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This study explored spatial patterns of the 10 most prevalent cancers in north-eastern Iran. Getis-Ord G* and Anselin Local Moran's Index ‎were used for identifying ‎hotspots and local clusters. Except for breast cancer, all cancer types were more frequent among males. Cluster analysis in men showed hotspots of breast cancer in the South-West, skin cancer in the East/South-East, and brain tumours in the North. Among women, there were hotspots for skin cancer in the East and South-East, bladder cancer in the Central and East. ‎This study indicates a possible relationship between the high ‎incidence of certain cancers and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of a highly efficient and reusable catalyst, ruthenium immobilized in zeolite beta, are reported. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, BET surface area measurements, scanning electron micrographs, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma, and elemental analysis. The supported material was used as an efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 4H-benzo[b]pyrans and pyrano©chromenes in good yields. The catalyst was separated from the reaction mixture and reused up to five runs without significant loss of activity. Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis, zeolite beta, Schiffbase condensation, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran, pyrano©chromene. La synthese et la caracterisation d'un catalyseur reutilisable a haut rendement, du ruthenium immobilise dans de la zeolite beta, est decrite. Le catalyseur a ete caracterise par diffractometrie de poudre (diffractometrie de rayons X), mesures de la surface specifique par la methode BET, micrographie electronique a balayage, spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de Fourier et au moyen d'un plasma couple par induction et d'une analyse elementaire. Le materiau supporte a ete utilise comme catalyseur efficace de la synthese monotope a trois composants du 4H-enzo[b]pyrans et des pyrano©chromenes obtenus avec de bons rendements. Le catalyseur a ete separe du melange reactionnel et reutilise pendant cinq cycles sans perte importante d'activite. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: catalyse heterogene, zeolite beta, base de Schiff obtenue par condensation, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrane, pyrano©chromene., Introduction Heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts combines the advantages of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis. (1) A general trend for converting a homogeneous process into a heterogeneous one is to immobilize catalysts [...]

Three-component cyclocondensation of [beta]-naphthol, aldehydes, and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone) was catalyzed efficiently by ruthenium chloride hydrate under mild reaction conditions to afford 12-aryl or alkyl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one derivatives in good to excellent yields. Key words: ruthenium, one-pot synthesis, tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one. La cyclocondensation a trois composants du [beta]-naphtol, d'aldehydes et de 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone) est catalysee d'une facon efficace par l'hydrate du chlorure de ruthenium, dans des conditions douces, pour conduire a la formation de derives 12-aryl- ou 12-alkyl- de la 8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one, avec des rendements allant de bons a excellents. Mots-cles : ruthenium, synthese monotope, tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one., Introduction In recent years, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have attracted great attention from research groups working in medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and materials science as they furnish the desired products in [...]

Background and purpose: Neuropathic pain is one of the most common types of chronic pain that is very difficult to treat. Numerous studies have shown the potential role of vitamins in relieving both hyperalgesia and allodynia. Based on the convincing evidence, this study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of biotin on neuropathic pain in rats. Experimental approach: This study was performed on male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g. Neuropathic pain was induced by tying the sciatic nerve. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve resulted in hyperalgesia and allodynia. To measure the thermal hyperalgesia, the plantar test was used. Also to evaluate the cold and mechanical allodynia, acetone test and von Frey test were applied. Biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg) was administered orally as two different treatment regimens, acute and chronic. Findings/Results: Acute oral administration of biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg p.o.) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperative days couldn't reduce pain sensitivity compared to the CCI group. However, following the oral administration of biotin (8 and 16 mg/kg p.o.) from the first day after the surgery until day 21, mechanical allodynia (P < 0.001) and heat hyperalgesia (P < 0.05) significantly relieved. Conclusion and implications: Our results suggest that biotin can be considered as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of neuropathic pain, and supplementation with this vitamin could reduce the required doses of analgesic drugs. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria causes nosocomial infections, which by the biofilm formation can be effective in the creation of chronic diseases, and the creation and strengthening of drug resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic biofilm formation by S. aureus isolated from clinical samples and their association with antimicrobial resistance. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study from Dec 2019 to Sep 2019, 200 clinical samples were obtained from AJA hospitals in Tehran. All samples were analyzed using blood agar, Baird-Parker Agar, mannitol salt agar and catalase, OF and coagulase assays. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method. Multiplex PCR method was used to identify biofilm formation genes, includes icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes. Data analyzed using SPSS 20 and the X2 test. Results: Out of 200 cultivated samples, 83 (41.5%) cases were confirmed as S. aureus. The highest resistance was observed to Penicillin (94%), Tetracycline (72%), Ampicillin (54%), and Cefoxitin (51%), respectively. Phenotypic biofilm formation ability reported in 65% of isolates. The frequency of presence of icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes was estimated at 67.4%, 60.2%, 61.4%, and 62.6%, respectively. Eighty-seven percent of biofilm producing strains were multidrug-resistant, while all the biofilm negative strains were non- multiple drug resistance (P< 0/05). Conclusion: According to the results, Biofilm-positive strains have a very high propensity to demonstrate antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance and resistance to methicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]