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This investigation explores the plasmonic effect on molecular fluorescence within ternary liquid systems comprising 7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl) coumarin (C-151) laser dye, ethanol, and benzaldehyde. A key aspect of our investigation involves examining ZrN nanosphere and ZrN nanoshell within these mixtures, marking the first instance of such an analysis in ZrN and ternary liquid compositions. Utilizing experimentally obtained refractive indices, we evaluate resonance peaks in the spectra and their shifts. Our findings reveal improved fluorescence characteristics in C-151 laser dye with the addition of ZrN nanoparticles. Theoretical results suggest that plasmonic nanoparticles play a significant role in enhancing dye fluorescence. These findings deepen our understanding of plasmonics in complex liquid environments and highlight ZrN's potential as an effective alternative plasmonic material for efficient molecular energy transfer at the nanoscale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study published in Lasers in Medical Science examined the treatment of Mibelli angiokeratoma using pulsed dye laser (PDL) on 21 patients. The study, conducted at the Laser Center of Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, showed a high success rate with 95.24% of patients experiencing significant improvement or recovery after 1-3 PDL treatments. The treatment parameters and outcomes varied based on the location of the lesions, with hand lesions showing the most effective response. Adverse reactions such as purpura, pain, and edema were common but temporary. The study concluded that PDL treatment for angiokeratoma was safe, effective, and well-tolerated by patients. [Extracted from the article]

This systematic review assesses the evidence concerning laser treatments for nail psoriasis (NP), a prevalent condition among individuals with cutaneous psoriasis that notably affects their quality of life. Traditional treatments have limitations in terms of drug delivery and poor patient adherence, leading to interest in laser therapies for their targeted approach, extended treatment intervals, and the potential to enhance topical medication effectiveness. The MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. English‐language randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials with full‐text availability were included. Data on the laser type, treatment protocol, Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) outcomes, and adverse events were extracted, and nail bed and matrix features and patient satisfaction were assessed. The primary effect measure was a percentage reduction in NAPSI scores from baseline. Nineteen studies involving the pulse dye laser (PDL), long‐pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and fractional carbon dioxide laser (FCL) were identified. Lasers, particularly those used in conjunction with topical agents, have shown favorable results. PDL effectively lowered NAPSI scores, and the Nd:YAG laser had comparable effectiveness but more discomfort. FCL also shows promise, particularly for topical drug delivery. PDL and Nd:YAG laser treatment were more effective at reducing nail bed features, whereas FCL was effective at reducing both nail bed and matrix features. Overall, lasers are promising treatment alternatives for NP, with similar NAPSI outcomes to topical therapies and intralesional injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jellyfish stings can cause acute inflammatory skin lesions that may hesitate in keloids. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) represents one of the most effective treatments for newly developed keloids. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PDL on newly developed keloids specifically induced by jellyfish stings in pediatric patients.We conducted a retrospective observational study on pediatric patients with newly developed keloids from jellyfish stings, treated in the last two years with 595 nm wavelength PDL with a duration of 0.45–1.5 msec, spot-size 7 mm and fluence 8.5–9.5 J/cm2. PDL therapy was administered for a mean of 7.4 treatment sessions, every 1–3 months. Two expert dermatologists evaluated the vascularity, pigmentation, height, and pliability of keloids, according to the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), pre-and-post treatment. A total of 17 patients (7 males, 10 females) were included in the study, mean age of 11 years. Overall, mean pre-treatment global VSS was 11.0 ± 1.50. After treatment, global VSS was 3.88 ± 1.87. At paired t-test, the difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment was highly statistically significant (p < .0001). Commonly, manipulation and therapeutic intervention on jellyfish scars and keloids is feared. The present study supports the use of PDL in keloids secondary to jellyfish stings, though conducted on a limited number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: A 6‐month interval between systemic isotretinoin (ISO) and the initiation of energy‐based interventions has been recommended, due to concerns about keloid formation and delayed wound healing. While this postponement goes against the current trend of early intervention for acne scarring. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of combinations of ISO with energy‐based devices (EBD). Study Design/Methods and Materials: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched up to April 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts to select articles. The quality of the literature was assessed for each study design. Results: A total of 16 studies addressing the efficacy and safety of energy‐based modalities combined with ISO were identified, including six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two case series, seven cohort studies, and one case report. ISO combinations with intense pulsed light (IPL), fractional ablative CO2 laser, pulsed dye laser (PDL), non‐ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMRF) have been tested for improving acne severity, acne scarring and erythema. Conclusion: The current evidence does not justify delaying the use of EBDs for patients who have recently undergone or are currently receiving ISO treatment. Evidence‐based treatments such as PDL, NAFL, and FMRF etc. are suggested relatively safe and effective in treating acne and acne scarring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study has demonstrated a novel microcavity‐based flexible photon up‐conversion system using second harmonic generation (SHG) from a polar nematic fluidic medium doped with a laser dye. The idea is based on coherent light generation via stimulated emission (lasing) and simultaneous frequency doubling inside a microcavity. The polar nematic fluid equips very high even‐order optical nonlinearity due to its polar symmetry and large dipole moment along the molecular long axis. At the same time, its inherent fluidic nature allows to easily functionalize the media just by doping, in the present case, with an emissive laser dye. The demonstrated system exhibits a giant nonlinear optical response to input light, while enabling spectral narrowing and multiple‐signal output of up‐converted light, which is not attainable through the simple SH‐conversion of input light. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the liquid crystal offers dynamic modulation capabilities by an external stimulus, such as signal switching by the application of electric field or wavelength tuning through temperature variation. Such a brand‐new type of simple coherent flexible up‐conversion system must be promising as a new principle for easily accessible and down‐scalable wavelength conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among a variety of diverse host molecules distinguished by specific characteristics, the cucurbit[n]uril (CB) family stands out, being widely known for the attractive properties of its representatives along with their increasingly expanding area of applications. The presented herewith density functional theory (DFT)-based study is inspired by some recent studies exploring CBs as a key component in multifunctional hydrogels with applications in materials science, thus considering CB-assisted supramolecular polymeric hydrogels (CB-SPHs), a new class of 3D cross-linked polymer materials. The research systematically investigates the inclusion process between the most applied representative of the cavitand family CB[7] and a series of laser dye molecules as guests, as well as the possible encapsulation of a model side chain from the photoanisotropic polymer PAZO and its sodium-containing salt. The obtained results shed light on the most significant factors that play a key role in the recognition process, such as binding mode, charge, and dielectric constant of the solvent. The observed findings provide valuable insights at a molecular level for the design of dye–CB[7] systems in various environments, with potential applications in intriguing and prosperous fields like photonics and material science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Facial angiofibromas (FAs) are a dermatological characteristic which are typically linked to tuberous sclerosis (TS). Aim. We discuss our experience, highlighting a rare occurrence of multiple FAs in a young patient, successfully treated with ablative CO2 laser combined with PDL therapy. Methods. A 23‐year‐old male patient affected by TS who presents multiple erythematous and colored papules/nodules located on the face, mainly concentrated around nose, perinasal area, cheeks, and chin area, was treated with a combination of ablative CO2 laser and a pulsed dye laser. The patient underwent 3 sessions of combined treatment with CO2 and pulsed dye laser. The intralesional dye laser treatment was administered immediately after the CO2 laser session. The time interval between the combined laser treatments was approximately two months. Results. After 4 months from the last laser treatment session, most of the facial erythematous and protruding lesions had improved. Following these procedures, the patient did not experience complications or severe adverse reaction. Conclusion. The combined use of the CO2 and dye laser has been proved to be a safe and effective treatment for multiple FAs in the young patient affected by tuberous sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial redness in atopic dermatitis (AD) is often intractable due to factors like chronic inflammation, steroid-induced telangiectasia, and rosacea-like dermatitis from topical treatments. Pulsed-dye laser (PDL) effectively treats both vascular and non-vascular inflammatory conditions, but its use in adult AD is limited. This study presents three cases of refractory AD with significant facial erythema treated with PDL. Two women and one man had undergone five to thirteen PDL treatments at 3 weeks to 3-month intervals. Clinical response was evaluated using the Eczema Severity Score, which showed significant improvement after PDL treatments. Our cases explore the efficacy of PDL in treating refractory facial erythema in adult AD patients. Patients tolerated the procedures well without severe complications such as hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, or blister formation. These findings suggest that PDL effectively reduces facial redness and alleviates associated AD symptoms. PDL is expected to address both vasodilation and cutaneous inflammation as an adjunctive therapy to manage refractory facial redness in adult AD. Further cases and research are needed to fully understand PDL's immunomodulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation that commonly occurs on the face and neck. Currently, the main treatments for port wine stain are pulsed dye laser (PDL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the efficacy evaluation of PWS mostly relies on the subjective judgement of clinicians, and it is difficult to accurately respond to many small changes after treatment. Therefore, some non-invasive and efficient efficacy assessment methods are also needed. With the continuous development of technology, there are currently many visualisation instruments to evaluate PWS, including dermoscopy, VISIA-CR™ system, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Among them, there are simple and low-cost technologies such as dermoscopy and the VISIA-CR™ system, but they may not be able to observe the deeper structures of PWS. At this time, combining techniques such as HFUS and OCT to increase penetration depth is crucial to evaluate PWS. In the future, the combination of these different technologies could help overcome the limitations of a single technology. This article provides a systematic overview of non-invasive methods for evaluating treatment efficacy in port wine stains and summarises their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Pulsed dye laser (PDL) has proven effective in resolving lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) where drug therapies have failed with a lack of treatment consensus for LMDF, considering early PDL intervention is crucial to achieve resolution without scarring, prevent relapse, and enhance overall treatment outcomes. Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a rare inflammatory and granulomatous dermatologic disease that primarily affects the face. The optimal treatment for LMDF remains controversial, and there is a lack of consensus on the most effective therapy. This case report highlights the successful use of a 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of LMDF following unsuccessful drug therapy. A 28‐year‐old male presented with reddish‐brown eruptions on his face that had persisted for several months. Clinical examination revealed discrete dome‐shaped eruptions in clusters on the central area of the face. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LMDF, based on the presence of epithelioid granulomas with central caseous necrosis. Previous treatment with an oral isotretinoin and methotrexate combination also failed to yield satisfactory results. After discontinuing drug therapy, the patient underwent five sessions of PDL treatment. Ten days after the first session, the eruptions began to regress without scarring. Subsequent PDL sessions led to the complete resolution of the eruptions. The patient experienced no relapse during the follow‐up period. This case report suggests that PDL treatment may be an effective option for LMDF, particularly in cases where drug therapy has failed. Early initiation of laser treatment may prevent scarring, minimize the adverse effects associated with drug therapy, and reduce the risk of disease relapse. Further research and controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of laser therapy in the treatment of LMDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paediatric patients with hypertrophic burn scars benefit from laser treatment, but this treatment's effectiveness on burn wounds stratified by specific body region and prior burn wound therapy has not been fully evaluated. We performed a single center retrospective study of pediatric burn patients, treated with fractional CO2, with or without pulse dye, laser between 2018–2022. We identified 99 patients treated with 332 laser sessions. Median age at the time of burn injury was 4.0 years (IQR 1.7, 10.0) and 7.1 years (IQR 3.6, 12.2) at the time of first laser treatment. In the acute setting, 55.2 % were treated with dermal substrate followed by autografting, 29.6 % were treated with dermal substrate alone, and 9.1 % underwent autografting alone. Most body regions showed improvement in modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) score with laser treatment. mVSS scores improved significantly with treatment to the anterior trunk (−1.18, p = 0.01), arms (−1.14, p = 0.003), and legs (−1.17, p = 0.015). Averaging all body regions, the mVSS components of pigmentation (−0.34, p < 0.001) and vascularity (−0.47, p < 0.001), as well as total score (−0.81, p < 0.001) improved significantly. Knowing the variable effectiveness of laser treatment in pediatric burn scars is useful in counseling patients and families pre-treatment. • Burn regions appears to have different response to laser therapy based on VSS. • Anterior trunk & extremity burn scars improved significantly with laser treatment. • Hypertrophic burn scars from flame and scald burns improved with laser treatment. • Burn scar pigmentation and vascularity improved significantly with laser treatment. • Response to laser therapy differs based on prior burn wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromophores undergoing excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) feature a distinct four‐level photocycle and significant Stokes shift, which make them ideal for achieving population inversion upon photoexcitation, a fundamental prerequisite for lasing, by mitigating the concerns of self‐absorption owing to spectral overlap. This study focuses on functionalizing the hydroxyphenyl‐benzothiazole (HBT) ESIPT laser dye through the introduction of fluorene and phenyl‐carbazole moieties at the para‐position to the hydroxyl group, to demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) activities. The synthesized HBT derivatives not only exhibit high thermal and photostability, but also high photoluminescence quantum yields, exceeding 40%, which is noteworthy for ESIPT materials emitting in the yellow–orange to red color ranges. Computational analyses show that these new HBT materials possess substantially lower ESIPT energy barriers, compared to their parent HBT, facilitating their efficient ESIPT processes. Moreover, these derivatives demonstrate a high radiative rate of 1.47 × 108 s−1. Thin films of a fluorene‐substituted HBT (HBT‐pFl) show a low solid‐state amplified spontaneous emission threshold value of 3.8 µJ cm−2 at 582 nm, representing the lowest reported solid‐state ASE threshold for laser dyes in the orange emission region (575–600 nm) to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research includes studying the optical linear and nonlinear characteristics of two organic laser dyes: Nile Blue (NB), Malachite Green (MG) and their mixture at room temperature, a mixture proportions involving organic laser dye concentrations (2×10-5, 4×10-5, 6×10-5, 8×10-5) M in chloroform solvent was analyzed. Every produced sample has had its linear optical characteristics examined. Next, the UV-VIS spectra of various dye concentrations dissolved in absolute chloroform solvent have been examined. Finally, the absorption spectra of every sample have been examined. The results demonstrated that at the same wavelength, absorbance rose along with concentrations. The Z-scan technology was utilized to compute the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) for the produced samples in both open and closed aperture settings. The experiments were carried out using a solid-state laser with a diode pump that runs at 457 nm in wavelength and power of (84 mW). The results showed increasing of the nonlinear refractive index while declining nonlinear absorption coefficient for all organic laser dye samples at higher concentrations. Dyes mixture have large optical characteristics, both linear and nonlinear, in comparison to pure dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized scleroderma (LS), commonly known as morphea, presents a significant clinical challenge due to its chronic, inflammatory nature affecting the skin and potentially underlying tissues. This systematic review explores the innovative approach of combining laser therapy and injectable fillers, specifically hyaluronic acid, for the treatment of LS. We conducted a comprehensive literature review following PRISMA guidelines, examining articles from MEDLINE/PubMed to assess the combined efficacy of these treatments in improving both esthetic and functional outcomes for LS patients. The search yielded 64 articles, with six selected for in-depth analysis for a total of nine patients, covering a range of patient demographics and treatment types. Our review highlights cases where fractional CO2 laser therapy promoted long-term tissue remodeling and instances where hyaluronic acid fillers effectively addressed skin atrophy and volume loss, enhancing both immediate and long-lasting esthetic improvements. The synergy between these treatments suggests a promising dual approach, aiming to maximize esthetic outcomes and to improve the quality of life for LS patients. This review underscores the necessity of further research to establish a comprehensive, evidence-based clinical pathway integrating both treatments for managing LS, thereby enhancing patient satisfaction and addressing the multifaceted nature of this challenging dermatological condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plantar warts are common skin lesions that continue to represent a therapeutic challenge. They are still resistant to therapy and are highly recurrent, despite the diverse number of treatments available. Therapies targeting vasculature, such as pulsed dye laser, have been used successfully in the treatment of plantar warts. Polidocanol, a detergent sclerosant approved for the sclerotherapy of incompetent and dilated saphenous veins, has also been used as an off-label therapy for a wide range of skin conditions with vascular components such as hemangiomas and pyogenic granuloma. The current, open-label, prospective, pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intralesional polidocanol 3% in the treatment of plantar warts. Twenty patients (11 females and 9 males), with plantar warts, aged 12–50 years received biweekly sessions of intralesional polidocanol 3% until complete clearance or for a maximum of 6 sessions. Response to treatment was graded as complete (100% clearance), partial (50–99%), and no response (< 50%). At the end of the study, 12 (60%) patients achieved complete clearance of their warts after 1–5 sessions, 5 (25%) patients had only partial response, and 3 (15%) patients did not achieve any clearance of their warts. The procedure was largely tolerable by patients. Pain at the injection site and bruises were reported by 9 (45%) and 2 (10%) patients, respectively. Both side effects resolved spontaneously and completely within a few days. The findings of the current study suggest that intralesional injection of 3% polidocanol in biweekly sessions may be a safe, effective, and tolerable method for the treatment of plantar warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The narrowband light from a scannable, single-mode dye laser influences the electrical properties of gas discharges. The variation in these properties as the laser wavelength λ is scanned yields the optogalvanic spectrum of the discharge (i.e., electrical conductivity vs. frequency). By connecting a neon lamp, capacitor, and power supply in parallel, an undriven relaxation oscillator is formed whose natural frequency f0 is affected by neon-resonant laser light and this λ-dependence of the relaxation oscillator frequency f0 yields a variant optogalvanic spectrum (i.e., f0 vs. frequency). In this paper, a driving force is effectively applied to an otherwise undriven oscillator when the incident light is chopped periodically at fd. For fd ≈ f0 and a sufficiently large driving force amplitude (laser intensity and the degree of neon resonance), the relaxation oscillator can be entrained so that f0 is locked on fd and is independent of λ. For the new chopped-light technique described here, fd is adjusted to be the subthreshold of the entrainment range, where the λ-dependence of f0 is advantageously exaggerated by periodic pulling, and the beat frequency |fd − f0| vs. λ provides an optogalvanic spectrum with appealingly amplified signal-to-noise qualities. Beat frequency neon spectra are reported for the cases fd < f0 and fd > f0 and are compared with spectra obtained using the unchopped-light (i.e., undriven) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are common, benign vascular tumors of uncertain pathogenesis; however, a growing body of literature suggests that the formation of PGs may be secondary to genetic alterations in both the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. We present three cases of spontaneous multifocal PGs that first presented in infancy, were not associated with other vascular anomalies or discernable etiology, harbored somatic genetic variants in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway (NRAS n = 2, FGFR1 n = 1), were refractory to treatment with beta‐blockers and mTOR inhibitors, and responded best to pulsed dye laser. We propose the term “spontaneous multifocal PGs” to describe this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of cosmetic laser and light therapies, discussing different types of lasers and their specific indications for various aesthetic concerns. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions before recommending them to patients. The article also highlights the need to consider patient characteristics and treatment goals when selecting the appropriate laser parameters. It discusses the risks and potential adverse effects of laser therapy and the importance of proper regulations and safety precautions in the cosmetic industry. The text also offers tips for general practitioners when dealing with cosmetic medicine inquiries from patients and emphasizes the importance of collaboration between GPs and cosmetic practitioners. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Hypertrophic scars and keloids, common complications following median sternotomy for cardiac surgery, significantly impact patient quality of life due to their aesthetic and symptomatic burden. Recent advancements in laser therapy have made it a prominent option for managing these complex scars, yet a comprehensive understanding of its efficacy is lacking. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the effects of laser therapy in managing hypertrophic scars and keloids after median sternotomy. Methods: This scoping review analyzed studies up to February 2024 from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included any study that assessed laser therapy's effects on hypertrophic scars and keloids following median sternotomy. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria without publication year, design, or origin restrictions. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of five RCTs and one review. These studies primarily tested 585 and 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatments, focusing on scar appearance, patient symptoms, and treatment satisfaction. Most studies reported significant improvements in scar height reduction and patient symptom relief after treatment, with mixed results for scar erythema and elasticity. Adverse events were generally mild and transient. Conclusions: Laser therapy offers a beneficial approach for improving the appearance and symptoms of hypertrophic scars and keloids post-median sternotomy. However, further research is necessary to optimize treatment parameters and explore the long-term psychosocial impacts of this therapy. This review highlights the need for more comprehensive studies to establish standardized treatment protocols and evaluate their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is a fundamental principle of laser dyes. ASE indicates the spectral variation of the optical gain of a laser dye. Analyzing the spectral distribution of ASE is important for designing lasers. We demonstrate ASE investigations on planar waveguides made of a (co-)polymer. Similar to organic DFB (distributed feedback) lasers, a line grating allows a partial decoupling of the guided radiation. This decoupled radiation is detected as an indicator of the guided radiation. The diffraction of the radiation is utilized to perform a spectrally selective investigation of the ASE by spatially splitting it. This analysis method reduces the influence of isotropic photoluminescence and allows ASE to be analyzed across its entire spectrum. We were able to observe ASE in F8BT over a range from λ A S E , m i n = 530 nm to λ A S E , m a x = 570 nm and determine ASE threshold power densities lower than E A S E < 2.57 μJ/cm2. The study of the power density of the ASE threshold is performed spectrally selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulsed‐dye lasers (PDL) are one of the standard therapies for rosacea, but alternatives are needed. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of the variable‐sequenced, large‐spot 532 nm KTP laser to the 595 nm PDL in treating rosacea. Materials and Methods: A prospective, controlled, evaluator‐blinded study. Patients were treated with either a KTP or PDL with 1–3 sessions at intervals of 6–8 weeks. A follow‐up visit was scheduled on Week 6 post‐treatment. Clinical outcome was assessed by computer‐assisted analysis and by patients and two blinded dermatologists. Pain intensity during treatment and adverse events were documented. Results: Forty‐five patients (mean age 51 years) were allocated in a 2:1 ratio to either the KTP or PDL. Erythema in both treatment arms decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Clinical evaluation revealed high improvement. Mean pain intensity was significantly lower with the KTP (2.5/10) than with the PDL (4.1/10). Both lasers showed a good safety profile. Relevant purpura was only seen in the PDL group. Conclusions: Both the variable‐sequenced, large‐spot KTP and the PDL demonstrated comparable efficacy in treatment of rosacea. Regarding safety, the KTP exhibited fewer post‐treatment reactions. The KTP might serve as a potential alternative to PDL in the treatment of rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telangiectasias are the most frequent type of sequelae of infantile hemangiomas after involution. Few studies have reported the treatment of telangiectasias with 595-nm pulsed dye lasers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a 595-nm pulsed dye laser for treating residual telangiectasias following hemangioma involution. This is a retrospective case series that analyzes the medical records and reviews the charts of 22 patients who had undergone 595-nm pulsed dye laser treatment for residual telangiectasias. Pre- and post-treatment digital images were independently assessed, and the changes were scored to ascertain the efficacy of the treatment (0 = no change, 4 = complete improvement). Of the 22 patients, 59.1% experienced complete resolution of telangiectasias following treatment. No serious complications or side effects were reported. The observations indicate that the 595-nm pulsed dye laser is effective and safe for treating residual telangiectasias following hemangioma involution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concise and efficient synthetic protocol for the synthesis of furan-based bis-stilbene derivatives (BPBFCz1) was described, which is a very promising organic laser dye. Starting with 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl, BPBFCz1 was prepared with a total yield of 40% through a three-step classical reaction of Sonogashira Coupling, intramolecular cyclization of 2-alkynyl phenol, and Buchwald Hartwig cross-coupling. The crystal structure of BPBFCz1 was presented for the first time. The synthesis strategy was applied to the synthesis of other three materials with similar structure and the yields of 28.6–36.6% were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous clinical studies have shown that pulsed dye laser (PDL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) are effective for treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea(ETR). This article aims to compare the efficacy and safety of PDL and IPL at three different wavelength bands (broad-band, single-narrow-band, and dual-narrow-band) in treating ETR. Sixty subjects with ETR were randomly categorized into four groups and received one of the following laser treatments: PDL (595 nm), IPL with Delicate Pulse Light (DPL, 500–600 nm), IPL with M22 590 (590–1200 nm), or IPL with M22 vascular filter (530–650 nm and 900–1200 nm). Four treatment sessions were administered at 4-week intervals, with one follow-up session 4 weeks after the final treatment. The efficacy of the four lasers was evaluated by comparing the clinical symptom score, total effective rate, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score before and after treatment. The safety was evaluated by comparing adverse reactions such as pain, purpura, erythematous edema, and blister. All 60 subjects completed the study. Within-group effects showed that the clinical symptom score, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score of all four groups were significantly reduced compared to before treatment (p < 0.001). Between-group effects showed no statistically significant difference among the four laser groups. Safety analysis showed that all four lasers were safe, but the incidence of blister was higher in the M22 vascular group. Nonpurpurogenic PDL, DPL, M22 590, and M22 vascular were equally effective in treating ETR and were well-tolerated. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05360251. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid‐crystal random lasers (LCRLs) represent a burgeoning field in soft‐matter photonics, holding promise for ushering in an era of ultrathin, versatile laser sources. Such lasers encompass a multitude of remarkable features, including wide‐band tunability, large coherence area and, in some cases, multidirectional emission. In this paper, an LCRL is developed by doping a laser dye, pyrromethene 597 (PM597), into cholesteric LC, but achieving a wide‐range wavelength‐controllable (560–720 nm) bandgap lasing through voltage control. Bandgap lasing intriguingly occurs in media with extremely low dye gain, which is mainly contributed by the extremely high photon density of states (DOS) at the edge of the LC bandgap. In addition, the utilization rate of the fluorescence spectrum (550–750 nm) of laser dye PM597 is as high as 80%. The multivariate linear regression model is used to characterize the inherent relationship between the lasing intensity emitted by LC and the photon DOS, fluorescence quantum yield, and internal scattering under specific pumping energy. This model shows the potential to predict the critical conditions of laser emission accurately and provides the capability to design and fabricate large‐scale multifunctional responsive photonic crystals using a simple fabrication procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) are currently the first‐line treatment of port‐wine birthmarks (PWB). Due to high maintenance costs and instable technology, alternative methods are needed. Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes of a variable‐sequenced, long‐pulsed 532‐nm potassium titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser and PDL on treating PWB. Methods: A prospective, randomized, split‐side study. Patients were treated with a KTP laser and PDL with 1 to 5 sessions at intervals of 6–8 weeks. A follow‐up visit was scheduled 6 weeks post‐treatment. Efficacy was evaluated through colorimetric analysis, area reduction measurements and clinical evaluations by two blinded investigators based on photo documentation. Subjects provided rating of pain intensity during treatment, post‐treatment reactions and satisfaction. Safety was measured by adverse events. Maintenance issues of the laser systems were documented. Results: A total of 35 patients (mean age 42.1 years) were enrolled. 63% were female. Patients received 2.4 (SD 1.4; 1–5) treatment sessions. Colorimetric analysis indicated a comparable clearance effect in PWB of both KTP laser and PDL. Independent investigators rated clinical appearance to be significantly improved compared to baseline. No significant difference was observed between both laser systems. Regarding post‐treatment reactions, the KTP laser caused less swelling, purpura and crusts. 96% would recommend both treatment modalities. Patients were satisfied with both laser systems. During the study, PDL systems malfunctioned for 6.6 months in total. For the KTP laser, we did not observe any system failures. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the KTP laser of the latest generation with large‐spot sizes, subpulse technology and cryogen cooling has a comparable efficacy to the PDL in treating PWB. In addition, KTP laser is associated with greater tolerability, fewer technical failures and lower repair costs. Further prospective studies are required to determine the true effectiveness of the KTP laser in PWB treatment. This study was preregistered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05771298). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease associated with various sequelae after skin lesion remission. Acne erythema has been considered simple erythema or a vascular lesion; however, because the understanding of this disease has improved, acne erythema is currently considered an early scar with erythematous components. Aims: This study evaluated the efficacy of using both a 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) and 1565‐nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) for the treatment of erythematous scars caused by acne. Methods: Ninety patients with acne scars were equally randomized to two groups. Group A (n = 45) received treatment with the NAFL. Group B (n = 45) received treatment with the PDL and NAFL. Each patient underwent one treatment session and 4 weeks of follow‐up. Results: Qualitative (χ2 = 12.415; p < 0.05) and quantitative (t = 2.675; p < 0.05) scores of Groups A and B were determined using a global scarring grading system and exhibited statistically significant differences. The quantitative score of Group A was higher than that of Group B (6.67 ± 3.46 vs. 4.98 ± 2.44). The erythema areas of the groups differed significantly after treatment, with Group B exhibiting more notable score improvements (5.00 [3.10, 7.10] vs. 2.80 [1.65, 4.60]; Z = 3.072; p < 0.05). The erythema regression rate of Group B (88.9%) was significantly higher than that of Group A (66.7%) (χ2 = 20.295; p < 0.001). Adverse events, including redness and swelling (86.6%), scabbing (78.8%), and purpura (36.6%), occurred within 7 days for 86.6% of patients. Conclusions: The combined use of the PDL and NAFL is safe and effective for erythematous acne scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT We report five cases of spider angiomas in children treated topically with timolol 0.5% (ophthalmic solution or gel‐forming solution), for 6 months. Parents and patients were advised to apply one drop twice daily. Four of them showed either partial (2) or complete response (2) and only one patient had no clinical change. No adverse effects were reported. This pilot case series shows that topical timolol may prove useful as a noninvasive, available and well‐tolerated treatment option for spider angiomas in children who seek a treatment alternative to pulsed dye laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a rare condition called cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV), which is characterized by the gradual onset of widespread telangiectasias (dilated blood vessels). The condition primarily affects middle-aged females, but there have been only three documented cases in pediatric patients. The article presents a fourth case of pediatric CCV and reviews the features that distinguish it from other similar presentations of telangiectasias. The diagnosis of CCV relies on histology with collagen-specific immunostaining. The etiology of CCV is unclear, but it is postulated that genetic anomalies, underlying systemic diseases, and pharmacologic triggers may play a role. The treatment for CCV is primarily cosmetic, with options such as pulsed dye laser or optimized pulsed light. Further studies are needed to evaluate treatment in both adult and pediatric populations. [Extracted from the article]

Fluorescence-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy (fMES) promises high sensitivity compared to conventional approaches and is an emerging spectroscopic approach toward combining the advantages of MES with the spatial resolution of a microscope. Here, we present a visible white light continuum-based fMES spectrometer and systematically explore the sensitivity enhancement expected from fluorescence detection. As a demonstration of sensitivity, we report room temperature two-dimensional coherence maps of vibrational quantum coherences in a laser dye at optical densities of ∼2–3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional approaches. This high sensitivity is enabled by a combination of biased sampling along the optical coherence time axes and a rapid scan of the pump–probe waiting time T at each sample. A combination of this approach with acousto-optic phase modulation and phase-sensitive lock-in detection enables measurements of room temperature vibrational wavepackets even at the lowest ODs. Alternative faster data collection schemes, which are enabled by the flexibility of choosing a non-uniform undersampled grid in the continuous T scanning approach, are also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced organoboron dyes, incorporating tetra‐boron difluoride (tetra‐BF2) moieties, are developed, demonstrating efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emissions in the green to orange regions through direct ion annihilation. By introducing diverse alkyl modifications in the molecules, luminescence color tuning is achieved via alterations in conjugation and bending angle. A photoluminescence quantum yield of 100% in dilute solutions is successfully achieved. Notably, the introduction of alkyl groups to the methine side stabilizes the radical ionic state, resulting in a high ECL efficiency of 74% through an efficient radical‐ion annihilation pathway. The key factor is that the energy of the annihilation reaction exceeds the S1 energy required for luminescence. Spin density calculations further elucidate the substituent effects on the radical ions of complexes. Moreover, the lasing properties of these materials in the solution‐processed blend films are investigated, revealing a low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold (Eth) of 6.40 ± 0.24 µJ cm−2, which is notably lower among organic laser materials. This is attributed to their large Stokes shifts and high quantum yield. The excellent ECL and ASE performances establish these materials as a valuable addition to the existing library of organoboron dyes, offering fresh insights into the development of organic solid‐state lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key issue in the development of theory and models for plasma propulsion devices is to describe the instabilities and fluctuations of the devices. It has been widely recognized that many Hall effect thrusters (HETs) exhibit oscillations at frequencies in the range of ∼ 20 kHz. These ionization-related oscillations are generally referred to as Breathing Mode oscillations and have been the subject of considerable research. Here, for the first time, we report direct temporally resolved measurements of the ground state neutral density variation during the period of the oscillation. We used the laser-based Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) technique to measure neutrals within the plume of a 1.5 kW HET operating on krypton (Kr). Our TALIF scheme employs a frequency-doubled, pulsed dye laser operating at ∼ 212 nm to probe ground state Kr atoms. A novel phase-binning approach is used to recover the time-dependent signal by assigning the timing of each collected TALIF signal (laser shot) relative to the phase of the discharge current. We find that the neutral density fluctuates quite strongly over the period of the oscillation, and that this fluctuation leads the current fluctuation as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed dye lasers are used effectively in the treatment of psoriasis with long remission time and limited side effects. It is, however, not completely understood which biological processes underlie its favorable outcome. Pulsed dye laser treatment at 585-595 nm targets hemoglobin in the blood, inducing local hyperthermia in surrounding blood vessels and adjacent tissues. While the impact of destructive temperatures on blood vessels has been well studied, the effects of lower temperatures on the function of several cell types within the blood vessel wall and its periphery are not known. The aim of our study is to assess the functionality of isolated blood vessels after exposure to moderate hyperthermia (45 to 60°C) by evaluating the function of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and vascular nerves. We measured blood vessel functionality of rat mesenteric arteries (n=19) by measuring vascular contraction and relaxation before and after heating vessels in a wire myograph. To this end, we elicited vascular contraction by addition of either high potassium solution or the thromboxane analogue U46619 to stimulate smooth muscle cells, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) to stimulate nerves. For measurement of endothelium-dependent relaxation, we used methacholine. Each vessel was exposed to one temperature in the range of 45-60°C for 30 seconds and a relative change in functional response after hyperthermia was determined by comparison with the response per stimulus before heating. Non-linear regression was used to fit our dataset to obtain the temperature needed to reduce blood vessel function by 50% (Half maximal effective temperature, ET50). Our findings demonstrate a substantial decrease in relative functional response for all three cell types following exposure to 55°C-60°C. There was no significant difference between the ET50 values of the different cell types, which was between 55.9°C and 56.9°C (P>0.05). Our data show that blood vessel functionality decreases significantly when exposed to temperatures between 55°C-60°C for 30 seconds. The results show functionality of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and vascular nerves is similarly impaired. These results help to understand the biological effects of hyperthermia and may aid in tailoring laser and light strategies for selective photothermolysis that contribute to disease modification of psoriasis after pulsed dye laser treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthoma disseminatum is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis with limited treatment options due to its unknown aetiology and diffuse skin lesions. This case report presents the successful treatment of a 31‐year‐old male with severe pan‐facial xanthoma disseminatum lesions following a facial burn and traumatic brain injury resulting from a car accident. After 5 sessions of monthly pulsed dye laser treatment, there was a clinically significant reduction in the lesions. Over the course of 3 years, the patient underwent a series of monthly pulsed dye laser treatments, and the lesions were almost cleared. These findings suggest that pulsed dye laser therapy may offer an effective treatment option for managing xanthoma disseminatum. This is the first report on use of the pulsed dye laser for treatment of xanthoma disseminatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead in any food is harmful even at low concentrations. In this study, a direct and highly sensitive lead analysis technique was developed for wheat flour using laser-induced fluorescence combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Wheat flour was pressed into small pellets and ablated by a low-energy ultraviolet 266-nm laser. A tunable dye laser constructed in our laboratory was used to resonantly excite the lead. The optimized interpulse time delay was 400 ns. A calibration curve was constructed and the detection limit for lead was 73.8 ppb. This method could be used to directly and sensitively analyze wheat flour for trace concentrations of lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comedone extraction provides greater satisfaction for acne treatment than conventional treatment alone; however, post‐comedone extraction erythema (PCEE) remains a concern for patients. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) in PCEE and comedone reduction. Methods: Mild‐to‐moderate acne patients were randomly allocated in split‐face fashion. Three comedones were extracted on each facial side. On the PDL‐treated side, 595‐nm PDL was delivered to the entire side with an additional shot on three comedone‐extracted sites. Erythema index (EI) and total acne lesion counts (TALC) were evaluated at baseline, week 2 and 4. The comprehensive acne severity scale (CASS) was assessed by three blinded independent pediatric dermatologists. Participant satisfaction surveys were completed at the end of the study. Results: Thirty‐five participants (age 12.9–24.2 years) showed no differences in the EI and TALC at baseline on both sides. At weeks 2 and 4, the EI on the PDL‐treated side was significantly lower (p < 0.001) with a greater EI reduction (p < 0.001) when compared to the control side regardless of gender and menstruation. There was significantly lower TALC on the PDL‐treated side at week 2 (p < 0.001) and week 4 (p = 0.02). No complications were noted with high participant satisfaction reported (median 8; IQR 7–9). PDL remained significantly associated with EI improvements after controlling for gender, menstruation cycle, and examination stress. Conclusion: PDL can be an adjunctive intervention for the treatment of PCEE and comedone reduction due to its effectiveness and high participant satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of laser treatment on disperse dye-uptake and fastness values of polyester fabrics. Furthermore, it was aimed to evaluate colors directly over the photos of fabric samples instead of color measuring with spectrophotometer which is thought to be useful in terms of online digital color assessment. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, 100% polyester (150 denier) single jersey knitted fabrics (weight: 145 g/m2, course density: 15 loops/cm, wale density: 24 loops/cm) were used in the trials. The effect of laser treatments before and after dyeing on color was investigated. Laser treatments were applied to fabrics at different resolutions (20, 25 and 30 dpi) and pixel times (60, 80 and 100 µs) before dyeing. The power of the laser beam was 210 W and the wavelength was 10.6 µm. In order to determine the effect of laser treatment on polyester; FTIR analysis, SEM-EDX analysis and bursting strength tests were applied to untreated and treated fabric samples. Findings: It was found that treatments with laser have a significant effect on disperse dye-uptake of polyester fibers, and for this reason laser-treated fabrics were dyed in darker shade. Furthermore, it was determined that the samples treated at 30 dpi started to melt and the fabric was damaged considerably, but the fabrics treated at 20 and 25 dpi were not affected at all. Another result obtained regarding the use of laser technology in polyester fabrics is that if some areas of fabrics are not treated with laser and some other areas are treated with laser at 20 dpi 60 µs and 25 dpi 60 µs, it will be possible to obtain patterns containing three different shades of the same color on the fabric. Originality/value: When the literature is examined, it is seen that there are various studies on the dyeability and patterning of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes by laser technology. As it is known, today color measurement is done digitally using a spectrophotometer. However, when we look at a photograph on computer screens, the colors we see are defined by RGB (red-green-blue) values, while in the spectrophotometer they are defined by L*a*b* (L*: lightness-darkness, a*: redness-greenness, b*: yellowness-blueness) values. Especially when it is desired to produce various design products by creating patterns with laser technology, it would be more useful to show the color directly to the customer on the computer screen and to be able to speak over the same values on the color. For this reason, in this study, the color measurement of the fabric samples was not made with a spectrophotometer, instead, the RGB values obtained from the photographs of the samples were converted into L*a*b* values with MATLAB and interpreted, that is, a digital color evaluation was made on the photographs. Therefore, it is believed that this study will contribute to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The mainstay of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) on thin skin remains surgical, but procedures on older hands may be complicated by skin fragility and dermal atrophy. Used without cooling, 595 nm (nm) pulsed dye laser (PDL) has the capability of destroying NMSC through nonspecific thermal necrosis. The purpose of this study was to understand recurrence of NMSC on dorsal hands of older patients after one or two treatments using 595 nm PDL. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 147 cases of NMSC located on the dorsal hands treated with 595 nm PDL. Cases of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were included. All patients received one to two treatments with PDL. The primary outcome was the recurrence of carcinoma. Results: Among NMSC cases treated with PDL, recurrence occurred in 12 patients (8.2%). No cases of BCC recurred during the study period. Recurrence of SCC was 4.7% for SCC in situ and 10.4% recurrence for invasive SCC (p = 0.34). Among 71 patients treated once, recurrence occurred in 10 patients (14.1%), and among 76 cases treated twice, recurrence occurred in 2 patients (2.6%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Two treatments of PDL for NMSC on the dorsal hands of older patients was well tolerated, had low recurrence, and seemed more effective than one treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. The lifetime risk is estimated as 33% to 39% in white men and 23% to 28% in white women. Because of that it is a very crucial disease for public health. In this article will be described main pathways of treatment which are especially recommended and are the most wide used for different types of basal cell carcinoma. Main division of interventions type used in treatment of basal cell carcinoma are surgical (physical) and non-surgical (medical). Surgical (physical) includes surgical standard excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, curettage and cautery, cryosurgery and laser therapy (ablative lasers, pulsed dye lasers). Non-surgical (medical) includes radiotherapy, topical imiquimod, topical 5-fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, intralesional interferon. Aim of study: Literature review of the most recommended treatment of basal cell carcinoma. State of knowledge: In this publication will be desribed a current state of knowledge about basic and the most crucial basal cell carcinoma treatment. Conclusion: Because of incidence rate of basal cell carcinoma which is very high-there are many reports about treatment of this disease. Treatment of this disease, especially among low risk patients, is very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of fractional ablative CO2 laser-assisted delivery of topical PLLA in cosmetic dermatology. The study found that there were no adverse events among the 71 treatments administered, and subcutaneous papules and nodules, which are commonly reported adverse events with injected PLLA, were not seen in this study. The study highlights the safety and effectiveness of this treatment modality for various skin types and indications. The article also provides a solution for improving the documentation of cosmetic dermatology care through the use of a standardized photo template. This template helps minimize errors and ensures consistent and high-quality photographs for better patient care and evaluation of treatment outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Objective was to determine the optimal timing for initiating laser treatment following thyroidectomy. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 91 patients undergoing pulsed dye laser treatment post-thyroidectomy, grouping them by treatment initiation timing. The patients underwent treatment at intervals of 3– 4 weeks with at least five sessions. Those with a high pliability score were injected with intralesional corticosteroids. The Antera 3D® skin imaging analyzer was used to assess biophysical parameters. Results: The total Vancouver Scar Scale score significantly reduced after treatment in all groups. The Vancouver Scar Scale score reduction rate was significantly higher after treatment in the group for which the treatment was initiated within 3 weeks of surgery. The pigmentation and erythema score analyzed by Antera 3D® was also lower in this group. Conclusion: Early intervention using a pulsed dye laser within 3 weeks of thyroidectomy can substantially inhibit pathological scar development, providing physicians with a guide for optimal treatment commencement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare condition associated with a GNAQ gene mutation, which affects neural crest cells. A pulsed dye laser (PDL) is a first-line therapy for SWS, but its outcomes are worse than those in patients with port-wine stains (PWS). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic option for PWS. However, its use for PWS associated with SWS has rarely been studied. Aims To investigate the therapeutic and adverse effects of photodynamic therapy in treating SWS–associated PWS. Methods Patients with SWS and matched patients with large size facial PWS were included in this study. Both colorimetric assessment and visual evaluation were conducted to evaluate patients' responses to treatment. Results Colorimetric assessment (blanching rate) and visual evaluation (scores of colour improvement) showed that after two PDT treatments, the SWS and PWS groups had similar treatment responses (21.2% vs. 29.8%; 3.39 vs. 3.65; P = 0.18, P = 0.37). However, there was a significant difference in efficacy between patients with SWS with and without a treatment history (12.4 and 34.9%, respectively; P = 0.02), as well as between patients with lesions located on the central and lateral faces (18.5 and 36.8%, respectively; P = 0.01). Both the SWS and PWS groups experienced minor adverse effects, and the frequency of these effects was not significantly different between the two groups. Limitation The study was limited by a small sample size and the possibility of later onset of glaucoma. In addition, false-negative magnetic resonance imaging screening results for SWS could not be ruled out due to the young age of some participants. Conclusion Photodynamic therapy is a safe and effective therapeutic option for SWS–associated PWS. Patients without a treatment history, and lesions on the lateral face, responded well, demonstrating good efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lidar observations of metal layers play a significant role in research on the chemistry and dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. This work reports on Fe lidar observations conducted in Beijing and Mohe. Utilizing the same laser emission system, a 1064 nm seed laser was injected into an Nd: YAG laser to generate a single longitudinal-mode pulse 532 nm laser, which pumped a dye laser to produce a 572 nm laser. The 572 nm laser and the remaining 1064 nm fundamental frequency laser passed through a sum–frequency module to generate a 372 nm laser to detect the Fe layer. According to a total of 52.6 h of observations for 10 nights in Beijing, the Fe layer has an average column density of 1.24 × 1010 cm−2, an RMS width of 4.4 km and a centroid altitude of 89.4 km. In Mohe, observed for 16 nights and a total of 91.5 h, the Fe layer has an average column density of 1.08 × 1010 cm−2, an RMS width of 4.6 km and a centroid altitude of 89.5 km. The probability of the occurrence of sporadic Fe layers was 42.4% in Beijing and 29.4% in Mohe. Compared to simultaneously observed Na layers, the occurrence probabilities of sporadic Fe layers were higher than those of sporadic Na layers in both stations. Based on the two cases observed in Beijing, it is conjectured that the formation mechanism of sporadic metal layers above approximately 100 km has a more significant influence on sporadic Fe layers than on sporadic Na layers. The lower thermospheric Fe layers with densities significantly larger than those of the main layer were observed during two nights in Mohe. This work contributes to the refinement of the global distribution of Fe layers and provides abundant observational data for the modeling and study of the metal layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical properties of Malachite green (Mg) dye were examined experimentally, including absorption, optical energy gab, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity and emission spectra in various solvents. Additionally, several significant photophysical parameters were evaluated, including the extinction coefficient (ε), the energy yield of fluorescence (Ef), the length of attenuation Λ (λ), oscillator strength (f), quantum yield (Øf), fluorescence lifetime ( τ f ), decay rate radiative constant (kr), and the dipole moment (μ) in addition to absorption and emission cross-sections (σa) and (σe) respectively. Time Dependent Density function theory (TD-DFT) computations were used to generate the theoretical absorption spectra of the (Mg) compound. The energy gap (Eg), electron density, and electrostatic potential were also simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birthmarks in newborns can be classified as vascular, melanocytic or pigmented, or markers of underlying developmental abnormalities of the nervous system. A nevus simplex is a benign capillary malformation. Newborns with a nevus flammeus can be safely treated before one year of age with a pulsed dye laser to reduce the visibility of lesions. Infantile hemangiomas should be treated with systemic beta blockers if there is a risk of life-threatening complications, functional impairment, ulceration, underlying abnormalities, permanent scarring, or alteration of anatomic landmarks. Dermal melanocytosis is a benign finding that is easily recognized and does not warrant further evaluation. A solitary congenital melanocytic nevus that is less than 20 cm in diameter may be observed in primary care; children with larger or multiple nevi should be referred to pediatric dermatology due to the risk of melanoma. Newborns with skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism (other than a simple, solitary dimple) should have lumbar spine imaging using ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. (Am Fam Physician. 2024; 109(3):217–221. Copyright © 2024 American Academy of Family Physicians.) Birthmarks in newborns can be classified as vascular, melanocytic or pigmented, or markers of underlying developmental abnormalities of the nervous system. A nevus simplex is a benign capillary malformation. Newborns with a nevus flammeus can be safely treated before one year of age with a pulsed dye laser to reduce the visibility of lesions. Infantile hemangiomas should be treated with systemic beta blockers if there is a risk of life-threatening complications, functional impairment, ulceration, underlying abnormalities, permanent scarring, or alteration of anatomic landmarks. Dermal melanocytosis is a benign finding that is easily recognized and does not warrant further evaluation. A solitary congenital melanocytic nevus that is less than 20 cm in diameter may be observed in primary care; children with larger or multiple nevi should be referred to pediatric dermatology due to the risk of melanoma. Newborns with skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism (other than a simple, solitary dimple) should have lumbar spine imaging using ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, most burn models for preclinical testing are on animals. For obvious ethical, anatomical, and physiological reasons, these models could be replaced with optimized ex vivo systems. The creation of a burn model on human skin using a pulsed dye laser could represent a relevant model for preclinical research. Six samples of excess human abdominal skin were obtained within one hour after surgery. Burn injuries were induced on small samples of cleaned skin using a pulsed dye laser on skin samples, at varying fluences, pulse numbers and illumination duration. In total, 70 burn injuries were performed on skin ex vivo before being histologically and dermato-pathologically analyzed. Irradiated burned skin samples were classified with a specified code representing burn degrees. Then, a selection of samples was inspected after 14 and 21 days to assess their capacity to heal spontaneously and re-epithelize. We determined the parameters of a pulsed dye laser inducing first, second, and third degree burns on human skin and with fixed parameters, especially superficial and deep second degree burns. After 21 days with the ex vivo model, neo-epidermis was formed. Our results showed that this simple, rapid, user-independent process creates reproducible and uniform burns of different, predictable degrees that are close to clinical reality. Human skin ex vivo models can be an alternative to and complete animal experimentation, particularly for preclinical large screening. This model could be used to foster the testing of new treatments on standardized degrees of burn injuries and thus improve therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]