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To evaluate the clinical features and outcome in girls with a vaginal foreign body.The clinical data of 97 girls with a vaginal foreign body were collected between 2010 and 2020. The descriptive analysis was used to summarize the clinical characteristics.The patients were aged between 1.5 and 14.8 years, and the age of peak incidence was shown to be 3-10 years, which accounted for 88% of the cases. Blood-stained vaginal discharge or vaginal bleeding was the most common symptom (48%). The most common foreign bodies were small hard objects (57%), followed by bits of cloth or toilet tissue (22%). The patient whose foreign object was a disk battery had the most severe symptoms. When an injury of the vaginal mucosal was suspected, antibiotics were used to prevent infection, with full recovery of all patients without any additional treatment after removal of the foreign object.If there is no damage to the vaginal mucosa, no additional treatment is needed after the foreign body is removed. When a vaginal foreign body is suspected to be a battery, emergency surgery is needed to prevent further damage.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used successfully in cardiovascular system research to analyze the physiological processes inside vessels. We evaluated the hydraulic information of urine through the lower urinary tract in a patient with posterior urethral valve (PUV) before and after valve ablation by CFD. A set of models of the lower urinary tract were developed based on geometrical data obtained by cystoscopy and voiding cystourethrography. Simulated assumptions and conditions were applied according to prior studies and urodynamic results. We used Fluent CFD 19.0 (Ansys Inc., USA) to compute the velocity and pressure of the fluid regions. The simplification of Bernoulli's formula was applied afterward to calculate the hydraulic energy of different positions. The urine flow rates of the NORMALst, the PUVst, and the POSTst at 5000 Pa were 18.08 ml/s, 11.14 ml/s, and 12.16 ml/s, respectively. Precipitous pressure change was observed around the valve in the PUVst, and the abnormal change was concentrated in the dilated urethra in the POSTst. Major energy dissipations were generated around the valve and the dilated urethra in the PUVst. The energy loss that occurred in the dilated urethra did not improve after the operation. Our findings are probably indicative of the hydrodynamics changes in the dilated urethra in PUV and need to be confirmed through more improved CFD models in the future. CFD may revolutionize pediatric urologists' perception in the management of urinary disease.

We aimed to explore the associations between the age at which children undergo surgery for hypospadias and a range of social and clinical factors in a single center. Our aim was to promote the early surgical treatment of children with hypospadias. For a 6-year period, social and clinical data were collected from all children undergoing surgery to repair hypospadias in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China), located in southwest of China. We analyzed the correlations between age at surgery and a range of social and clinical factors. A total of 1611 eligible cases were recruited, with a mean age of 54.3 months and a median age of 42 months: 234 cases (14.5%) were classified into a "timely operation" group, 419 (26.0%) cases into a "subtimely operation" group, and 958 (59.5%) cases into a "delayed operation" group. According to multivariate regression analyses, the higher the regional economic level, the closer the urethral opening to the perineum, and the higher the educational level of the guardians was, the younger the children were when they underwent the initial surgery for hypospadias; this was also the case for families without other children. Our subgroup analysis showed that the primary educational level of the guardians was a risk factor for subtimely surgery in their children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.15, P < 0.05). A lower regional economic level (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.26-2.78, P < 0.01), a lower educational level of the guardians (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.31-6.41, P < 0.01), and an anterior-segment urethral opening (OR1 [vs middle hypospadias] = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42-3.03; OR2 [vs posterior hypospadias] = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.75-3.95; P < 0.01) were all risk factors for delayed surgery in children.

To investigate the clinical practice status and factors that influence adrenalectomy along with the impact on prognosis in patients with Wilms Tumor (WT). We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and follow-up data of patients with WT, including age, tumor side, tumor volume, tumor location within the kidney, stage, pathological type, tumor rupture, levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), renin, aldosterone, and adrenal management, as well as outcomes. The primary outcomes are adrenal practice status and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS). A total of 162 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 131 patients underwent radical nephrectomy with adrenalectomy, and adrenal invasion was only noted in three patients (2.3%). Adrenalectomy was associated with tumor volume and clinical stage (P 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR = 3.982, P = 0.005) and ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.708, P = 0.0003) revealed that a larger tumor volume independently increased the risk of adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy was not significantly associated with tumor location, tumor rupture, or local recurrence (P 0.05). In addition, the study median follow-up was 50.95 months. The 5-year RFS rates of patients with removed adrenal gland and preserved adrenal gland were 90.3% and 75.8%, respectively (P = 0.078). We followed up children more than 3 years after removal of the adrenal glands, and no children with reduced ACTH, aldosterone, or renin were found. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no significant difference on prognosis (P = 0.203), even after adjusting for clinical stage and pathological type. Finally, no evidence of adrenal insufficiency was reported during the follow-up examinations. Our data indicated that invasion of the ipsilateral adrenal gland is rare in WT. Preserving the ipsilateral adrenal gland was not associated with prognosis. Preoperative adequate assessment tumor volume and intraoperative detection of adrenal invasion were necessary to determine whether or not to perform an adrenal resection.

To establish an animal model of reflux renal damage through bladder outlet obstruction.Sixty male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to a control group, a sham operation group, and a partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) group, with 20 mice in each group. Laparotomy were performed on the PBOO mice under anesthesia in order to separate the bladder necks and to perform guided partial ligation of the bladder neck with a metal rod of 0.3 mm diameter. Mice in the sham operation group had laparotomy and had their bladder necks separated without ligation. The control group did not receive any treatment. 7 days after the surgery, 12 surviving mice were randomly selected from each group to observe the general changes of the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis and kidney. Retrograde urography was performed through the bladder. Kidney tissues were extracted for histopathological analysis. The expression levels of Vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined with Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining tests, respectively.Compared with the control and sham operation group, the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis of the mice in the PBOO group were significantly enlarged, vesicoureteral reflux was more obvious, the kidney volume and mass increased (After PBOO, the bladder, ureter, and kidney of the mice showed obvious morphological alteration and presented reflux renal fibrosis-like damage. This can be used as an animal model to study the pathological alteration mechanism and therapeutic measures of renal fibrosis caused by bladder outlet obstruction.

BACKGROUND Accumulated evidence has suggested that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has a role in bone formation and bone tissue regeneration. However, it is unknown whether the H₂S content is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, we aimed to explore the changes of serum H₂S in osteopenia and osteoporosis patients. We analyzed femur expression of cystathionine ß synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), which are key enzymes for generating H₂S. RESULTS Sixteen (16%) patients had osteopenia, 9 (9%) had osteoporosis, and 75 (75%) had normal BMD. In comparison with patients with normal BMD (controls), the serum levels of H₂S were unexpectedly increased in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis. This increase was much higher in patients with osteoporosis than in those with osteopenia. Serum H₂S levels were negatively correlated with femoral BMD, but not lumbar BMD. Interestingly, the expression of CBS and CSE were downregulated in femur tissues in patients with osteoporosis, whereas the expression of 3-MST remained unchanged. Serum phosphorus levels, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, and triglycerides were found to be closely associated with CBS and CSE scores in femur tissues. CONCLUSIONS Serum H₂S levels and femur CBS and CSE expression may be involved in osteoporosis pathogenesis.

Background The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric operations, and establish preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols to improve the pediatric operations. Methods We here compare the number of patients who underwent surgery in Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children’s Hospital during the pandemic (January 23–March 11), after the pandemic (March 12–April 30), after our measures were put in place (May 1–May 21), and the equivalent period in 2019. Result During the COVID-19 pandemic, 62.68% fewer patients underwent surgery than during the homologous period of time 1 year earlier (P P Conclusion This outbreak of COVID-19 has affected not only individuals with COVID-19 but also patients seeking surgical operations. Understanding the present situation helps clinicians provide a high level of treatment to all children.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated 1 (TESPA1) gene polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis(AS) in a Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 99 AS patients were recruited as case group and 96 healthy individuals were collected as control group. TESPA1 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods. The genotype distribution of TESPA1 gene rs4758993 and rs4758994 polymorphism was detected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The genotype and allele distributions of each polymorphism were also compared between groups. Moreover, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using the χ2 test to evaluate the association between AS susceptibility and TESPA1 polymorphisms. Results rs4758993 and rs4758994 polymorphisms were conformed to be in HWE in genotypes distribution of the control group (P > 0.05 for both). A remarkable decrease trend of rs4758993 AG genotype and A allele were detected in AS patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), indicating that they obviously decreased the risk of AS in a Chinese Han population (OR = 0.303, 95%CI = 0.144–0.637; OR = 0.002, 95%CI = 0.173–0.703). However, No significant differences were detected for TESPA1 gene rs4758994 polymorphism in both genotype and allele distributions between case and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that TESPA1 gene rs4758993 polymorphism was significantly associated with AS susceptibility in the Chinese Han population and the mutant A allele severed as a protect factor for the development of AS.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is known to impair testicular functions and reproduction. However, its effects on immature testis Blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We constructed a rat model to investigate the roles of autophagy in BTB toxicity induced by DEHP. Sprague–Dawley rats were developmentally exposed to 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg DEHP via intragastric administration from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 35. Testicular morphology, expressions of BTB junction proteins and autophagy related proteins were detected. In addition, expressions of oxidative stress markers were also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that developmental DEHP exposure induced decreasing organ coefficients of immature testes and severe testicular damage in histomorphology. The expressions of junctional proteins were down-regulated significantly after DEHP treatment. Intriguingly, DEHP simultaneously increased the number of autophagosomes and the levels of autophagy marker LC3-II and p62, suggesting that the accumulated autophagosomes resulted from impaired autophagy degradation. Moreover, the expressions of HO-1 and SOD levels remarkably decreased after DEHP exposure. Vitamins E and C could alleviate the DEHP-induced oxidative stress, reverse the autophagy defect and restore the BTB impairment. Taken together, DEHP exposure destroys immature testis blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity through excessive ROS-mediated autophagy. KEYWORDS: Autophagy, BTB, DEHP, Immature testis, Oxidative stress

Magnetic Ni

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM

Let [Formula: see text] be the number of multinomial coefficients such that [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. Recently, Merca gave the formula for [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is prime, and Guo confirmed a conjecture of Merca by extending Merca’s result to all prime powers [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider [Formula: see text] for all positive integers [Formula: see text]. As a corollary of our results, we give the formula for [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are distinct primes and [Formula: see text] are nonnegative integers.

Twenty eight male patients with non-pathological fracture neck of femur (FNOF), age range 61-89 years, mean age 74.4 years, presented for surgery for fracture neck of femur to Merlin Park Regional Hospital, Galway Ireland and 28 age and sex matched control patients, age range 60-85 years, mean age 72.4 years who were admitted to the medical ward for various complaints including chest pain, gastroenteritis, and upper respiratory tract infections were included in the study. Following a formal written consent blood were collected for CBC, CMP, and total and free testosterone levels, LH, Estradiol, total 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D, and PTH levels pre-operatively. Bone mineral density was done within 7 days of the incident fracture on the patients and the control groups after enrollment. The study is approved by the local IRB.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of outer membrane vesicles derived from Escherichia coli on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro. METHODS: The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were obtained from wild-type Escherichia coli with ultracentrifugation method, and the morphology of the OMVs was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the vesicle diameter was determined using MALVERN ZEN3690. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells were treated with the OMVs at low (100 μg/mL), moderate (500 μg/mL) and high (1000 μg/mL) doses, and 24, 48 and 72 h later, the cell proliferation activity was detected with MTT assay. The expressions of apoptosisrelated marker caspase-3 was detected using Western blotting, and TUNEL assay was performed to detect the cell apoptosis. The migration capacity of SK-N-SH cells was evaluated using Transwell migration assay. RESULTS: The isolated OMVs showed a circular or elliptical hollow structure with double-layer membrane and a diameter range of 30-450 nm. Compared with the control cells, SK-N-SH cells treated with the OMVs showed significantly lowered cell proliferation capacity with enhanced expression of caspase-3. Treatment of the cells with the OMVs resulted in increased cell apoptosis and significantly lowered migration capacity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The OMVs derived from Escherichia coli can produce cytotoxicity against SK-N-SH cells and might serve as a therapeutic agent for refractory neuroblastoma.

In recent years, non-point source (NPS) pollution has become the main contributor to water quality problems. Research on nitrogen (N) losses from farmland and the factors that influence these losses are very meaningful both in terms of increasing the crop yield and for improving environmental water quality. Hydrological processes are the vector of NPS pollution processes. In this study, 15 different natural rainfalls in the northeast area were monitored to analyze the lost characteristics of nitrogen under different rainfall conditions and the field management measures from July to August of 2013. The results show that total N (TN) content in the rainfalls of 2013 in the drainage area of the Runjin River is 0.18–4.89 mg/L. Judging from the mean flow output of various runoff zones in each rainfall, transverse tilling mode (TTT) < ecological recovery mode (VVR) < no-tillage mode (TNT) < reduced tillage system (TRT) < traditional tilling type (TCT) < bare land (VB). Judging from the mean sand output of various runoff zones in each rainfall, ecological recovery mode (VVR) < no-tillage mode (TNT) < traditional tilling type (TCT) < reduced tillage system (TRT) < traditional tilling type (TCT) < bare land (VB). Moreover, various experimental zones with different tilling systems are distinctively different in the concentration of losses of water-soluble nitrogen and particulate nitrogen and the loss of water-soluble nitrogen and particulate nitrogen per unit area. In the study area, particulate nitrogen carried by runoff sands was the primary forms of nitrogen losses under typical rainfall conditions. The four rainfalls have caused the downward eluviation of nitrogen along the depth of soils to different extents.

A large area of agricultural non-point source pollution which was caused by higher input of fertilizer and pesticide, lower availability of fertilizer, soil erosion and serious destruction of ecological balance in black soil region of northeast China has attracted the national attention and raised the relevant scholars’concern. This paper mainly summarizes the research on mechanism exploration, quantitative of pollution load and model simulation and controlling measure of the black earth region of northeast conducted by domestic scholars, which based on the instruction of general situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in black soil region of northeast China, and then put forward the shortcomings in the present study and direction of future development.

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the resources problems, because of its direct linkage with regional food security and ecological safety. In this article, Research Paradigm of agricultural non point source pollution was introduced, including the agricultural non point source pollution theory, research methods, management tools and research methods. These studies are beneficial to the further study of agricultural non point source pollution.

The blacklands in northeast China is an important food producing area and marketable grain base, it plays an important part in the development of national food security. Serious losing of soil and water has become a bottle neck in the development of national economy for recent years. In order to understand the research trend on soil and water loss of Black Soils in Northeast China and to find its problems and shortcomings, the authors mainly analyzed the Present Situation and characteristics, the hazards, the causes, research methods and control measures of soil and water loss in blackland.

Regional hypoxia caused by accelerated cell proliferation and overgrowth is an important characteristic of neoplasm. Hypoxia can cause a series of changes in gene transcription and protein expression, thereby not only inducing tumor cell resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy but also promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HIF-1α expression and cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis and clinical prognosis in rectal carcinoma. In 113 rectal carcinoma cases, cellular apoptosis was analyzed by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, whereas the levels of HIF-1α expression, VEGF expression, microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density(LVD) were examined by immunohistochemical staining. HIF-1 expression was detected in 67 of 113 rectal carcinoma cases (59.3 %). A positive correlation was found among HIF-1α expression, cellular apoptosis and angiogenesis. The 5-year survival rate in the HIF-1α-negative group was significantly higher than that in the HIF-1α-positive group (81.34 % versus 50 %, P < 0.05). According to the Cox regression analysis, HIF-1α expression, VEGF expression and cellular apoptosis index were independent risk factors for clinical prognosis in rectal carcinoma. Aberrant HIF-1α expression correlates with apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis and poor prognosis in rectal carcinoma.

The growing number of patients suffering from chronic renal disease (CKD) is a challenge for the development of innovative therapies. Researchers have studied the therapeutic effects of cell therapy in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the therapeutic effect of conditional medium (CM) in the CKD models have been rarely reported. Here, we examined the effects of umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) CM on renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).Animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, UUO, UUO + CM. CM was administered via the left renal artery after total ligation of the left ureter. Rats were killed after 14 days of obstruction. Histological changes and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to measure epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Collagen-I, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEs) were also measured.HucMSC-CM significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the activity of glutathione (GSH) induced by UUO. Moreover, CM significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, TNF-α and Collagen-I in UUO kidney, promoted the proliferation of RTEs and inhibited its apoptosis. In addition, the increased expression of E-cadherin also reflects the effective improvement of renal interstitial fibrosis.This study shows that CM protects UUO-induced kidney damage and therefore could be a potential tool to prevent CKD progression.

To explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from automobile exhaust on the reproductive function of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Forty-five male SD rats, weighing 80 - 94 g and aged 28 days, were randomly assigned to receive intra-tracheal administration of 0.9% normal saline (control group, n = 15), PM2. 5 at 2 μg per 100 g body weight per day (low-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), and PM2.5 at 16 μg per 100 g body weight per day (high-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), qd, for 60 successive days. After the last 24-hour exposure, 10 rats were taken from each group for copulation with normal female ones, while the others were sacrificed, their testes removed for sperm count and deformity, pathological examination, and determination of the Connexin43 expression.The conception rate was significantly decreased in the low- and high-dose PM2.5 groups as compared with that of the control (70% and 50% vs 100%), and so were the sperm count and quality. The rats in the PM2.5-exposed groups showed significantly disordered histological structure of the seminiferous tubules, reduced sperm count in the testicular lumen, some exfoliated secondary spermatocytes, downregulated Connexin43 expression in the testis, and damaged blood-testis barrier.Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust damages the reproductive function of male SD rats.

Objective To study the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its receptor (G-CSFR) in neuroblastoma of children. Methods Twenty-five specimens of neuroblastoma were collected in our department during 2009.1–2011.6. G-CSF and G-CSFR were determined by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between expressions of G-CSF and G-CSFR and age, gender and clinical stage were analyzed. Results The expression of G-CSF and G-CSFR in neuroblastoma specimens was 68%, 72% respectively. Both G-CSF and G-CSFR were positive in 12(48%)specimens, and both G-CSF and G-CSFR were negative in 2 cases (8%). But according to test of concordance, the positive expression of G-CSF and G-CSFR had no concordance in neuroblastoma specimens (Kappa=－0.0456，P=0.8187). There were 5 cases (20%) showed positive-GCSF but negative-G-CSFR, 6 cases(24%) with negative expression of G-CSF but positive-G-CSFR. No statistical correlation was found between the expression of G-CSF or G-CSFR and gender, age and clinical stage (P>0.05). Conclusions G-CSF and G-CSFR are highly expressed in children neuroblastoma, regardless of age, gender and clinical stage. For the G-CSFR-positive patients, we recommend the use of G-CSF, and its effect on tumor should be carefully observed.

This study aimed to compare clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, laboratory, and radiographic dates in pediatric patients with different pathological diagnoses of acute scrotum as well as to accurately establish the true incidence of various pathological diagnoses of acute scrotum.The records of children hospitalized for acute scrotum from 1990 to 2008 were reviewed.A total of 1228 cases were included in the study (103 with testicular torsion, 918 with torsion of the testicular appendix, 72 with tunica vaginalis inflammation, 46 with epididymitis and 89 with other pathological diagnoses). Duration of pain less than 6 hours, fever, vomiting, history of trauma or activities, absence of cremasteric reflex, and abnormal testicle direction were significantly associated with testicular torsion. Blue dot sign and tender nodule were found significantly associated with torsion of the testicular appendix. Ultrasound showed decreased or absent blood flow in 91.3% testicular torsion patients; enlarged epididymis was found in 91.1% and 91.3% patients with torsion of the testicular appendix and epididymitis, respectively; and scrotal wall edema and hydrocele were found significantly associated with tunica vaginalis inflammation. Our salvageability rate in testicular torsion was 30.1%.Overlap existed between testicular torsion and other acute scrotum. The clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, laboratory, and radiographic data were helpful in distinguishing acute scrotum. Doppler ultrasound is an indispensable imaging modality for the clinical assessment of patients with acute scrotum; in the presence of a clinical suspicion of testicular torsion, even with an apparently normal-color Doppler ultrasound, surgical exploration is still indicated.

Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) is observed in BaBrCl: Eu2+ after X-ray irradiation at room temperature. It is suggested by PSL stimulation spectrum and difference absorption spectrum (DAS) that F centers are formed upon X-ray irradiation and both spectra show two bands which are centered at about 550 nm and 675 nm respectively. This enables the use of semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LED) instead of gas lasers for photostimulation. The PSL intensity increases linearly with X-ray irradiation dose increasing, and the conversion efficiency is 29% that for the standard commercial storage phosphor BaFBr:Eu from Fuji imaging plate.

Objective There is a heated debate on whether the prognostic value of NME1 is favorable or unfavorable. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between NME1 expression and the prognosis of patients with digestive system neoplasms. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for relevant articles. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated to evaluate the prognostic value of NME1 expression in patients with digestive system neoplasms, and the association between NME1 expression and clinicopathological factors. We also performed subgroup analyses to find out the source of heterogeneity. Results 2904 patients were pooled from 28 available studies in total. Neither the incorporative OR combined by 17 studies with overall survival (OR = 0.65, 95%CI:0.41–1.03, P = 0.07) nor the pooled OR with disease-free survival (OR = 0.75, 95%CI:0.17–3.36, P = 0.71) in statistics showed any significance. Although we couldn’t find any significance in TNM stage (OR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.44–1.36, P = 0.38), elevated NME1 expression was related to well tumor differentiation (OR = 0.59, 95%CI:0.47–0.73, P

To improve the diagnosis and treatment of testicular teratoma in children by analysis of clinical data.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 64 cases of testicular teratoma treated in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 1995 to 2014.Sixty-one of the cases presented painless scrotal mass with a sense of bearing down and the other 3 cases were confirmed because of empty scrotum diagnosed as cryptorchidism. The level of serum alpha fetal protein ( AFP) was obviously increased in 46 cases but normal in the other 18 preoperatively. Ultrasonography manifested abnormal inhomogeneous echo zones with calcification or necrosis. X-ray examination presented patchy or curvilinear high-density shadows in 28 cases. Forty-one of the patients underwent testis-sparing surgery (TSS) , 20 received high inguinal orchiectomy, and 3 refused surgical treatment. Pathological examination revealed 3 mature germinal layers in the 49 cases of mature teratoma and immature germinal tissue, including the original neural tube, and 11 cases of immature teratoma. The mature cases were exempted from chemotherapy, while the immature cases received the combination of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB). The patients were followed up for 2 years postoperatively, which revealed no recurrence or metastasis.Most children with testicular teratoma presented painless scrotal mass with a sense of bearing down and with abnormal serum AFP in most cases. Ultrasonography and plain radiography of the scrotum contribute to the diagnosis of the tumor. TSS is the main treatment option and intraoperative frozen-section can help the surgeons decide on the surgical mode. Postoperative chemotherapy is necessitated for immature teratoma but not for mature cases.

A series of phosphor of (MxMg1-x)2SiO4: Dy3+, Eu3+ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) were synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method and studied. The structure and emission spectrum excited by near violet light were investigated. The excitation spectra of single-doped (MxMg1-x)2SiO4: Dy3+ show strong absorption near 322nm, 347nm, 362nm and 391nm due to 6H15/2→4I9/2, 6H15/2→6P5/2, 6H15/2→4F7/2, 6H15/2→4G11/2 transition of Dy3+. The emission light is at about 469nm, 474nm, 483nm and 494nm under 391nm UV excitation. In order to obtain white light emission, (MxMg1-x)2SiO4: Dy3+, Eu3+ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) were prepared to enhance the red light emission.

BaFBr nanoparticles were synthesized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/2-octanol/water microemusion systems. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that depending on the molar starting ratio of NH4F to NH4Br, stoichiometric BaFBr with or without a BaF2 phase is obtained. As the ratio of NH4F to NH4Br reduced from 1.0:1.0 to 1.0:4.0, the product formed pure BaFBr. Calculations using the Debye-Scherrer equation from line widths of the XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show particle sizes of less than 100 nm. Europium-doped BaFBr nanoparticles (with molar ratio of Ba:Eu equal to 1:0.005) were also synthesized according to the conditions of the pure BaFBr product. Photoluminescence (PL) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) signals of europium-doped BaFBr, however, were not measurable. Thermal processing for 20 min at 800 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere leads to the observation of Eu2+ fluorescence and PSL.

Two groups of fiber Bragg gratings were fabricated by using UV laser, and group one was annealed at 850 degrees C in the high temperature furnace. Grating regeneration occurred after the initial grating vanished. For the regenerated gratings from group one, the variation in Bragg wavelength is 0.22 nm and the average transmissions strength is 2. 57 dB, while the variation of transmission among ten gratings is 0.52 dB. Group two underwent post-annealing at 1 100 degrees C after the process of grating regeneration at 850 degrees C. For the regenerated gratings from group two, the variation in Bragg wavelength is 0. 41 nm and the average transmissions strength is 0.69 dB, while the variation of transmission among ten gratings is 0.16 dB. The variation in Bragg wavelength of grating with post-annealing is notably larger than that of the regenerated gratings in group one, which is caused by the small difference in fixed tension among the ten gratings. The process of grating regeneration has good reproducibility. The mass production of the regenerated gratings by high temperature annealing is feasible.

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Surgical correction of the congenital completely buried penis (CCBP) is a difficult challenge and there is no unanimous consensus about the surgical 'gold standard' and patient eligibility for surgery. In the present study, dysgenetic fundiform ligaments were found to be attached to the distal or middle shaft of the penis. This abnormality can be successfully corrected by releasing the fundiform ligament and mobilising the scrotal skin to cover the length of the penile shaft. The study shows that the paucity and traction of the penile skin and an abnormal fundiform ligament are important anatomical defects in CCBP. Dorsal curve and severe shortage of penile skin in erectile conditions are the main indications for surgical correction.To present our experience of anatomical findings for congenital completely buried penis (CCBP), which has no unanimous consensus regarding the 'gold standard' for surgical correction and patient eligibility, by providing our surgical technique and illustrations.Between February 2006 and February 2011, 22 children with a median (range) age of 4.2 (2.5-5.8) years, with CCBP underwent surgical correction by one surgeon. Toilet training and photographs of morning erections by parents were advised before surgery. The abnormal anatomical structure of buried penis during the operation was observed. The technique consisted of the release of the fundiform ligament, fixation of the subcutaneous penile skin at the base of the degloved penis, penoscrotal Z-plasty and mobilisation of the penile and scrotal skin to cover the penile shaft.In reflex erectile conditions, CCBP presents varying degrees of dorsal curve and shortage of penile skin. Dysgenetic fundiform ligaments were found to be attached to the distal or middle shaft of the penis in all patients. All wounds healed well and the cosmetic outcome was good at 6-month follow-up after the repair.The appearance of the dorsal curve in CCBP mainly results from the traction of penile dorsal skin and the abnormal attachment of the fundiform ligament to the shaft. This abnormality can be successfully corrected by releasing the abnormal fundiform ligament and mobilising scrotal skin to cover the length of the penile shaft.

To investigate the regulation of T3 on the maldeveloped gonocytes (Go) and the expression of NCAM in Flutamide-induced cryptorchidism SD rat.Postnatal day (PD) 1 and PD20 cryptorchidism SD rat induced by Flu were treated with 15 microg/(kg x d) T3 by subcutaneous injections. Incidence of the cryptorchidism, histology were evaluated. And the expression of NCAM was detected by immunohistochemisty and RT-PCR.The incidence of cryptorchidism in the group of Flu-induced offsprings treated by 15 microg/(kg x d) T3 from PD1 was 25% (8/32), which was lower than that of Flu group 40.9% (9/22). No Go and NCAM expression were observed in the seminiferous tubules. NCAM mRNA expression in Flu-induced PD13, PD20 testes was up-regulated when compared with control (P0.01, P0.05), while after treated with 15 microg/ (kg x d) T3 the NCAM expression was significantly down-regulated compared to that of non T3 treated group (P0.01), and was not significantly different from that of control (P0.05).The incidence of Flu-induced cryptorchidism can be decreased by T3 treatment after birth. T3 may contribute to the down-regulation of the NCAM expression, and reduction or elimination of the remainded gonocytes in crytorcidism seminiferous tubules.