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Background: Intracranial chondroid tumors are consist of less than 0.16% of all primary brain neoplasms. They are classified as mesenchymal, classic and myxoid according to their cytoarchitecture. They usually arise at the skull base from the cartilaginous synchondroses and the pluripotent mesenchymal cells of the overlying dura mater. Case: We present a 22-year old female patient, who had history of seizures for 10 years and recent increase in the frequency of the seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-demarcated, parasagittal left frontal mass, which compressed to the lateral ventricle. It was hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted images and making an edema on the surrounding tissue. Gross total resection of the firm mass was performed with clear margins. The tumor was composed of lobules of mature-appearing hyaline cartilage. The tumor cellularity was increased, each lacuna contained one or two atypical chondrocytes which had two or more nuclei per cell. Neoplastic chondrocytes had plump and hyperchromatic nuclei. Mitotic rate was low and no atypical mitotic figures were noted. Neoplastic chondrocytes showed nuclear staining for S-100 protein, but not for pancytokeratin. Histopathologic examination revealed a classic low grade chondrosarcoma. Conclusion: Intracranial chondrosarcomas are rare malign tumors. We report a patient with a grade I intracranial chondrosarcoma of the classical subtype without any neurologic problem after complete surgical excision. She did not received any adjuvant therapy and 28 months follow-up showed no recurrence. So it seems that, especially in the low grade chondrosarcoma, radical neurosurgical resection is the first line of treatment, and if necessary adjuvant therapy can be planned.

We report an unusual condition, "tumor in tumor", in a 66-year-old woman who presented with a swelling in her left axillary region for a period of one month. Metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast was shown in axillary lymph nodes which were involved by nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Since sentinel lymph node biopsy has been performed increasingly in cases without palpable axillary lymph nodes, the probability of synchronous malignancies, especially lymphomas, should be kept in mind since identifying coincident tumors is important for proper treatment. The differential diagnosis of low grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas from non-neoplastic reactive lymphoid proliferations may be really challenging. Therefore systematic clinical examination as well as detailed histological and immunohistochemical evaluation is mandatory.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of prebiopsy T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and the combination of these magnetic resonance (MR) techniques (T2WI+DWI) in the detection and localization of peripheral zone prostate cancer.

Our aim was to investigate the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bid), apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation index (PI) in germinal center B-cell-like immunophenotypic profile (GCB) and non-GCB of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and Methods: The methylation status of the promoter region of O-6-methylguanine-DNA yerine O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene and its relation with immunophenotypic differentiation of DLBCLs were also investigated. 101 cases were classified as GCB (29 cases) or non-GCB (72 cases). Apoptosis-associated proteins and PI were determined by IHC, and TUNEL method was used to determine AI. MGMT methylation analysis was performed by real-time PCR. Results: The PI was significantly higher in GCB compared with non-GCB (p=0.011). Percentage of cells stained with bcl-6 was positively correlated with the percentage of cells expressing bcl-2 (p=0.023), AI (p=0.006) and PI (p

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is a rare malignancy and present with almost equal frequency either as a primary or a secondary disease. Survival is poor in most cases of secondary breast lymphoma because of their advanced stage. We report a 35-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea as well as swelling, tenderness, and ruddiness in the left breast with non-cyclic pain for several months and maculopapular skin eruption in the same breast. Physical examination revealed fixed lymphadenopathies in both axillary regions. Radiologic evaluations (bilateral mammaograpy and ultrasonography) showed skin thickening in the left breast, asymmetrical densities in both breasts, and confirmed lymphadenopathies in the axillary regions. Excisional biopsies were performed to the left axillary lymph nodes and the breast skin eruptions. The histologic and immunohistochemical features were diagnosed as an ALK (-) anaplastic large cell lymphoma. A Computed Tomography examination was performed for staging the lymphoma and then chemotherapy was started. Thirty months after the diagnosis, the patient is still alive with disease. Because of the presence of systemic symptoms such as skin involvement and generalized lymphadenopathies (mediastinal, axillary or cervical), T cell lymphoma cases with breast involvement could mimic the clinical presentation of inflammatory breast carcinoma. Pathologic examination is needed for the correct diagnosis.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is a rare malignancy and present with almost equal frequency either as a primary or a secondary disease. Survival is poor in most cases of secondary breast lymphoma because of their advanced stage. We report a 35-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea as well as swelling, tenderness, and ruddiness in the left breast with non-cyclic pain for several months and maculopapular skin eruption in the same breast. Physical examination revealed fixed lymphadenopathies in both axillary regions. Radiologic evaluations (bilateral mammaograpy and ultrasonography) showed skin thickening in the left breast, asymmetrical densities in both breasts, and confirmed lymphadenopathies in the axillary regions. Excisional biopsies were performed to the left axillary lymph nodes and the breast skin eruptions. The histologic and immunohistochemical features were diagnosed as an ALK (-) anaplastic large cell lymphoma. A Computed Tomography examination was performed for staging the lymphoma and then chemotherapy was started. Thirty months after the diagnosis, the patient is still alive with disease. Because of the presence of systemic symptoms such as skin involvement and generalized lymphadenopathies (mediastinal, axillary or cervical), T cell lymphoma cases with breast involvement could mimic the clinical presentation of inflammatory breast carcinoma. Pathologic examination is needed for the correct diagnosis.

A 54-year-old woman was referred to us for investigation of recurrent episodes of melena. Gastroduodenal endoscopic examination revealed a hemorrhagic, polypoid tumor, about 3 cm in diameter, in the posterior wall of the gastric antrum, near the greater curvature. The lesion had a smooth surface with ulceration, and was fixed to the sublying planes. The source of the bleeding was the mucosa overlying the tumor. We performed a distal subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed an ectopic pancreas and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor contiguous to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the gastric antrum. The patient was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course and has not experienced any recurrence of symptoms since.

This study is designed to determine the placental zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) levels in mothers who were smokers, mothers who were thought to be exposed to air pollution, and mothers who were non-smokers and to investigate the relationship between the expression of placental metallothionein (MT) binding these metals and blood progesterone level. Placental Zn and Cd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Presence of placental MT was determined immunohistochemically. Placental changes were examined by light microscope after H&E and PAS staining. Immunohistochemical MT staining of syncytiotrophoblastic and villous interstitial cells were scored as positive or negative. Among the 92 mothers included in the study, 33 were smokers (Group I), 29 had been exposed to air pollution (Group II) and 30 were non-smoker rural residents who had never been exposed to air pollution (Group III). Mean off-spring birth weight of 3198.62+/-380.01 g and mean placenta weight of 561.38+/-111.55 g of Group II were lower when compared with those of other two groups. In Group I, mean placental Cd and Zn were 0.063+/-0.022 microg/g and 39.84+/-15.5 microg/g, respectively, being higher than in other groups. In Group II, mean placental Cd and Zn levels were higher than those of Group III. Blood progesterone levels of subjects in Group I (121 ng/ml) were the lowest of all groups. While the mean count of villi was the highest in Group III; the highest mean count of syncytial knots was in Group II. Thickening of vasculo-syncytial membrane was most prominent in Group I. Similarly, MT staining was positive and very dense in 72.7% (24/33) of cases in Group I (p

This study is designed to determine the placental zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) levels in mothers who were smokers, mothers who were thought to be exposed to air pollution, and mothers who were non-smokers and to investigate the relationship between the expression of placental metallothionein (MT) binding these metals and blood progesterone level. Placental Zn and Cd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Presence of placental MT was determined immunohistochemically. Placental changes were examined by light microscope after H&E and PAS staining. Immunohistochernical MT staining of syncytiotrophoblastic and villous interstitial cells were scored as positive or negative. Among the 92 mothers included in the study, 33 were smokers (Group 1), 29 had been exposed to air pollution (Group 11) and 30 were non-smoker rural residents who had never been exposed to air pollution (Group 111). Mean off-spring birth weight of 3198.62 +/- 380.01 g and mean placenta weight of 561.38 +/- 111.55 g of Group 11 were lower when compared with those of other two groups. In Group 1, mean placental Cd and Zn were 0.063 +/- 0.022 mu g/g and 39.84 +/- 15.5 mu g/g, respectively, being higher than in other groups. In Group 11, mean placental Cd and Zn levels were higher than those of Group III. Blood progesterone levels of subjects in Group 1 (121 ng/ml) were the lowest of all groups. While the mean count of villi was the highest in Group 111; the highest mean count of syncytial knots was in Group 11. Thickening of vasculo-syncytial membrane was most prominent in Group 1. Similarly, MT staining was positive and very dense in 72.7% (24/33) of cases in Group I (p

Background: beta-catenin gene mutations have been reported in vast majority of pilomatrixomas (PMXs). P-catenin, a component of the adhesion molecules of the cytoskeleton, is degraded at the cytoplasm. Excess cytoplasmic beta-catenin enters into the nucleus and activates the transcription of several genes encoding c-myc, cyclin D1 and others. Sublocation of beta-catenin has been demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The aim of this study was to determine the role of P-catenin-related proteins in various benign trichogenic tumors. Methods: We investigated the expression of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, c-myc and cyclin D1 immunohistochemically, and the expression of these molecules were compared between two groups consisting of 12 PMXs and 12 other benign trichogenic tumors (OBTTs). Results: In PMX group, nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression of beta-catenin was associated with a loss of membranous expression of E-cadherin (p = 0.002). In OBTT group, a membranous expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was observed, and there was a stronger nuclear immunoreactivity of cyclin D1 compared with PMX group (p = 0.006). Conclusions: In PMX, nuclear and/or cytoplasmic beta-catenin expression of tumoral cells is not related with beta-catenin-related gene expressions (c-myc or cyclin D1). The molecular behaviour of OBTTs is clearly different from that of PMXs in terms of to E-cadherin and P-catenin expression.

In this experimental study the protective effect of combination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and desferrioxamine on experimental colitis induced by 4 % acetic acid has been investigated in this experimental study. 24 Wistar Albino rats have been divided into 3 groups. No drug was given to the control group. SOD was given to the second group and desferrioxamine to the third group. Analysis of the results revealed significant cytoprotection by desferrioxamine as an iron chelating agent.

It is described that lymphoreticular infiltrates of the skin is a heterogenous clinical and pathologic group of dermatosis. These benign lesions histopathologically simulate malignant lymphomas and may undergo malignant transformation. Benign lymphoid hyperplasia must be distinguished from malignant lymphomas. In this article a 16 years old boy with cutaneous pseudolymphoma which recurred three times is presented. Epidermal changes, characteristics of dermal infiltration and its relation with dermal appendiges and blood vessels are evaluated by using routine and immunohistochemical methods.

Evidence is presented that supports a role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of various disorders of the digestive system. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the role of oxygen free radicals which are responsible for tissue damage in ischemic conditions and oxygen free radical scavengers in ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis. A total of 60 rats were grouped in six: A control group, ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis group, ethanol-sucralfate, ethanol-scavengers (namely allopurinol, E vitamin, and Ginkgo biloba extract). As a result, allopurinol and E vitamin decrease both macroscopic and microscopic lesion and also blockade lipid peroxidation. In the Ginkgo biloba extract and sucralfate groups there were extensive orisons as compared with allopurinol and E vitamin. These results suggest that removing oxygen derived free radicals may prove to be an added dimension in the management of ethanol induced erosive gastritis.

Objectives. This study assessed the diagnostic agreement and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology Consensus Classification of Urothelial Neoplasms (1998 WHO/ISUP classification) and the 1973 WHO classification. Methods. A teaching set with 5 slides of each papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, low-grade papillary carcinoma, high-grade papillary carcinoma, and a guideline, as well as a study set of 30 slides containing ten cases of each category, were sent to participants. Six pathologists expert in urological pathology reviewed the 30 slides of non-invasive papillary urothelial tumors in the study set. Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated using intra- and inter-rater techniques (kappa statistic). Results. A moderate to substantial intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was achieved for both the 1998 WHO/ISUP and 1973 WHO classification. The results of the two classification systems were not different statistically (P>0.05). Reproducibility was lower in low-grade tumors for both classifications. Conclusions. The new proposed classification system for non-invasive urothelial neoplasms does not increase the reproducibility. There is still a need for uniformity in grading in order to compare the different studies and therapies and to provide more accurate information for management.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established and safe method for the rapid diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. A few clinically important complications, including bleeding, infection and inflammatory reactions, result from FNA, In a small number nf cases FNA has been followed by varying degrees Of necrosis in some organs. In the literature there are a few reports associated with necrosis in a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland following, FNA.

We investigated the effect of antithrombin III on 60 min warm intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into three groups: group 1 sham-operated group (no IR injury, n=8), group 2 ischemic control group (control, Ringer's lactate infused, n=8), group 3 Antithrombin III treated group (2.50 U/kg before ischemia, n=8). Intestinal ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and mucosal damage were investigated after 120 min reperfusion. Elevated MDA levels and MPO activity and severe histopathological damage were observed in the control group compared with the sham group (P

In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal IR was achieved by a 75-min clamping of the left renal pedicle and subsequent 24 h reperfusion, after right nephrectomy was performed. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (sham operated: no IR injury), group 2 (ischemic control: saline treatment), and group 3 (3 mg/kg TMZ before ischemia). After 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples and renal tissue samples were taken to measure the levels of creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the 7-day survival rates in each group were evaluated. We found significant increases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, severe acute tubular necrosis, and a significant decrease in the activity of the GSH-Px in group 2. There were significant decreases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, mild acute tubular necrosis, and a significant increase in activity of the GSH-Px in group 3 when compared with the control group (p

The aim of this study was to research for the validity of the hypothesis, which claims that the reflux of renal and adrenal metabolites by internal spermatic vein through testis causes morphological changes. The study was planned for three groups as sham [Group I, n:5], experimantally induced left varicocele (Group II, n:7), experimantally induced left varicocele + left adrenalectomy + left nephrectomy [Group III: n:9), containing 21 adolescent rats, totally. Ten weeks after the operation the wheights of vesicula seminalis, epididiym, testis and intratesticular-intraperitoneal temperatures of each rat were measured. Additionally epididimal sperm aspiration was performed and testicular biopsy specimens were obtained for histological examination. The differences between intraabdominal and intratesticular temperatures (delta T) were statistically significant between the groups II-III and I (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed that the germ cell desquamation was present in 5 (71.4%) and 1 (11.1%) of the rats in-groups II and III, respectively. Also, Leydig cell changes were more prominent in groups II and III than group I. The results of our study have shown that although elevated intratesticular temperature was responsible for the morphological alteration of testicular tissue in varicocele, some adrenal and/or renal factors also contribute to this process.

XV World Congress of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ISTANBUL 93) -- JUN 20-25, 1993 -- ISTANBUL, TURKEY, WOS: A1993BB96K00158, …

WOS: A1989AR28600008, PubMed ID: 2624834, …