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As humans, we seem to be fascinated by ostracism. Ostracism has been popularized by the entertainment industry as we watch numerous reality shows where in each episode someone is “voted off the island” or “voted out of the house” by peers and strangers alike. People are generally “voted off” because: they are a weak link in team effectiveness, they are disliked because of the way they interact with others of how they engage with the game, they are a threat to win the game (and therefore cause me to not win), or they are not part of a powerful in-group and therefore are categorized as different from others in the collective group setting. The ostracized individual is subsequently deemed not worthy of being a member of a group and is frequently socially ignored by others in the group or organization. These dynamics of ostracism are virtually no different in the workplace.

Purpose – One role of a foreign subsidiary within a multinational corporation’s (MNC’s) global portfolio is to connect the MNC to foreign customers. To examine this key customer contact point, this study aims to examine the linkages between local market conditions and strategic orientation, and how strategic orientation influences knowledge management capabilities of MNC subsidiaries, employing the Miles and Snow strategic orientation perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted of 112 managers in foreign MNC subsidiaries in Croatia. Data were analyzed with both discriminant analysis and MANCOVA. Findings – The results indicate that in highly dynamic and competitively intense markets, MNC subsidiaries primarily employ a Prospector orientation. Furthermore, the results indicate that there is a significant difference in knowledge management capabilities among subsidiaries depending on their strategic orientation, with the Prospector orientation most closely aligned with knowledge acquisition, knowledge conversion and knowledge application. Practical implications – The findings highlight the importance of strategic orientation in MNC subsidiaries tailoring to local market conditions. The results suggest that MNC subsidiaries undertaking a Prospector strategic orientation develop greater knowledge acquisition, conversion and application capabilities. Originality/value – This study conceptualizes the MNC subsidiary as a key marketing element of the global MNC whole and examines the nuanced relationships between the host environment and MNC foreign subsidiary strategic orientation as well as MNC subsidiary strategic orientation and knowledge management relationship

It is now widely accepted that one of the main sources of economic growth lies in the successful embodiment of new knowledge about products processes and support systems within organization. What complicates this new knowledge is that there is a difference between an organization’s ability to learn and its ability to apply learning efficiently and effectively. After a short introduction to the theoretical foundations of innovation and knowledge, Section 2 analyses the level of innovativeness of the companies in Croatia. Our analyses are based on the information se collected from a Questionnaire given to Croatian companies. In this paper the results of innovative practices in Croatian export companies are presented. The survey investigates innovative activity in last five years. The main findings from this survey are that approximately one third of the companies’ registers patents and apply innovation. However, the number of innovations per company is rather small. Improved product quality, introduction of new technology/equipment, and increase of the market share the most important motives for innovations. Increase in specialization and production is the most often benefit of the innovative activity. The survey reveals the strong correlation between total revenue and investments an innovative activity and between total revenue and number of registered innovations. Companies from manufacture of electrical and optical equipment: electricity, gas and water supply ; and manufacture of machinery and equipment are particularly active in innovative activities. Building on analyses of the changes taking places in R&D management this paper in conclusion indicates Opportunities and Challenges and offers some options for solving the gap in tacitness, asset specificity, complexity, cultural distance and organizational distance between developed and emerging countries like Croatia.

The increase in cooperative global arrangements between suppliers and customers has grown precipitously in the last five years. These global account management (GAM) strategies frequently are brought about due to the initiative of the global customer, requiring their suppliers to manage their total global needs. In other cases, suppliers perceive GAM as a means to develop long-term relationships with key global customers and at the same time hinder competitive inroads. The managerial considerations in implementing and managing GAM teams are the focus of this paper. A step-by-step process for management to follow when implementing a GAM program is also discussed.

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (MandA) are considered one of the main strategies employed by firms to maintain a competitive edge and compete in the high-velocity global industry. This research field holds great promise as many facets are underexplored. Taking into consideration the growing interdisciplinary interest in MandA research, in this article, we performed content analysis in combination with the statistical procedure homogeneity analysis by means of alternating least squares (HOMALS) on 933 articles gathered from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The quantitative analysis of the intellectual structure of cross-border MandA field yielded the six topics of interest for future research: acquisition versus strategic alliance or joint venture, partial purchase, the outbound acquisitions from emerging-market firms, micro-multinationals, the human side of cross-border acquisitions that tie in with the upper echelons research and knowledge management and transfer, in specific, tacit knowledge.

Inspired by the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda Millennium Development Goals, this chapter is an exercise to understand how the technology management (TM) discipline could reduce gender inequality in technology industries. We conduct a literature review of the TM field in the top 10 journals and then present the studies examining women’s role in technology-based industries as managers or entrepreneurs. The findings underline how gender equality is almost a non-existing topic in TM. Hence, this chapter actively calls researchers in developing data and knowledge on gender equality issues for women in technology industries. By owning the problem, TM discipline could produce research that will lay the ground for strategies and policies related to women’s employment and leadership in technology industries.

Due to increased competitive pressure, modern organizations tend to rely on knowledge and its exploitation to sustain a long-term advantage. This calls for a precise understanding of knowledge management (KM) processes and, specifically, how knowledge is created, shared/transferred, acquired, stored/retrieved, and applied throughout an organizational system. However, since the beginning of the new millennium, such KM processes have been deeply affected and molded by the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, also called Industry 4.0, which involves the inter contentedness of machines and their ability to learn and share data autonomously. For this reason, the present article investigates the intellectual structure and trends of KM in Industry 4.0. Bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review are conducted on a total of 90 relevant articles. The results reveal six clusters of keywords, subsequently explored via a systematic literature review to identify potential stream of this emergent field and future research avenues capable of producing meaningful advances in managerial knowledge of Industry 4.0 and its consequences.

Scientific research on digitalization and its impact on business models has been growing exponentially in recent years. This has been particularly evident from 2010 onwards, following a landmark special issue published in Long Range Planning. This article offers an overview of the development of academic literature published between 2010 and 2019 with regards to the relationship between digitalization and business models in 198 peer-reviewed articles. By applying a novel methodological approach to compare results from different bibliometric analyses, such as the analysis of citations, co-citations, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrences of keywords, we have identified the most influential journals, authors, and articles, as well as three thematic clusters (technological innovation, strategic management, and digital transformation). For each cluster, the most relevant contributions are presented. Promising research areas and future research directions are identified to address the existing gaps in knowledge.

The International Journal of Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Technology Management (Technovation) is a flagship journal in the fields of management and technological innovation. This renowned position is largely a result of academic interest, as demonstrated by the large number of citations received from other prestigious journals, as well as downloads from across the globe. This study honors the 40th anniversary of Technovation and provides an overview of the journal's accomplishments since its conception in 1981 using Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection database, complemented by both the Elsevier Scopus and EBSCO Business Premier databases, as well as the journal's webpage. This study highlights the main contributors (i.e. authors, universities, countries accountable for the journal's high ranking), the most cited articles, and the thematic profile of the journal through an extensive bibliometric analysis of Technovation publications. Finally, this study outlines growing research trends and proposes trajectories for future research.

This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the IEEE T ransactions on E ngineering M anagement (IEEE TEM) from 1985 to 2017. This paper employs a mixed-method examination based on an in-depth interview with the new editor-in-chief regarding the challenges for the future of IEEE TEM, along with a bibliometric analysis of the journal. By using Web of Science Core Collection data, the analysis maps the knowledge produced and disseminated by IEEE TEM, revealing the most cited papers, the most frequently occurring keywords and the interconnection between them, the most prolific authors and their coauthorship network, and the most prolific countries for published articles. This paper also shows the main avenues of research covered by IEEE TEM and their evolution through the analysis of the correlation of keywords. This paper offers an example application of a mixed-method bibliometric analysis, seeking to extend the quantitative findings by including other sources of data.

Built upon a thirty-year dataset collected from the Web of Science database, the present research aims to offer a comprehensive overview of papers, authors, streams of research, and the most influential journals that discuss product and process innovation in the manufacturing environment. The dataset is composed of 418 papers from more than 150 journals from the period between 1985 and 2015. Homogeneity analysis by means of alternating least squares (HOMALS) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) are used to accomplish the objectives listed above through the keywords given by authors. Initially, the paper highlights and discusses the similarity between the topics debated by the main journals in this field. Subsequently, a wide-range map of topics is presented highlighting five main areas of interests; namely, performance, patent, small firm, product development, and organization. A SNA is also performed in order to validate the results that emerged from HOMALS. Finally, several insights about future research avenues in the manufacturing field are provided.

This study analyzes the role of the Cultural Intelligence (CQ) of expatriate managers in the processes of Conventional (CKT) and Reverse Knowledge Transfer (RKT) in Multinational Companies (MNCs). The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was adopted to analyze the data from a survey of 103 senior expatriate managers working in Croatia. The study reveals how CQ, in all of its four dimensions (metacognitive, cognitive, behavioral, and motivational), acts as a knowledge de-codification and codification filter, assisting managers in the Knowledge Transfer process. The study also reveals how previous international experience does not moderate the positive effect of CQ on both CKT and RKT, offering important theoretical and practical insights to support MNCs in the KT process.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways in which the geographical distance between headquarters and subsidiaries moderates the relationship between cultural intelligence and the knowledge transfer process.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 103 senior expatriate managers working in Croatia from several European and non-European countries was used to test the hypotheses. Data were collected using questionnaires, while the methodology employed to test the relationship between the variables was partial least square. Furthermore, interaction-moderation effect was utilized to test the impact of geographical distance and, for testing control variables, partial least square multigroup analysis was used.FindingsCultural intelligence plays a significant role in the knowledge transfer process performance. However, geographical distance has the power to moderate this relationship based on the direction of knowledge transfer. In conventional knowledge transfer, geographical distance has no significant impact. On the contrary, data have shown that, in reverse knowledge transfer, geographical distance has a moderately relevant effect. The authors supposed that these findings could be connected to the specific location of the knowledge produced by subsidiaries.Practical implicationsMultinational companies should take into consideration that the further away a subsidiary is from the headquarters, and the varying difference between cultures, cannot be completely mitigated by the ability of the manager to deal with cultural differences, namely cultural intelligence. Thus, multinational companies need to allocate resources to facilitate the knowledge transfer between subsidiaries.Originality/valueThe present study stresses the importance of cultural intelligence in the knowledge transfer process, opening up a new stream of research inside these two areas of research.

The entrepreneurial university has taken a prodigious influence globally and studies show the expedient value of entrepreneurship in education. Universities are performing various entrepreneurship activities alongside their main objectives of teaching and research. This study evaluates university faculty of different work experiences and positions of their perceptions toward the entrepreneurial university. Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) comparisons were performed on participants work experience by evaluating certain factors of the entrepreneurship university. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to reveal faculty's awareness of entrepreneurship in their universities. The results help in understanding the interpersonal dynamics within academic organizations. Universities worldwide are adopting entrepreneurship in education by introducing models, methods, and collaboration on all levels of industry and government to fulfill innovative systems in academia. © 2019 PICMET. IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS);Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science;Portland State University Department of Engineering and Technology Management;Portland State University Foundation;Portland State University Office of Information Technology;WHOVA Event Management 2019 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, PICMET 2019 -- 25 August 2019 through 29 August 2019 -- -- 154171

In the field of entrepreneurship education, how to develop an effective program to teach entrepreneurship has been widely debated. However, an inductive approach based on analysis of educational program experiences and outcomes has led to mixed conclusions about the appropriate scope and structure of entrepreneurship education. In contrast, we take a deductive approach to develop a comprehensive entrepreneurship education model based on concepts from two schools of philosophical thought: the Kantian debate about freedom versus determinism, and the Aristotelian concepts of praxis and poïesis. These philosophical concepts are related to scope and structure dimensions that delineate the soft (art) and hard (science) of entrepreneurship education, their components and interrelationships. Pedagogies associated with each component as well as integrative pedagogies are identified to guide the development of entrepreneurship education programs and teaching. Theoretical propositions are presented for future research.

This article offers a complete overview of the World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development (WREMSD) from 2005 to 2015. The article employs an innovative mixed method, based on a bibliometric analysis of the journal and an in-depth interview with the editor Prof. Leo Paul Dana about the journal, his academic and personal life. By using SCOPUS data, the analysis maps the knowledge produced and disseminated by the journal revealing the most cited papers and most prolific authors. By also presenting a keywords correlation analysis, the paper shows the main streams of research covered by the journal and their evolution. Although the objective of mapping the knowledge in WREMSD, this paper offers an example of application of a mixed method to bibliometric studies and methodological implications are discussed.

In response to growing demands for efficiency and flexibility, organizations are shifting to team-based structures (Boyett and Conn 1991). Between the characteristics of a Successful Employee for a Fortune 500 Company, identifies “Ability to Function as Part of a Team” (Fortune, 2011). The reasons given to justify why teams are important, if not fundamental, for organizations are diverse. The concepts of teamwork, team building, and self-directed work teams have penetrated nearly every segment of the business world in recent decades. The first part of this chapter introduces both mainstream views and critical studies of teams at work. On one hand, mainstream view elaborates the assumptions and the importance attached to the idea that teamwork is good for organizational performance (Drucker, 1992; Katzenbach and Smith, 1993; Wheelan, 2009), and that teamwork favours flexibility, motivation and learning. Summarizing the arguments of both popular and academic mainstream literature, we can suggest that team working ranks highly on these dimensions that are central for today's organization: flexibility, motivation and learning (see Hackman, 1987; Campion, Medsker and Higgs, 1993; Cohen, Ledford and Spreitzer, 1996; Tannebaum, Beard and Salas, 1992; West, 2004). On the other hand, critical studies present the problems of teamwork to show that can become prescriptions and lose their relevance for understanding the challenges and difficulties of organized life. Organizational life is complex, ambiguous and embedded in relations of power. Teamwork is neither intrinsically good nor new.