospinning parameters, and challenges like solution viscosity and environmental conditions. It also includes an assessment of NFs using SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, tensile testing, and DSC to evaluate morphology, chemical composition, mechanical and thermal properties, and biodegradability. In vitro and in vivo testing evaluate the NFs' wound healing efficacy, including biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and wound closure rates in animal models. The review highlights that NF combining chitosan, gelatin, curcumin, and rutin show enhanced wound healing due to their synergistic properties, which promote cell proliferation, reduce inflammation, and prevent infection. Despite promising results, challenges in optimizing the synthesis process and ensuring consistent clinical performance remain. Further research is needed to address these challenges and advance the clinical application of these NFs. This review aims to guide future research and contribute to the development of more effective wound-healing therapies.

Abstract This study investigates the potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as additives to enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping characteristics of shock absorber oil. Shock absorbers play a critical role in vehicle safety and handling by mitigating vibrations from road irregularities. However, their effectiveness deteriorates over time. To address this, CuO nanoparticles were explored for their ability to improve lubricant performance. Nano-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles at varying concentrations of 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 1.5 wt% in a base oil using ultrasonication. The novelty of this research lies in the innovative use of CuO nanoparticles to significantly enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping properties of shock absorber oil. The viscosity of these nano-lubricants increased significantly, with the 1 wt% CuO nano-lubricant achieving a 20% increase at 25 °C compared to the base oil, indicating improved load-carrying capacity and potential friction reduction. Vibration damping performance was evaluated using a dedicated shock absorber test rig. The nano-lubricants exhibited reduced overall vibration acceleration compared to plain oil, with a 15% improvement in damping effectiveness at the optimal CuO concentration. However, the transmissibility ratio, a key damping metric, did not show significant variation, suggesting that traditional shock absorber designs might require modifications to fully leverage the benefits of CuO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to enhance the viscosity and damping characteristics of shock absorber oil, leading to improved performance at lower temperatures.

Abstract The rotary hydroponics system offers a space-saving and potentially high-yielding solution for soilless cultivation, promoting efficient resource use and automation for sustainable food production. This research investigates a closed-loop rotary hydroponics system designed to revolutionize fenugreek yield and enhance food security through resource-efficient and automated cultivation. Building upon the established benefits of aeroponics, particularly its efficient use of space and resources, rotary hydroponics introduces a groundbreaking, cylindrical design. This innovative approach not only maximizes space efficiency but also paves the way for further automation within the cultivation process. The proposed study delves into the design, development, and experimental analysis of a closed-loop, self-sustaining, and low-maintenance rotary hydroponics system specifically designed for fenugreek cultivation. The system prioritizes minimal human intervention through the integration of software-controlled monitoring and parameter adjustments. The research investigates the effectiveness of the system in promoting plant growth and analyzes the growth stages of fenugreek seedlings transplanted into the system. The experiment yielded promising results, with fenugreek plants reaching full maturity within 30 days and achieving an average height of 15–20 cm. These findings highlight the potential of the rotary hydroponics system to revolutionize fenugreek yield and bolster food security through its resource-efficient and sustainable cultivation approach.

Abstract Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich biological fertilizer with a variety of microorganisms that are thought to be significant in increasing the growth and yield of various field crops, vegetables, flowering plants, and fruit trees. Vermicomposting has attracted a lot of attention as an extensive approach for restoring the environment, producing nutrient-rich bio-fertilizers, and growing crops in a sustainable manner. It isploying earthworms to break down complex organic waste into simpler materials that could be taken up by plants. Vermicomposting yields a valuable byproduct called vermi-wash, which enhances crop resistance against diseases, stimulates seed germination, and improves overall plant vigor. This research paper sheds light on the significance of vermicomposting as a sustainable waste management solution and an eco-friendly means to enhance agricultural productivity. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the composition and quality of vermicompost, the materials used in the process, the vermicomposting procedure, and the subsequent effects on crop performance. Through the adoption of vermicomposting practices, agricultural systems can become more environmentally friendly, economically viable, and resilient for a sustainable future.

Abstract This research paper presents the synthesis of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastic (Glass-FRP) and Natural Fiber-Hybrid Composites (NFHC) using Hand Lay-up techniques. The aim of the this research is on assessing mechanical characteristics of composites made from different natural fibers, including jute, flax, coir, and hair fibers. The study sought to evaluate the influence of natural fiber addition on mechanical characteristics of the composite material and to emphasize the significance of altering fiber type, orientation, resin type, and curing conditions to optimize composite characteristics for particular applications. The mechanical characteristics of these composites were evaluated using tensile and flexural testing. This study significantly enhances the mechanical properties of Glass-FRP composites by incorporating Jute fibers, showcasing a superior tensile strength of 71.29 MPa and the highest flexural strength of 67.73 MPa. The investigation showed that the combination of natural and glass fibers may produce a lightweight, highly-strengthen composite material with enhanced mechanical characteristics that can be employed in a wide range of technical applications.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are attracting a significant amount of interest as energy storage devices owing to their higher specific power, rapid charging–discharging rate, and prolonged cyclic stability. Carbon-based materials are used frequently in SCs because of their excellent electric conductivity, stable chemical properties, and low cost. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted much interest as they perform well electrochemically, have a large surface area, and show substantial mechanical characteristics; as well as having a high carbon yield among all polymer PAN. In this paper, an extensive review of the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance of electrospun PAN CNFs is presented. An overview of the electrospinning procedure and properties of PAN CNFs that make them suitable for SC applications is presented. Various characterization methods, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and surface area analysis, have been carried out to evaluate the morphological, structural, and surface properties of PAN CNFs. The review also highlights the recent advances in modification and functionalization to enhance their electrochemical performance, including doping, surface functionalization, and hybridization. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been employed for electrochemical characterization. Finally, a comparative study between various carbon-based and electrospun PAN CNF electrode materials for SCs has been conducted. The review is concluded by discussing the challenges, opportunities, and possible future trends in the development of high-performance electrode material. This comprehensive review provides valuable insightful information on the design and optimization of electrospun PAN CNF electrode materials for SC applications.