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Immune cells have an uncertain function during the progression of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). The present study determined the distribution, phenotype, and clinical significance of B lymphocytes in ENKTL. Immunohistochemistry indicated high infiltration of CD20+ B lymphocytes in the tumour tissues of 40% of the patients, and that a high infiltration correlated with better overall survival. Moreover, B lymphocytes had an active mature phenotype in situ and suppressed the proliferation of ENKTL cells in vitro. These results suggest that tumour infiltration of CD20+ B lymphocytes may be a new prognostic indicator for patients with ENKTL.

Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that: (1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral; (2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area; (3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on quality of life in elderly head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy. Methods: Sixty-four subjects were randomly assigned to the rehabilitation group (RG) and control group (CG). Both groups were given routine healthy counseling, but RG was additionally provided with comprehensive rehabilitation. The depressive status, nutritional status and quality of life were assessed at the end of and three months after RT. Results: After comprehensive rehabilitation for three months, the patients in RG exhibited lower GDS, MNA-SF and higher QLQ-c30 score compared with those before rehabilitation and those in CG (P

The interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is strongly induced in many cell types by double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, poly I:C) and viral infection. In this study, we described the nucleotide, mRNA tissue distribution and regulation of an ISG15 gene from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (SmISG15). SmISG15 gene is 862 bp in length, composed of two exons and one intron, and encodes 158 amino acids. The deduced protein exhibits the highest homology (44.7-71.2% identity) with ISG15s from other fishes and possesses two conserved tandem ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains and a C-terminal RLRGG conjugating motif known to be important for the functions of ISG15s in vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SmISG15 into fish ISG15. SmISG15 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with higher levels observed in immune organs. Gene expression analysis was performed for SmISG15 in the spleen, head kidney, gills and muscle of turbots challenged with poly I:C or turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) over a 7-day time course. The result showed that SmISG15 was upregulated by both stimuli in all four tissues, with induction by poly I:C apparently stronger and initiated more quickly. A two-wave induced expression of SmISG15 was seen in the spleen, head kidney and gills, suggesting an induction of SmISG15 either by IFN-dependent or -independent pathway. These results provide insights into the roles of fish ISG15 in antiviral immunity.

As a model for energy transition to low-carbon economy, Denmark is of great importance for studying internal relationships between economic growth, both energy consumption and production, and Carbon emissions. Based on Denmark’s data for the total consumption of petroleum oil and gas resources, total production of oil and gas resources, gross domestic product(constant 2010 US$) and CO2 emissions over the time span 1984-2016, Johansen test shows that there is no cointegration relationship between CO2 emissions and oil and gas consumption, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) boundary cointegration test shows that there is no cointegration relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Nevertheless, ARDL boundary cointegration test is used to confirm the existence of cointegration between economic growth and both the energy production and consumption. We then establish an error correction model to analyze the short-term relationship between these two cointegrated metrics. The Granger causality test indicates that there is one-way causality between economic growth and energy consumption and energy production; in particular, economic changes help explain changes of energy consumption and production in the future. Finally, the empirical analysis results are further discussed with consideration of Denmark’s energy policies and the current state of its energy economy. The results of the present study can help the other countries in the design of energy development, the clean and low carbon energy transition policies for sustainable and long-term economic development.

Zhundong area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions, China is rich in subbituminous coal reserves. Zhundong coal is characteristic of low mining cost and fine reactivity. However, the serious slagging and fouling occurring on the heating surface because of the high sodium content of Zhundong coal leads to very dangerous and uneconomical operation of Zhundong coal-burning boilers. Here, A method using a washing solution to remove sodium from the coal is presented and the effects of temperature, pressure and washing solution amount on the sodium removal from Zhundong coal was investigated. The experimental results show that the temperature employed is the main influencing factor for sodium removal and pressure has little influence on the results. After treatment with the right processing conditions, the upgraded Zhundong coal with the sodium content below 2% (based on ash yield) is obtained and the sodium removal efficiency is higher than 70%.

To establish the efficacy of creep age forming of the integrally friction stir welded panels, feasibility experiments were first conducted on friction stir welded rib-web panels of 2A12 aluminum alloys by using a designed air-loading age forming setup, and then related forming characteristics were investigated by using a mechanical-loading setup on the samples with and without friction stir welding joints. Results show that good age-formability can be observed from friction stir welded rib-web parts after creep age forming. The surface springback of the integral parts decreases with increasing the aging time and temperature. For 2A12 aluminum alloy, under an aging temperature of 190°C, a relatively better forming effect and strength can be reached at an aging time of about 8h. Compared with the non-welded structures, the introduction of friction stir welding will inhibit forming rate and will shorten the time of creep age forming.

// Hu Ma 1, * , Wen-Xiu Yao 2, * , Lang Huang 1, * , Su-Han Jin 3 , Da-Hai Liu 1 , Yuan Liu 4 , Xu Tian 5 , Jin-Hui Tian 6 , Jian-Guo Zhou 1 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China 2 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute & Cancer, The Second People’s Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China 3 Affiliated Stemmatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China 4 Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China 5 Chongqing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chongqing, 40030, China 6 Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jian-Guo Zhou, email: jianguo.zhou@yahoo.com Keywords: NSCLC, D5F3, ALK, diagnostic accuracy, meta-analysis Received: June 06, 2016 Accepted: August 13, 2016 Published: September 01, 2016 ABSTRACT We conducted a pooled analysis comparing the efficacy of an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay using the D5F3 antibody with that of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detecting ALK gene rearrangement in NSCLC patients. A total of 32 studies involving 5805 samples were included in this review. Pooled sensitivity for D5F3 IHC was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93-0.98), specificity was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.98-1.00), PLR was 119.20 (95%CI: 57.79-245.89), NLR was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.02-0.07), DOR was 3526.66 (95%CI: 1344.71-9249.03), and AUROC was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00). Meta-regression revealed that specimen type was a source of heterogeneity for specificity, and specimen type and FISH signal distance were sources of heterogeneity in the joint model. Subgroup analysis revealed that sensitivity and specificity were higher when the FISH signal distance standard was ≥ 2 than when it was ≥ 1. Sensitivity was higher for tumor specimens than for cell specimens; specificity was higher for cell specimens than for tumor specimens. In conclusion, the D5F3 IHC assay was nearly as effective as FISH for detection of ALK gene rearrangement in NSCLC patients.

Constructing accurate constitutive equation from the optimal material constants is the basis for finite element numerical simulation. To accurately describe the creep ageing behavior of 2A12 aluminum alloy, the present work is tentatively to construct an elastic-plastic constitutive model for simulation based on the ANSYS environment. A time hardening model including two stages of primary and steady-state is physically derived firstly, and then determined by electronic creep tensile tests. The material constants within the creep constitutive equations are obtained. Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of the material model, the ANSYS based numerical scheme is established to simulate the creep tensile process by using the proposed material model. Results show that the creep constitutive equation can better describe the deformation characteristics of materials, and the numerical simulations and experimental test points are in good agreement.

To establish the efficacy of electromagnetically assisted sheet metal stamping (EMAS), the corner-fill ability of AA5052 sheets specified in conventional deep drawing was experimentally demonstrated and evaluated within a two-step EMAS process. First, conventional axisymmetric deep drawing was conducted to make a cylindrical cup with a rough-shaped bottom corner. The second step utilized a shaped coil to force the pre-formed cup into the die cavity, and the related electromagnetically assisted corner-fill performance was investigated. Experimental results show that the ideal of hybrid stamping-EMF sequence can successfully solve the formability problem involved in conventional stamping. During electromagnetically assisted corner-fill process, the deformation dispersion effect of dynamic phenomenon works remarkably on the fully deformed sheets, which will inhibit local instability of deformation and thus enhance materials formability.

Electromagnetic forming is one of the high-rate forming methods that can be extensively used to form and join axisymmetric metal sheet and tube. Tendency of homogeneous radial deformation during electromagnetic compression of aluminium tube was investigated through the design optimization method based on sequential coupling numerical simulation and experiments. The results show that the tendency depends on the length ratio of tube to coil (R), which has a critical value (Rc) corresponding to the relatively homogeneous radial deformation along axial direction. The tube length relative to Rc is insensitive to the discharge voltage. When R is greater than Rc, the deformed tube presents horn shape and the shorter coil makes for local deformation. If R is less than Rc, the deformed tube presents drum shape and the longer coil contributes to larger deformation at tube end. Rc increases with coli length and could approach to 1; inversely, it could approach to 0. These results indicate the design optimization method based on the sequential coupling numerical simulation is feasible, which can be used to realize the controllable and precise deformation of metal tube.

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-velocity manufacturing technique which uses electromagnetic (Lorentz) body forces to shape sheet metal parts. One of the several advantages of EMF is the considerable ductility increase observed in several metals, with aluminum featuring prominently among them. Electromagnetically assisted sheet metal stamping (EMAS) is an innovative hybrid sheet metal processing technique that combines EMF into traditional stamping. To evaluate the efficiency of this technique, an experimental scheme of EMAS was established according to the conventional stamping of cylindrical parts from aluminum and the formability encountered was discussed. Furthermore, a ”multi-step, loose coupling” numerical scheme was proposed to investigate the deformation behaviors based on the ANSYS Multiphysics/LS-DYNA platform through establishing user-defined subroutines. The results show that electromagnetically assisted deep drawing can remarkably improve the formability of aluminum cylindrical parts. The proposed numerical scheme can successfully simulate the related Stamping-EMF process, and the deformation characteristics of sheet metal reflect experimental results. The predicted results are also validated with the profiles of the deformed sheets in experiments.

An experimental study on the quasi-static-dynamic formability specified in electromagnetically assisted sheet metal stamping (EMAS) was presented. A series of uniaxial and plane-strain tensile experiments were carried out on AA5052-O sheet by using a combined quasi-static stretching and pulsed electromagnetic forming (EMF) method. Failure strains representing formability beyond conventional quasi-static forming limits are observed under both uniaxial tensile and plane-strain states. The total forming limits of the as-received aluminum alloy undergoing both low and high quasi-static pre-straining are almost similar in quasi-static-dynamic deformation. Ultimate total formability seems to depend largely on the high-velocity loading conditions. Thus, it appears that for quasi-static-dynamic deformation, the quasi-static pre-straining of material is not of primary importance to the additionally useful formability. These observations will enable to develop forming operations that take advantage of this improvement in formability, and will also enable the use of a quasi-static preform fairly close to the quasi-static forming limits without weakening its total formability for design of an EMAS process in shaping large aluminum shell parts like auto body panels.

Context Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of the most frequent and severe adverse events (AEs) after treatment with opioids. Recent studies have indicated that fixed-ratio combination prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone (OXN PR) could decrease OIC with similar pain relief compared with other opioids. Objectives We systematically reviewed (PROSPERO registration numbers: CRD42016036244) the constipation relief of OXN PR compared with other opioids regardless of formulation, prolonged release, or extended release used for the relief of chronic pain. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library from inception to May 2016, with an update to December 2016. We quantitatively analyzed OIC (assessed by bowel function index [BFI]), pain intensity, and AEs. Results A total of 167 articles were identified from the databases. Finally seven studies with 3217 patients were included in our meta-analysis, including 1322 patients in OXN PR treatment groups and 1885 patients in prolonged-release oxycodone (OXY PR) or prolonged-release morphine (MOR PR) control group. The relative risk (RR) of OIC was decreased in OXN PR (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.44; 0.62). Whether BFI was better or worse at baseline, the mean difference (MD) of BFI −17.48 95% CI −21.60; −13.36) was better after treatment with OXN PR with clinical importance at the end of intervention; moreover, the BFI of the OXN PR-treated group was closer to normal BFI scores. However, clinical BFI change from baseline to the end measurement only existed in patients when the baseline BFI was high (mean [SDs] 61.0 [23.39]–67.40 [19.51]), and the MD of the BFI was −15.96 (95% CI −25.56; −15.48). The RR of AEs was also smaller (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.93), but the severity or duration of AEs was not reported. Pain intensity was also significantly decreased in the OXN PR treatment groups (MD −3.84, 95% CI −7.14; −0.55), although there was no clinically meaningful difference. Conclusion For people with chronic pain, treatment with OXN PR decreases the incidence of OIC and provides intermediate-term bowel function improvement with clinical importance; in addition, pain relief is not weakened. The OIC after treatment with OXN PR for cancer-related pain and over the long term remains unknown.

Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) exists exclusively in aquatic animals and recognizes double stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the present study, a tlr22 gene and its 5'-flanking sequence were cloned from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, its immune responsive expression was subsequently studied in vivo. The turbot (sm)tlr22 gene spans over 5.6 kb with a structure of 4 exon-3 intron and encodes 962 amino acids. The deduced protein shows the highest sequence identity (76.7%) to Japanese flounder Tlr22 and possesses a signal peptide sequence, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain composed of 27 LRR motifs, a transmembrane region and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis grouped it with other teleost Tlr22s. The interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding site important for the basal transcriptional activity of TLR3 were predicted in the 5'-flanking sequence of smtlr22 gene. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated the constitutive expression of smtlr22 mRNA in all examined tissues with higher levels in the head kidney, kidney and spleen. Further, smtlr22 expression was significantly up-regulated following challenge with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) in the gills, head kidney, spleen and muscle, with maximum increases ranging from 2.56 to 6.24 fold upon different immunostimulants and organs. These findings suggest a possible role of Smtlr22 in the immune responses to the infections of a broad range of pathogens that include DNA and RNA viruses and Gram-negative bacteria.

The Arctic passages are economically important waterways connecting North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. Global climate change is melting the Arctic sea ice and will improve the navigability of the Arctic passages. The opening of the Arctic route will facilitate the exploration and development of Arctic resources, which can alleviate the energy crisis, but it may ignite a worldwide “Arctic resource war”. Besides, the navigation of the Arctic passages will also burden the Arctic eco-environment and trigger a wave of eco-environmental effects in the Arctic region include exacerbating environmental pollution, threatening survival of life, intensifying climate change, changing local production and lives, even worldwide. On this basis, this study uses a system dynamics analysis of positive and negative effects to review the resource and environmental effects due to opening the Arctic passages and proposes the measures to ensure the resource and environmental sustainability.