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Second Harmonic Scattering (SHS) is a suitable technique to investigate the orientational correlations between molecules. This article explores the organization of different dye molecules adsorbed within the hydrophobic porosity of a hybrid organic–inorganic nanotube. Experimental polarization resolved SHS measurements highlight different orientational orders ranking from highly ordered and rigid organizations to disordered assemblies. Microscopic models of assemblies inside the pores are presented and discussed in the context of orientational correlation between the dye molecules. This work shows that the degree of order in the nanotube cavity follows the molecule's affinity within the porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, pure and S–N/WO3 (1%–7%) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for the degradation of MB dye. Optical properties, vibrational analysis, morphology, structural analysis, and photocatalytic activity of the samples have been evaluated using a variety of characterization techniques, including UV–vis, PL, FTIR, SEM, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns showed that the stability of the orthorhombic phase of WO3 was affected by the concentrations of S and N. In SEM, nanospheres with an average size of 80 nm of NPs have been observed. The PL results showed that the e−, h+ recombination rate for the S–N7%/WO3 sample was the lowest. The degradation of MB dye has also been investigated in order to investigate the photocatalytic performance. Remarkably, S–N7%/WO3 shows the best results, with a maximum degradation of 90% in 120 min. The stability of the improved catalyst was tested using recycling and trapping studies. S–N7%/WO3 catalyst's exceptional photocatalytic activity highlights its potential use in wastewater treatment. This study will be helpful for manufacturing innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the accuracy of excited state (ES) geometries using optimally tuned LC-PBE functionals with tuning based on GW quasiparticle energies. We compare the results obtained with the PBE, PBE0, non-tuned, and tuned LC-PBE functionals with available high-level CC reference values as well as experimental data. First, we compare ES geometrical parameters obtained for three different types of systems: molecules composed of a few atoms, 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN), and conjugated dyes. To this end, we used wave-function results as benchmarks. Next, we evaluate the accuracy of the theoretically simulated spectra as compared to the experimental ones for five large dyes. Our results show that, besides small compact molecules for which tuning LC-PBE does not allow obtaining geometries more accurate than those computed with standard functionals, tuned range-separated functionals are clearly to be favored, not only for ES geometries but also for 0–0 energies, band shapes, and intensities for absorption and emission spectra. In particular, the results indicate that GW-tuned LC-PBE functionals provide improved matching with experimental spectra as compared to conventionally tuned functionals. It is an open question whether TD-DFT with GW-tuned functionals can qualitatively mimic the actual many-body Bethe–Salpeter (BSE/GW) formalism for which analytic ionic gradients remain to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As water pollution is increasing due to industrialization, there is a high demand for easy-processing photocatalytic materials to clean wastewater. Here, the improvement in the photocatalytic dye degradation effect of graphene oxide (GO) surfaces, made of ultra-sonication assisted modified Hummer's method, is demonstrated with increasing alumina (Al2O3) concentration in the range of 4–30 wt. %. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction results suggest a gradual increment in crystalline Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) by reducing GO, in good agreement with the first-principles calculations. Moreover, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the appearance of oxygenated functional groups with increasing Al2O3 concentration, leading to the formation of defect-rich GO as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy further reflects a maximum reduction in the optical bandgap from 1.88 to 1.56 eV up to a concentration of 15 wt. % Al2O3. Interestingly, the methylene blue degradation efficiency of GO under ultraviolet irradiation is also found to be improved from 45% to 64% with 15 wt. % Al2O3, whereas the formation of Al2O3 NPs in the range of 100–300 nm with 30 wt. % Al2O3 is found to be detrimental for photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared region (NIR; 650–1700 nm) dyes offer many advantages over traditional dyes with absorption and emission in the visible region. However, developing new NIR dyes, especially organic dyes with long wavelengths, small molecular weight, and excellent stability and biocompatibility, is still quite challenging. Herein, we present a general method to enhance the absorption and emission wavelengths of traditional fluorophores by simply appending a charge separation structure, dihydropyridopyrazine. These novel NIR dyes not only exhibited greatly redshifted wavelengths compared to their parent dyes, but also displayed a small molecular weight increase together with retained stability and biocompatibility. Specifically, dye NIR‐OX, a dihydropyridopyra‐zine derivative of oxazine with a molecular mass of 386.2 Da, exhibited an absorption at 822 nm and an emission extending to 1200 nm, making it one of the smallest molecular‐weight NIR‐II emitting dyes. Thanks to its rapid metabolism and long wave‐length, NIR‐OX enabled high‐contrast bioimaging and assessment of cholestatic liver injury in vivo and also facilitated the evalua‐tion of the efficacy of liver protection medicines against cholestatic liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzodifuranone derivatives, structural analogues of widely studied diketopyrrolopyrrole, have been reported to show photoluminescence exclusively in solution states. Here, upon introducing bulky aromatic groups into benzodifuranone dyes, crystals with unprecedented solid‐state emission were obtained. A crystallographic analysis revealed that the emissive properties should most likely be attributed to the absence of stacking between the dye scaffolds. In addition to the solid‐state emission, the compound showed responsivity to external stimuli, i. e. luminescent mechanochromism and thermosalient effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New azo Schiff base disperse dyes based on a chromene moiety were synthesized by reacting (2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4 H-chromene-3 carbonitrile) and(2-amino-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4 H-chromene-3-carbonitrile), with vanillin and ninhydrin, producing new chromene Schiff base derivatives, which in turn were coupled with 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt to give new 4 azo disperse dyes (1–4). The structures of the prepared dyes were confirmed using elemental analysis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and IR. The synthesized dyes were applied to polyester and nylon fabrics using different dyeing techniques: high temperature- high pressure, and ultrasonic dyeing methods. The highest K/S values for all investigated dyes were achieved usinga high temperature-high pressure dyeing technique. Also, the color reflectance of all synthesized dyes with different dyeing shades (1%, 2%, and 3%) was obtained. The fastness properties of the dyed samples using the investigated dyes showed good color fastness toward light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. The presence of a chromene moiety and Schiff base in the investigated dyes promotes a higher antimicrobial activity on nylon and polyester fabrics against all tested bacteria (E. coli gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive) and two fungi, Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Hair dyes are widely used in daily life. However, data on self‐reported adverse skin reactions are scarce.To estimate the proportion of lifetime hair dye use and self‐reported adverse skin reactions in the Dutch general population, and to investigate the association between (adverse skin reactions to) hair dye use and contact allergy‐related factors.This cross‐sectional study collected questionnaire‐derived data from the Lifelines cohort. Logistic regression analyses were conducted between (adverse skin reactions to) hair dye use and black henna tattoo use, reactions to henna tattoos, patch testing, hand eczema and an occupation as hairdresser or beautician.The proportion of hair dye use was 63.1% of 70 987 participants, of which 6.8% experienced adverse skin reactions, mostly mild (77.7%). Hair dye users and those with skin reactions were both positively associated (p < 0.05) with female sex, middle‐age, (positive) patch test results and hairdresser or beautician occupations. Hair dye users were more likely to have had henna tattoos, and those with reactions to hair dye were more likely to have had reactions to henna tattoos.Hair dye use is prevalent among the Dutch general population and frequently causes adverse skin reactions, especially in females who had black henna tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Subjective surgeon interpretation of near-infrared perfusion video is limited by low inter-observer agreement and poor correlation to clinical outcomes. In contrast, quantification of indocyanine green fluorescence video (Q-ICG) correlates with histologic level of perfusion as well as clinical outcomes. Measuring dye volume over time, however, has limitations, such as it is not on-demand, has poor spatial resolution, and is not easily repeatable. Laser speckle contrast imaging quantification (Q-LSCI) is a real-time, dye-free alternative, but further validation is needed. We hypothesize that Q-LSCI will distinguish ischemic tissue and correlate over a range of perfusion levels equivalent to Q-ICG. Methods: Nine sections of intestine in three swine were devascularized. Pairs of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging video were quantified within perfused, watershed, and ischemic regions. Q-ICG used normalized peak inflow slope. Q-LSCI methods were laser speckle perfusion units (LSPU), the base unit of laser speckle imaging, relative perfusion units (RPU), a previously described methodology which utilizes an internal control, and zero-lag normalized cross-correlation (X-Corr), to investigate if the signal deviations convey accurate perfusion information. We determine the ability to distinguish ischemic regions and correlation to Q-ICG over a perfusion gradient. Results: All modalities distinguished ischemic from perfused regions of interest; Q-ICG values of 0.028 and 0.155 (p < 0.001); RPU values of 0.15 and 0.68 (p < 0.001); and X-corr values of 0.73 and 0.24 (p < 0.001). Over a range of perfusion levels, RPU had the best correlation with Q-ICG (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) compared with LSPU (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and X-Corr (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Q-LSCI discriminates ischemic from perfused tissue and represents similar perfusion information over a broad range of perfusion levels comparable to clinically validated Q-ICG. This suggests that Q-LSCI might offer clinically predictive real-time dye-free quantification of tissue perfusion. Further work should include validation in histologic studies and human clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Sentinel lymph node dissection is performed in endometrial cancer surgery instead of staging surgery, particularly when the disease is advanced and confined to the uterus. The aim of this study is to share our sentinel lymph node detection rates via the vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery method with the literature and to demonstrate a safer and more comfortable surgical treatment process. Methods: The analysis includes the patients who underwent surgery sentinel lymph node dissection for endometrial cancer utilizing indociyanin green in our center between January 2022 and June 2024. Results: In all, of 24 endometrial cancer patients underwent surgery sentinel lymph node dissection, nonendometrioid (serous) pathology was observed in only 1 (4%) patient, our other patients (96%) had endometrioid adenocarcinoma pathology. The rates of our sentinel lymph node dissection bilateral and symmetric are 96% (23/24), 94% (22/24), and 79% (19/24), respectively. We would like to emphasize that we successfully used vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach on four of our patients who were unsuitable for laparoscopic and robotic surgery due to pain scores of 2 at the 12th hour after surgery and low lung capacity. Conclusions: Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and sentinel lymph node dissection will be considered as surgical options in other gynecological cancers due to the comfort it brings to the patient in endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotechnology holds the potential to revolutionize textile dyeing by utilizing biopigments, biodegradable dyes, and fermentative dyeing methods as alternatives to synthetic options. While some challenges exist, these biotechnological approaches offer innovative solutions to minimize environmental impact and foster sustainable practices, leading toward a greener, circular and efficient textile bioindustry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, MXene nanosheets were utilized as a co-catalyst to modify the graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst and synthesize the g-C3N4/MXene composite. Eosin Y dye was employed as a model organic pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation performance. Eosin Y, an anionic dye, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its resistance to biodegradation, as well as its toxicity and carcinogenicity. To synthesize this composite, graphitic carbon nitride was initially produced using a simple thermal polymerization method. Subsequently, it was protonated and assembled with MXene nanosheets through a self-assembly process. The MXene nanosheets were synthesized using a Mild method. Characterization and confirmation of the successful synthesis of the g-C3N4/MXene composite were conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The results of the Eosin Y degradation experiments indicated that the composite with a 7% weight ratio of MXene nanosheets exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance among the various weight ratios tested. The incorporation of MXene nanosheets more than doubled the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride. The MCN7 sample was able to remove 98% of 25 mg/L Eosin Y dye from an aqueous solution within 120 minutes, using a photocatalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L. The findings of this study demonstrate that the integration of MXene nanosheets with graphitic carbon nitride significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride in the degradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the decolorization and detoxification of a dye originating from a feather-dyeing house using the laccase enzyme. Efficient decolorization was achieved under a wide range of environmental conditions, including pH, temperature, enzyme loading, and dye concentration. The decolorization rate reached up to 98% within 10 min when the mediator acetosyringone was present. Decolorization was attributed to the degradation of the dye by laccase, as analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). At least three dominant intermediates (m/z 167.993, 194.475, 118.040) were identified, deriving from the original dye (m/z 521.044). Compared to the non-decolorized dye solution, the decolorized dye ones at various concentrations exhibited lower toxicity towards aerobic activated sludge (AS). This was evident from the significantly higher respiratory intensity of AS, with an O₂ uptake of 35 mg for the decolorized solution versus 11 mg for the non-decolorized solution after 12 h at a 100 mg/L dye concentration. The results suggest that laccase-catalyzed decolorization could serve as an effective pretreatment method for traditional activated sludge (AS)-based processes, thereby enhancing the overall treatment performance of dye wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, efficient catalyst is prepared using ZnO and α -Fe2O3 along with a surface modification using 2-methylimidazole. Surface modified feature of the catalyst is confirmed by the shifting of vibrational frequency to higher wavenumber. Photocatalytic properties of the as-synthesized and surface modified composites are investigated by measuring the degradation of Methylene Blue (cationic) dye under sunlight irradiation. Both the samples exhibited a similar photocatalytic efficiency of 78% under 300 min. The effect of surface modification shows no significant enhancement on the cationic dye removal. Further, the samples are tested for the degradation of Methyl Blue (anionic) dye in dark condition to validate the effect of functionalization. Surface functionalized sample exhibits 96% efficiency compared to 86% for the pristine sample. Thus, surface modification has extended to be one of the promising techniques for enhancing the catalytic properties of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The film photocatalyst is easily recycled and has attracted the widely research interesting. Here the ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0 · 5 O 2 (HZO) thin film synthesized through the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is used as a photocatalyst for the rhodamine B (RhB) dye decomposition under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic RhB dye decomposition performances with or without an external magnetic field excitation provided by a commercial NdFeB magnet are experimentally characterized. With the increasing of the external direct-current (DC) magnetic field from 0 to 3000 Gs, the photocatalytic RhB dye decomposition ratio by HZO film obviously increases from 87.20 % to 98.17 %, which is attributed to the enhanced separation of the photo-induced positive and negative carrier due to the magnetic Lorentz effect. The magnetically-induced enhancement of photocatalysis in the ferroelectric HZO film, provides a method with these advantages of simple external excitation method, remarkable promotion effect and friendly-environment to enhance the dye decomposition ratio, and is potential in the practical application of photocatalytic dye wastewater treatment through harvesting the clean solar energy in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes are soft, eco-friendly, and non-toxic colours for silk fabric, imparting high compatibility with the environment. Among the different natural dyestuffs derived from different parts of plants, the peel of the Parkia roxburghii pod is thriving as one of the potential natural substantive dyes. The study reveals optimization of dye extraction for dyeing silk fabric. Colour strength (K/S) and absorbance of dye extract were evaluated for optimization of extraction and dyeing parameters. The optimized ML ratio (material and solvent proportions) was 1:30 for 60 min of boiling at 80 °C under acidic medium. Use of natural and synthetic mordants produced different colour patterns giving two classes, YR, light to dark brownish colour. CuSO4, lime juice and Terminalia chebula mordants produced better wash fastness and light fastness in meta-mordant conditions. Dyeing silk with parkia peel without mordant also produces better fastness properties, thus acts as a natural substantive silk dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have selected a semi-rigid hexacarboxylic acid ligand H6L enriched with oxygen-active sites with Cd2+ salt, successfully synthesising a 3-D anionic material MOF-1 ([(CH3)2NH2]2[Cd2L]·3DMA·2H2O, H6L = 5,5',5"-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(oxy))triisophthalic acid). The structure of this carboxylic acid ligand is triangular in shape, which contributes to the formation of the 3-D framework structure, and its semi-rigidity facilitates entry of dye molecules by slightly adjusting the pore size. The larger pore size of MOF-1 is 1.45 nm x 0.86 nm. The oxygen spacer groups are uniformly distributed throughout the framework, promoting the adsorption of MOF-1 for dyes. Based on these factors, there is a significant advantage in that the anionic material MOF-1 containing [(CH3)2NH2]+ selectively adsorbs cationic organic dyes from aqueous contaminants for recycling. It was discovered that the adsorption process' equilibrium and kinetics followed the Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo-secondary kinetics, respectively. And we measured the adsorption rate of MOF-1' on MB+ to be 1.77 x 10-3 g mg-1 min-1. Its relatively high capacity is ca. 1220 mg g-1. After five cycles of adsorption and desorption, the dye adsorption performance was reduced to ca. 80% and the framework stability remained well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1D nanomaterials have attracted great attention due to their outstanding anisotropic and linear structures. A facile method is developed to fabricate 1D copper metal–organic framework nanowires (Cu‐MOF‐NW) through steam‐assisted conversion from Cu‐MOF precursors. During the steam‐assisted conversion, Cu‐MOF precursor gradually dissolves in methanol steam, and then recrystallized into Cu‐MOF‐NW, which shows high aspect ratio of about 600 and identical crystal structure of MOF‐74. As‐prepared Cu‐MOF‐NW with multiscale porous structure can effectively remove cationic dyes even in dye mixture. Moreover, Cu‐MOF‐NW, as an ideal template, is calcined to form Cu nanoparticle‐doped carbon nanofiber with maintaining its 1D morphology, which shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the non‐enzymatic sensing of glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel reactive dyes D1–D3 based on vinamidinium salt were designed and synthesized. Bis(monochlorotriazine) was introduced as the reactive group and sodium sulfonate was the water‐soluble group. Their photophysical properties were studied systematacially. The strong and sharp ground‐state absorption peak in the 250–320 nm range in the UV‐vis absorption spectrum of the aqueous solution could be attributed to the 1π–π* transition by the parent structure of the dyes, and the relatively broad absorption peak in the range of 300–650 nm could be attributed to the 1π–π* mixed intramolecular charge transfer. By applying this series of reactive dyes to the dyeing of four fabrics (silk, cotton, polyester/cotton blends, and polyester), the dyeing depths were in the range of 5.2–28.6 under salt‐free conditions. The results show that D3 with higher planarity can increase the dyeing depth. At length, fastening tests on dyed cotton fabrics and silk showed that this series of reactive dyes had a color fastness between grades 3 and 5 for abrasion and soap‐washing. In summary, these reactive dyes could be potential dyes for salt‐free dyeing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids interfere with absorbance measurements conducted using colorimetric methods. To monitor lipemia, some systems measure absorbance using an analyzer. This report describes a novel case of interference with the lipemia index without lipemia. A 64-year-old woman with giant basal cell carcinoma underwent resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The patient had been subcutaneously injected with patent blue during sentinel lymph node resection. After surgery, her serum and urine were yellow-green, and the lipemia index, calculated by measuring absorbance at 658 nm (main wavelength) and 694 nm (secondary wavelength) using a JCA-BM8040 chemistry analyzer, was high. The absorbance spectrum of the patient's serum and patent blue solution were compared to determine the cause of the high lipemia index. The patient's serum and the patent blue solution showed absorption at wavelengths between 540 and 698 nm. Moreover, the absorbance was concentration-dependent for patent blue. These results thus indicated that the patient's serum contained patent blue. Here, we report a case wherein patent blue affected the lipemia index. Thus, it must be noted that patent blue injection may yield inaccurate results when evaluating lipemia index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Gentian violet ink is used as a skin marker in various surgical procedures, including neurosurgery. The dye is also used to visualize the edges of blood vessels during bypass surgery. However, gentian violet ink carries the risks of carcinogenicity and venous injury, which causes microvascular thrombosis. In this study, we compare the gentian violet–free dye C.I. Basic Violet 4 (BV4) and gentian violet. The usefulness, in terms of color, and formation of microvascular thrombosis in anastomosis were compared. Methods We used the gentian violet–free dye in 20 cases involving 3 vascular anastomoses. The bone cutting lines on the bone surface, superior temporal artery, and middle cerebral artery were drawn using BV4 and gentian violet ink. Results The colors of BV4 and gentian violet ink were similar. No thrombus formation was observed at the vascular anastomosis when using BV4. Conclusion BV4 can be used similarly to gentian violet ink. No adverse effects such as thrombus formation in microvascular anastomosis were experienced when BV4 was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent years, natural dyes have attracted significant attention globally because of growing public awareness of the environment and health hazards associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes can provide special aesthetic qualities as well as the ethical significance of a product which is environmentally friendly. By keeping this burning issue in mind, this study aims to explore the dyeing properties of various unexplored environmentally friendly natural dyes. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the aqueous extract of coconut leaves is used for dyeing purpose. The silk and jute fabrics were dyed with the extract alone as well as in combination with metal salts as mordants by employing pre-, meta- and postmordanting techniques. The dyeing properties of the colored samples were evaluated by measuring their color strength; CIEL*a*b* values; and color fastness to washing, light and rubbing. Findings: A yellow shade was achieved when the fabric samples were dyed solely with the extract. However, shade variations were observed when different mordants and mordanting techniques were applied. In all the cases, metallic salts improved the color fastness properties of dyed samples to washing, light and rubbing especially for the silk fabric. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on a natural dye extracted from the leaves of coconut. Leaf as the source of dye has added an extra advantage, as it is reproducible and can be collected easily without harming the plants. The reported dye could be an attractive choice for sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to check the effectivity of plasma in the natural dyeing of polyester fabric using four natural dyes – Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu using plasma and alum mordant. The surface modification on the polyester fabric by plasma along with the use of benign mordant alum is studied. The enhancement of dyeability in polyester fabric with natural dyes is the main focus. Due to surface modification, the wettability increases, which leads to better dye uptake. Better dye uptake and better dye adherence are the main objectives. Design/methodology/approach: Plasma-mediated natural dyeing is the main design of this research work. The effect of plasma treatment on surface modification of synthetic fabric polyester and its subsequent effects on their dyeing with different natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu are studied. The dyeability was further enhanced by the use of alum as mordant. The main focus is on the betterment of natural dyeing of polyester fabric using sustainable natural dyes resources for dyeing and to reduce wastewater contamination from the usage of toxic additive chemicals for cleaner production. Findings: Plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted dyeing method facilitated very good dyeability of all the four natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu. Color strength (K/S) values and fastness properties of plasma-treated samples were far better than untreated samples. The synergistic effect of plasma and alum mordanting has made natural dyeing of polyester very easy with very good fastness results. Natural dyeing of polyester after 2 min of plasma treatment showed excellent and desirable results. The process is also easy to be adapted by industries. Research limitations/implications: As polyester is hydrophobic, natural dyeing of polyester fabric is not very easy, but with plasma-mediated natural dyeing, it becomes a very facile dyeing method; thus, there are no limitations. Use of plasma has reduced the need for any chemical additives which are usually added during the dyeing process. Practical implications: This process of natural dyeing of polyester fabric can be scaled up to industrial dyeing with natural dyes. Plasma pretreatment of the fabric followed by premordanting with alum has facilitated the natural dyeing well. Social implications: Use of plasma in place of chemical modifiers can be a green and environmentally friendly approach for sustainable coloration of polyester fabric, providing a clean wet processing for textiles dyeing. Originality/value: The synergistic effect of plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted natural dyeing of polyester has not been attempted by any researcher. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is for the first time that pretreatment with atmospheric plasma followed by alum mordanting of polyester fabric has shown very good dye uptake and fastness properties as the dye molecules could penetrate well after 2 min of the plasma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A stable organic radical dye has been synthesized which showed high fluorescence intensity in the NIR-II region; • Polypeptide nanoparticles encapsulating the dye shows high bright in NIR-II region with high photothermal efficiency; • Mild photothermal therapy (m-PTT) has been achieved using the nanoparticle; • M−PTT led to the creation of immunostimulatory tumor vaccines. Stable organic radicals have emerged as a promising option to enhance fluorescence quantum yield (QY), gaining traction in medical treatment due to their unique electronic transitions from the ground state (D 0) to the doublet excited state (D 1). We synthesized a stable dicyanomethyl radical with a NIR-II fluorescence QY of 0.86 %, surpassing many NIR-II organic dyes. Subsequently, amphiphilic polymer-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) containing the radical were created, achieving a NIR-II fluorescence QY of 0.32 %, facilitating high-contrast bio-imaging. These CNPPs exhibit self-enhanced photothermal properties, elevating photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) from 43.5 % to 57.5 % under 915 nm laser irradiation. This advancement enables more efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) with lower dye concentrations and reduced laser power, enhancing both feasibility and safety. Through regular fractionated mild photothermal therapy, we observed the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and an increase in cytokine expression, culminating in combined mild phototherapy (m-PTT)-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD). Consequently, we developed an immunostimulatory tumor vaccine, showcasing a novel approach for refining photothermal agents (PTA) and optimizing the PTT process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The industrial applications of enzymes are usually hindered by the high production cost, intricate reusability, and low stability in terms of thermal, pH, salt, and storage. Therefore, the de novo design of nanozymes that possess the enzyme mimicking biocatalytic functions sheds new light on this field. Here, we propose a facile one-pot synthesis approach to construct Cu-chelated polydopamine nanozymes (PDA-Cu NPs) that can not only catalyze the chromogenic reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP), but also present enhanced photothermal catalytic degradation for typical textile dyes. Compared with natural laccase, the designed mimic has higher affinity to the substrate of 2,4-DP with K m of 0.13 mM. Interestingly, PDA-Cu nanoparticles are stable under extreme conditions (temperature, ionic strength, storage), are reusable for 6 cycles with 97 % activity, and exhibit superior substrate universality. Furthermore, PDA-Cu nanozymes show a remarkable acceleration of the catalytic degradation of dyes, malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB), under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. These findings offer a promising paradigm on developing novel nanozymes for biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-rigid V-shaped bis(N,N-trimellitoyl)-4,4′-oxydianiline linker was designed to construct a novel mesoporous cobalt (II) metal organic framework (Co-MOF). Optical band gap of 3.23 eV was obtained using a Tauc formula, which confirms the semiconducting property of the synthesized Co-MOF. Further, the resulting Co-MOF, as photocatalyst, was investigated in environmental application for the reduction of toxic Cr (VI) to less toxic Cr (III) as well as in the degradation of organic rhodamine B (Rh B) dye in an aqueous medium under natural sunlight. As pH value is essential for the Cr (VI) reduction reaction, thus control experiment was conducted in the acidic pH range 2–6, where 90.76, 77.23 and 37.43% of reduction was observed at pH of 2, 4 and 6, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation of Rh B dye was also performed, where 98.89% degradation obtained within 90 min. The recyclability test was also assessed for Cr (VI) reduction reaction at pH 2 and for degradation of Rh B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how colour was used as a tool of pictorial narrative in the Bayeux Tapestry and the illustrated Old English Hexateuch, the two longest such cycles to survive from 11th-century England. The dyes employed for the former and the pigments of the latter are identified; the palettes that they permitted their respective artists to realize are set out; the colouring of cognate scenes are compared; and the general principles (such as they were) that affected the deployment of colour in the two works are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural indigo, the most widely produced and utilized natural dye, encounters quality challenges due to the lack of standardization in the natural dye industry. Rapid determination of natural indigo dye contents before the dyeing process appears extremely important. In this study, two prediction models for different concentrations were established using partial least squares in conjunction with near-infrared analysis quantitatively to analyze the natural indigo dye content. A total of 228 indigo samples were collected from 14 different dyestuffs across various regions, with concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/L and 10 to 100 mg/L, respectively. The spectral pre-processing methods of multiplicative scatter correction plus first-order derivative and Savitzky–Golay smoothing plus band normalization plus first-order derivative were selected to enhance the model prediction accuracy. The optimized model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy. Within the concentration range of 100–1000 mg/L, the model has an R 2 value of 0.9994, and a root mean square error of prediction value of 6.36 mg/L. In the concentration range of 10–100 mg/L, the model returned an R 2 value of 0.9907, and a root mean square error of prediction value of 2.80 mg/L. The model's detection limit stands at 49.2 mg/L. The results demonstrated that the near-infrared models developed in this study can be used rapidly and accurately for the quantitative determination of natural indigo dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel far-red sensitive symmetric squaraine (SQ) dyes with terminal alkyl chain modifications were designed, synthesized, and characterized, aiming towards imparting multifunctionalities such as photosensitization, dye aggregation prevention, and source of electrolyte components. The dye sensitizer SQ-80 with alkyl chain terminal modifications consisting of 1-methylimidazolium iodide was designed and synthesized as a new dye sensitizer for DSSCs based on symmetric SQ-4 without any terminal modification used as reference. Upon adsorption on the mesoporous TiO2 surface, SQ-80 demonstrated reduced dye aggregation and stronger binding to the TiO2 surface, leading to enhanced durability of DSSCs. Apart from the most common photosensitization behavior, the newly designed dye demonstrated multifunctionalities such as aggregation prevention and electrolyte functionality, utilizing iodine-based redox electrolytes in the presence and absence of I2 and LiI additives. In the absence of LiI and I2, a mixture of SQ-77 with alkyl chain terminal modifications consisting of iodide and SQ-80 demonstrated a photoconversion efficiency of 1.54% under simulated solar irradiation, which was about six times higher compared with the reference dye SQ-4 (0.24%) (having no alkyl chain terminal modification). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile industry uses large quantities of different dyes to fulfill the rapidly growing demand for the dyed textile products, resulting in more dye consumption, greater dye discharge as textile dyeing effluent, and higher cost. To decrease the dyes consumption, this research evaluates the performance of novel ozone-based dyeing processes for cotton fabric. So far, reported ozone-based processes for textile involve the usage of high ozone intensity for removing impurities, discoloration of solution, color fading in denim and other fabrics. This research is a first effort, which concentrates on the performance enhancement of the exhaust dyeing process for cotton fabrics through the application of controlled and lower amount of ozone. In this research, ozone dosage is controlled through ozone generator knob to only 0.5 g/h (10%), 1 g/h (20%), 1.5 g/h (30%), 2 g/h (40%), and 2.5 g/h (50%). In contrast, ozone dosage reaches up to 60 g/h in cotton bleaching. This research evaluates the four ozone-based dyeing processes for cotton fabrics using two primary reactive dyes and two primary direct dyes under different concentrations of ozone. Effect of ozonation was evaluated for both direct and reactive dyes at four stages, namely during dyeing, dry ozonation before dyeing, pre-wet ozonation before dyeing, and ozonation after dyeing. Results showed that K/S value of the optimized ozone-based processes was better than the conventional exhaust process. For instance, K/S value for benchmarked conventional dyed sample was 2.147 for reactive yellow, and it was 3.271 (33.5% higher) for the "ozonation after dyeing" process. Similar trends were observed for many other trials, resulting in higher K/S value. In addition, the fastness properties of the optimized processes were comparable with the conventional exhaust process. FTIR and SEM analysis were also performed on selective ozone dyed fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniform, stable, one-step dyeing of textile fabrics made from a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers using traditional methods remains problematic to this day. As an alternative to traditional methods, a one-step method for dyeing mixed cotton and polyester fabrics with a new natural dye—a complex of collagen and C r 3 + and C u 2 + ions—was proposed for the first time. Dyeing of pre-prepared cotton, polyester, and cotton–polyester fabrics is carried out by dipping in an aqueous dye solution, squeezing, drying, and heat setting. The influence of the mass ratio of dye components, fixation temperature, and pH of the solution on the degree of dye fixation was determined. A degree of sorption of dyes (14–25%) from the solution onto the surface of fabrics was established, which after heat fixation decreases slightly (1–3%). During washing processes, the copper complex is almost completely washed out from polyester and blended fabrics and remains in small quantities (2.4–3.8%) on the surface of cotton fabrics. After water washing, the degree of fixation of the collagen–chrome complex in fabrics is as follows: in cotton—8–10%, in polyester—10–12%, and in cotton–polyester—8–9%. The color coordinates of cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics hardly change before and after washing, but for polyester fabric, the changes are significant. The mechanism of interaction of the complex dye with the fibers was studied using the Fourier transform infrared method, and the morphology and distribution of the dye on the surface of the samples using the SEM-EDS method. The dye binds to cellulose through ionic and coordination bonds, and to polyester through joint melting. Therefore, unlike pure polyester fabric, cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics demonstrated high color fastness to washing and light fastness. The use of production waste, the exclusion of synthetic dyes and harmful chemicals, and single-stage dyeing of the material reduce the environmental burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vital blue dyes could enhance the contrast of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) during macular surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy for vitreomacular interface disorders were enrolled. Intraoperative OCT was performed with the Artevo 800 microscope (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) before and after injection of 0.2 mL of Trypan Blue and Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution. The OCT contrast ratio was measured with ImageJ, while the overall scan quality was subjectively classified using a 4-point scale. Results: Ten eyes of 10 patients were enrolled in the study. The OCT contrast ratio was 9.39 ± 5.35 without blue dye and significantly improved to 14.31 ± 10.50 after blue dye injection (p = 0.027). The percentage of patients with a grade 4 scan quality also significantly improved (from 40% without blue dye to 90% with blue dye injection; p = 0.012). Conclusion: The use of blue dyes during intraoperative OCT is an effective strategy for improving contrast and scan quality without affecting the surgical time and workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the N‐(3,5‐dichloro‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinium perchlorate and of its deprotonated betaine 4‐(2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinio)‐2,6‐dichlorophenolate (Wolfbeis's ET(33) dye) were recorded in various solvents and analyzed in search of solvent‐dependent shifts that characterize their solvatomagnetism, which was compared with the well‐known UV–vis spectral behavior of this important solvatochromic dye. Although the NMR spectra of ET(33) and its phenolic precursor in different solvents correlated only poorly with their UV–vis spectral responses, they provided valuable information on specific structural features and solute–solvent interactions that are not available from their UV–vis spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI heterostructure photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity was prepared by the composite modification and sol‐gel procedure. TiO2 nanoparticles highly dispersed on the surface of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI, which provides sufficient active sites for the photocatalytic degradation process. The photodegradation performance of the photocatalyst was evaluated by the removal rate of Congo Red. The researches showed that the degradation effect of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI for Congo Red is significantly stronger than that of TiO2 and BiOCl‐BiOI, which is mainly due to the type‐II heterojunction structure of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI and its enhanced visible‐light response. The experiments of free radical capture indicated that ⋅O2- ${{{\rm O}}_{2}^{-}}$ and h+ ${{{\rm h}}^{+}}$ are the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation system. This study showed that TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI can almost completely degrade Congo Red under simulated sunlight, making it the harmless substances such as H2O and CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile dyes are frequently disposable in aqueous effluents, making it difficult to remove them from industrial effluents before their release to natural waters. This paper deals with the fabrication of cellulose-based adsorbents by reacting nanocelulose crystalline (nanocel) with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TMSPEDA), forming the hybrid (silylpropyl)ethylenediamine@nanocellulose (SPEDA@nanocel), which was employed as adsorbent for the uptake of reactive yellow 2 dye (RY-2) from aqueous effluents. Characterisation of SPEDA@nanocel was carried out using FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, TGA, surface area, pHpzc, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity ratio (HI). Also, adsorption studies were thoroughly investigated. The effect of initial pH indicated that the maximum uptake of RY-2 takes place at pH 2, which is an indication of the electrostatic mechanism. The kinetic data carried out with 250 and 500 mg L−1 RY-2 with SPEDA@nanocel followed better the nonlinear fractional-like pseudo-first-order model. The t0.5 and t0.95 for the dye uptake were about 30 and 141 min, respectively. The equilibrium data from 10 to 45 °C indicated that the Liu isotherm model was the best-fitted isothermal model. The maximum sorption capacity attained was 112.3 mg g−1 at 45 °C. The thermodynamic data have shown that the equilibrium was favorable and endothermic, and the ΔH° was compatible with an electrostatic attraction between RY-2 and SPEDA@nanocel. Experiments of desorption of loaded adsorbent showed promising results for real applications since at least 5 adsorption/desorption cycles could be employed without significant changes in the recovery and with high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese royal textiles of the Qing dynasty are widely collected around the world, creating a significant demand for dye identification in these textiles. However, the need for sampling in conventional analytical methods greatly limits their applicability. To address this issue, a non‐invasive analysis method based on excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence was developed. In this study, the EEM spectra of 18 typical natural dyeing recipes used for royal textiles of the Qing dynasty were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that EEM fluorescence is effective in discriminating between natural dyes with similar colour hues and various dyeing techniques. Furthermore, the dyeing recipes of two historical kesi cushions in the Palace Museum, Beijing, were non‐invasively decoded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to analyze the effects of liposomes on the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fabrics. For this purpose, firstly liposome synthesis was carried out, and then liposome production was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Additionally, zeta potential measurements were carried out to see whether stable structures were formed. Then, a selected basic dye was encapsulated with a liposome and the possibilities of using these capsules as alternative to retarders in the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fabrics were examined. According to results obtained, it can be said that the 1% solution of synthesized liposomes creates a more stable suspension with a polydispersity index of 0.472 and the average particle size of 165.2 nm. On the other hand, it has been revealed that if 1% liposome is used in dyeing, a kind of retarder effect can be achieved in the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fabrics. Moreover, it can be said that the decrease in color efficiency, that is, the loss of yield, caused by the use of liposome at the end of dyeing is lower compared to the retarder. This is also a very important issue, because a good retarder is expected to slow down the dye uptake, but not reduce the dye intake too much at the end of the dyeing. Dyeing levelness (%) was found to be 96.1, 97.4, and 97.1 for dyeings without auxiliary, with 1% cationic retarder and with 1% liposome, respectively. Beyond this, no significant difference was observed in terms of fastness of dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of naphthalimide dyes (TRNATR, MOTNAMOT, MPNAMP, TYNATY, PNAP and IZNAIZ) were designed and synthesized by altering the side chains of the naphthalimide. Without the need for ER-targeting groups, the first five dyes were found to specifically target the ER, likely due to their well-suited lipophilic properties. Furthermore, TRNATR and TYNATY were proven effective for studying ER stress, showing promise in tracking ER autophagy in living cells triggered by tunicamycin and nutritional starvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, catalytic-degradation of dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) was carried out by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), obtained by adopting the flower extract of Luffa acutangula (LA). The biogenic synthesised LA-AgNPs were characterised by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DLS (dynamic light scattering) with zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic(HR-TEM) analyses. The typical surface plasmon resonance peak of LA-AgNPs was observed at 428 nm, as confirmed from UV-Vis spectrum. The formation of LA-AgNPs was observed through colour transformation from pale yellow to dark-brown due to the reduction of Ag+. Synthesised LA-AgNPs displayed spherical shape and face-centred cubic structure with an average size of 10–30 nm. The effects of various parameters such as initial extract concentration, time and time process were studied. The degradation reactions of MB and MG are found to follow the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Biogenic synthesised LA-AgNPs showed good degradation ability to reduce the MG and MB with NaBH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Results Conclusion Use of permanent hair dyes causes unintended oxidative damage during the short time frame of the dyeing process that leads to perceivable changes in the feel, manageability and appearance of hair. Moreover, after hair has been dyed, regular exposure to the sun as a key environmental stressor continues to stimulate additional oxidative damage and to induce newly developed hair colours to fade prematurely or undergo changes in colour quality.To document the utility of acetyl zingerone methyl ether (MAZ) as a newly designed haircare ingredient to afford extra protection against oxidative damage and safeguard the integrity of hair colour.We demonstrate that MAZ is compatible chemically with the high alkaline conditions required for the colouring process and from theoretical calculations preferentially binds Fe and Cu ions relative to Ca or Zn ions. In model Fenton reactions MAZ effectively chelated active redox metals (Fe and Cu ions) in the presence of excess Ca+2 ions to inhibit the production of hydroxyl radicals, and in separate studies, MAZ neutralized singlet oxygen with greater efficiency than α‐tocopherol by a factor of 2.5. When mixed into permanent dyes prior to hair tress application, MAZ significantly reduced combing forces, and SEM images led to substantial reductions in visual signs of surface damage. In a 28‐day clinical study, relative to controls, mixing MAZ into hair dyes prior to application interfered neither with colour development nor with ability to cover grey hair and led to significant improvements in perceived attributes associated with hair's condition immediately following the dyeing process. Over a 28‐day maintenance phase, especially between Day 14 and Day 28, continued use of shampoo and conditioner containing MAZ significantly preserved gloss measurements and hair colour in terms of longevity and colour quality as remaining desired and fresh compared to use of control shampoo and conditioner.This work establishes MAZ as a next‐generation hair care ingredient for use in permanent dyes to attenuate oxidative damage and in shampoos and conditioners to promote longevity of hair colour and to maintain overall health and appearance of hair on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of agricultural waste is becoming more common with the spread of awareness of sustainable life. In the present study, different concentrations (10 gr/L, 15 gr/L, 20 gr/L) of aqueous extracts were obtained from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves as agricultural waste and fabrics containing 100% wool were coloured with these extracts by using infra-red dyeing machine. Aluminium, iron and copper based mordants, which are frequently used in natural dyeing, were added to the extracts. After dyeing process, colours in alluring brown, green and yellow tones were obtained in the fabrics. According to the spectrophotometer measurements, colour yield (K/S) of the samples increased proportionally with increasing concentrations. Washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed wool samples were good, except for the samples dyed with iron-based mordant added extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Ocimum sanctum extract as fuel, magnesium-doped manganese ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical formula MgxMn1−xFe2O4, where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, were synthesized using a green microwave-assisted combustion method and named MF, MMF-1, MMF-2, and MMF-3 NPs, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM with EDS, TEM, CV, PL, and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD patterns illustrated that lattice parameters increase as the magnesium dopant level increases, and the average crystallite sizes of NPs range from 4.51 to 6.98 nm. FT-IR spectra exhibited the stretching modes of the manganese-oxygen bond for octahedral sites at 426–456 cm−1 and the iron–oxygen bond for tetrahedral sites at 566–589 cm−1. SEM and HRTEM images showed that the structure resembles nanoflakes with porous structures, and EDS confirmed the presence of Mg, Mn, O and Fe elements in MDMF NPs. Bandgap was determined through UV-visible spectroscopy, and it displayed a decline with an increase in magnesium doping levels (3.76–3.41 eV). The synthesized NPs exhibited good electrochemical behaviour in CV studies; the peak intensity of the luminescence spectra decreased with an increase in the dose of magnesium dopants, with red emissions at 488 nm and blue emissions at 533 nm, corresponding to the recombination of photoexcited holes and electrons. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized MMF-2 nanoparticles was assessed with methylene blue dye under visible light illumination (98.88%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dye-laden textile wastewater must be treated before release due to various health and environmental concerns. Bioremediation of textile wastewater, however, is a challenge owing to its alkaline and saline nature as mesophilic microbes, in general, are either not able to thrive or show less efficiency under such hostile environment. Thus, pre-treatment for neutralization or salinity removal becomes a prerequisite before applying microbes for treatment, causing extra economical and technical burden. Extremophilic bacteria can be the promising bioremediating tool because of their inherent ability to survive and show toxicants removal capability under such extreme conditions without need of pre-treatment. Among extremophiles, halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria which are naturally adapted to high salt and pH are of special interest for the decolorization of saline-alkaline-rich textile wastewater. The current review article is an attempt to provide an overview of the bioremediation of azo dyes and azo dye-laden textile wastewater using these two classes of extremophilic bacteria. The harmful effects of azo dyes on human health and environment have been discussed herein. Halo-alkaliphilic bacteria circumvent the extreme conditions by various adaptations, e.g., production of certain enzymes, adjustment at the protein level, pH homeostasis, and other structural adaptations that have been highlighted in this review. The unique properties of alkaliphiles and halophiles, to not only sustain but also harboring high dye removal competence at high pH and salt concentration, make them a good candidate for designing future bioremediation strategies for the management of alkaline, salt, and azo dye-laden industrial wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The accuracy of surgery for patients with solid tumors can be greatly improved through fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). However, existing FGS technologies have limitations due to their low penetration depth and sensitivity/selectivity, which are particularly prevalent in the relatively short imaging window (< 900 nm). A solution to these issues is near-infrared-II (NIR-II) FGS, which benefits from low autofluorescence and scattering under the long imaging window (> 900 nm). However, the inherent self-assembly of organic dyes has led to high accumulation in main organs, resulting in significant background signals and potential long-term toxicity. Methods: We rationalize the donor structure of donor–acceptor-donor-based dyes to control the self-assembly process to form an ultra-small dye nanocluster, thus facilitating renal excretion and minimizing background signals. Results: Our dye nanocluster can not only show clear vessel imaging, tumor and tumor sentinel lymph nodes definition, but also achieve high-performance NIR-II imaging-guided surgery of tumor-positive sentinel lymph nodes. Conclusion: In summary, our study demonstrates that the dye nanocluster-based NIR-II FGS has substantially improved outcomes for radical lymphadenectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preserving sufficient oxygen supply to the tissue is fundamental for maintaining organ function. However, our ability to identify those at risk and promptly recognize tissue hypoperfusion during abdominal surgery is limited. To address this problem, we aimed to develop a new method of perfusion monitoring that can be used during surgical procedures and aid surgeons' decision-making. Methods: In this experimental porcine study, thirteen subjects were randomly assigned one organ of interest [stomach (n = 3), ascending colon (n = 3), rectum (n = 3), and spleen (n = 3)]. After baseline perfusion recordings, using high-frequency, low-dose bolus injections with weight-adjusted (0.008 mg/kg) ICG, organ-supplying arteries were manually and completely occluded leading to hypoperfusion of the target organ. Continuous organ perfusion monitoring was performed throughout the experimental conditions. Results: After manual occlusion of pre-selected organ-supplying arteries, occlusion of the peripheral arterial supply translated in an immediate decrease in oscillation signal in most organs (3/3 ventricle, 3/3 ascending colon, 3/3 rectum, 2/3 spleen). Occlusion of the central arterial supply resulted in a further decrease or complete disappearance of the oscillation curves in the ventricle (3/3), ascending colon (3/3), rectum (3/3), and spleen (1/3). Conclusion: Continuous organ-perfusion monitoring using a high-frequency, low-dose ICG bolus regimen can detect organ hypoperfusion in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents studies on the sorption of the anionic dyes Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84) from solutions of single dyes and from dye mixtures onto three chitosan sorbents–chitin, chitosan DD75% and chitosan DD95%. In this work, the influence of pH on sorption efficiency, the sorption equilibrium time for the tested anionic dyes and the sorption capacity in relation to the individual dyes and their mixtures were determined. It has been found that the sorption process for both dyes was most effective at pH 3 for chitin and chitosan DD75 and at pH 4 for chitosan DD95%. The obtained results were described by the double Langmuir equation (Langmuir 2). The obtained constants made it possible to determine the affinity of the tested dyes for the three sorbents and the sorption capacity of the sorbents. For RB5, the highest sorption capacity for chitosan DD95% was achieved with sorption from a single solution–of 742 mg/g DM and with sorption from mixed dyes–of 528 mg/g DM. For RY84, the highest efficiency was also achieved for chitosan DD95% and was 760 mg/g DM for a single dye solution and 437 mg/g DM for a mixture of dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Enhancing the synergistic interplay between adsorption and catalytic oxidation to amplify Fenton-like effects remains a pivotal challenge in advancing water pollution remediation strategies. In this study, a suite of novel carriers (SH) composed of silica (SiO 2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) in different ratios were synthesized through an amalgamation of the sol–gel and co-precipitation techniques. Notably, various forms of copper (Cu) species, including Cu2+ ions and Cu nanoclusters (Cu NCs), could be stably incorporated onto the SH surface via meticulous loading and doping techniques. This approach has engendered a new class of Fenton-like catalysts (Cu NCs-SH1-5) characterized by robust acid-base tolerance stability and remarkable recyclability. Compared with the previously reported Cu NCs-HAp, this catalyst with lower Cu species content could achieve better performance in adsorbing and degrading dyes under the aid of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The catalyst's dual action sites, specifically the adsorption sites (Si OH, P OH, slit pores) and catalytic centers (multivalent Cu species), had clear division of labor and collaborate with each other. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) identification and astute electrochemical testing have unveiled the mechanism underpinning the cooperative degradation of dyes by three types of ROS, spawned through electron transfer between the Fenton-like catalyst (Cu NCs-SH) and H 2 O 2. From these insights, the mechanism of synergistic adsorption-catalytic removal was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bougainvillea flower is recognized as food coloring agent due to the presence of betacyanin compounds. The extraction of these compounds is followed by a subsequent process for encapsulation. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of maltodextrin and carrageenan on encapsulation characteristics of bougainvillea flower dye extract and obtain the best ratio. Encapsulation was carried out with the ratio of maltodextrin and carrageenan, namely 10:0 (MC1), 9.5:0.5 (MC2), 9:1 (MC3), 8.5:1.5 (MC4), 8:2 (MC5) and 7.5:2.5 (MC6). The results showed that maltodextrin and carrageenan ratio significantly affected the amendment, moisture content, solubility, brightness level (L*), redness level (a*), yellowness level (b*), total betacyanin, surface betacyanin and encapsulation efficiency. Based on the test, the effectiveness index to produce the best treatment was MC3 with characteristics of amendment, moisture content, solubility, brightness level (L*), redness level (a*), yellowness level (b*), total betacyanin, surface betacyanin and encapsulation efficiency at 91.61 ± 0.34, 6.53 ± 0.22, 87.35 ± 1.90 %, 80.43 ± 1.37, 20.37 ± 0.49, 20.73 ± 0.40, 246.99 ± 2.70, 35.76 ± 0.46 mg/100 g and 85.52 ± 0.09 %, respectively. The encapsulated formulation of bougainvillea flower extract with maltodextrin and carrageenan in a balanced ratio can be used as an alternative to provide natural coloring in food processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]