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Considering the importance of nickel and iron nutrition for the soybean crop, their deficiency inhibits the yield drastically specially in the area where soybean crop is dominant. To encounter this problem, a pot experiment was conducted in glass house on low nickel and iron soil in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during 2019–20 and 2021–22. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ni (nickel) and Fe (iron) on the post-harvest soil parameters, growth, yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient content of soybean crop. There were 10 treatments with two levels of Ni (5 and 10 mg kg −1) and Fe (10 and 20 mg kg−1) with recommended dosage of fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (8.93, 35.71, and 17.86 mg kg−1) applied to all treatments except control. The result of the experiment revealed that the co-application of nickel and iron@10 mg kg−1 and 20 mg kg−1 (RDF + Ni10Fe20), resulted in the increase in plant height, greeness index, no of seed per pod, no of pod per plant, seed yield, and stover yield. Similar, findings for the post- harvest soil parameter indicated that there was increase in pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon content of soil. DTPA (Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cu, also found highest in treatment where nickel and iron@10 mg kg−1 and 20 mg kg−1 (RDF + Ni10Fe20) were applied in soil, but in case of DTPA extractable Mn, the highest amount was found in treatment where nickel and iron@10 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 (RDF + Ni10Fe10) was applied in soil. The soil microbial biomass carbon and urease activity was also found highest in the treatment where nickel and iron@10 and 20 mg kg−1 was applied in soil. The minimum plant height, greeness index, no of seed per pod, no of pod per plant, seed, and stover yield was recorded in treatment where only RDF(T1) was applied. Similar, result recorded for the post-harvest soil parameters. So, overall findings of the pot experiment revealed that the conjoint application of nickel and iron has resulted in better yield of soybean crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in soil poses a severe environmental threat, jeopardizing ecosystem health and potentially entering the food chain through plant uptake. Phytoremediation, a bioremediation technique utilizing plants to remove or immobilize contaminants, offers a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for HM remediation. This study investigated the interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and chelating agents (EDTA and DTPA) on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivated in metal-contaminated soil and their impact on HM uptake by these plants. The findings revealed that AMF and chelating agents have complex interactive effects on plant growth and metal accumulation. Maize (Zea mays L.) shoot dry matter increased with AMF and chelating agents at lower concentrations. Both plants generally showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in shoot dry matter with amendments, with AMF × EDTA (10 mmol/kg) being the most effective for alfalfa. DTPA and EDTA generally reduced the DTPA-extractable metals in soil, suggesting potential for metal removal. However, the effects of AMF on metal availability were variable. Metal concentrations in maize (Zea mays L.) shoots increased with increasing DTPA and EDTA concentrations, while the effects of AMF were more complex. The alfalfa shoot metal content showed varied responses, with EDTA (5 mmol/kg) effectively reducing the metal uptake. In general, treatments involving chelating agents (DTPA and EDTA) tend to result in higher bioaccumulation factor (BF) values compared to the non-treated controls for most HMs in both plant species. Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment alone or in combination with chelating agents also showed that varied effects on HM uptake in both the alfalfa and maize treatments with chelating agents, especially at higher concentrations, generally promoted the greater translocation of HMs in both plant species. Both alfalfa and maize responded differently to treatments, with some treatments showing higher translocation factor (TF) values for certain HMs in one species compared to the other. Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment alone or in combination with chelating agents also showed varied effects on HM uptake and translocation in both alfalfa and maize. Further research is required to optimize remediation strategies that balance plant health and metal mobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Iron-binding ligands significantly stimulated superoxide production by Arthrobacter strains and other soil bacteria. • Fe(III)-DTPA effectively promoted the conversion of microbial superoxide into hydroxyl radicals. • A rough molar ratio of 1:1 between Fe(III) and DTPA was optimal for production of hydroxyl radicals. • The incorporation of DTPA into microbial cultures containing Fe(III) facilitated the degradation of oxytetracycline. Harnessing bacteria for superoxide production in bioremediation holds immense promise, yet its practical application is hindered by slow production rates and the relatively weak redox potential of superoxide. This study delves into a cost-effective approach to amplify superoxide production using an Arthrobacter strain, a prevalent soil bacterial genus. Our research reveals that introducing a carbon source along with specific iron-binding ligands, including deferoxamine (DFO), diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA), citrate, and oxalate, robustly augments microbial superoxide generation. Moreover, our findings suggest that these iron-binding ligands play a pivotal role in converting superoxide into hydroxyl radicals by modulating the electron transfer rate between Fe(III)/Fe(II) and superoxide. Remarkably, among the tested ligands, only DTPA emerges as a potent promoter of this conversion process when complexed with Fe(III). We identify an optimal Fe(III) to DTPA ratio of approximately 1:1 for enhancing hydroxyl radical production within the Arthrobacter culture. This research underscores the efficacy of simultaneously introducing carbon sources and DTPA in facilitating superoxide production and its subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals, significantly elevating bioremediation performance. Furthermore, our study reveals that DTPA augments superoxide production in cultures of diverse soils, with various soil microorganisms beyond Arthrobacter identified as contributors to superoxide generation. This emphasizes the universal applicability of DTPA across multiple bacterial genera. In conclusion, our study introduces a promising methodology for enhancing microbial superoxide production and its conversion into hydroxyl radicals. These findings hold substantial implications for the deployment of microbial reactive oxygen species in bioremediation, offering innovative solutions for addressing environmental contamination challenges. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural soils play a key role in the achievement of a circular nutrient economy. The use of sewage sludges as fertilizers is important for such an achievement, assisting in the maintenance of soil health and nutritional crop value. This study was established, after 23 years of a fertilization experiment, in calcareous soil under a maize monoculture. The treatments included mineral fertilization as a control (MIN, 225 kg N ha−1) and two sludge treatments, where doses followed a threshold sludge nitrogen criterion (SNC, 170 kg org-N ha−1) or a threshold soil phosphorus criterion (SPC; when the soil Olsen-P value exceeded 40–60 kg P ha−1, the sludge application was stopped). A detailed study was performed on Cd, Cu, F, Mn, Pb, and Zn soil extractable with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), as well as the nutrient and heavy metal concentration of different fractions of the maize plant (grain, cob, and the rest of the plant). Extractions were also quantified. No biomass-yield differences were observed in the different parts of the maize plant in the year of sampling. Sludges increased the soil DTPA extraction of Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn and diminished Mn extraction, without differences in extractable Pb. The SNC, when compared with MIN, showed increased P cob concentrations, and in grain, it showed increased Fe, Cr, and Co concentrations. The SPC figures of the studied parameters were, in general, between both treatments (MIN and SNC), although Cr extractions in grain diminished vs. SNC. Based on the results, the SPC can be recommended as it also avoids excessive available-P build up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Technetium-99m diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA)-based scintigraphy is a convenient way to assess measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in kidney donors. Equations have been developed to calculate GFR in the general population. This study aims to identify the best among commonly employed equations to better predict GFR when compared with scintigraphy-based mGFR. Also, the trends in mGFR values were studied over 1 year post-donation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four kidney donors were recruited for this study from November 2017 to November 2018 and followed-up for a year. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) Collaboration equation, and Nankivell formula; the values were compared to that obtained using 99mTc-DTPA both pre-and post-donation. Correlation and agreement between the eGFR and mGFR were studied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: mGFR was augmented by 32.3 ± 27.8% in the remnant kidney post-donation. The baseline mGFR, post-donation mGFR, and the quantum of its increase post-donation did not differ between overweight donors and donors with normal body mass index (BMI). mGFR correlated poorly with all the eGFR equations both pre- and post-donation. Bland-Altman analysis showed weak agreement with significant bias and variance between mGFR and all eGFR equations. Conclusion: In Indian kidney donors, mGFR by 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy shows poor correlation and agreement with the commonly used eGFR equations. An individualized approach is needed to assess the kidney function of live donors to minimize harm to both the recipient and the donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain death denotes the loss of function in both the cerebrum and the brain stem, leading to coma, absence of spontaneous respiration in the setting of adequate stimulus, and the cessation of all brain stem reflexes. Although spinal reflexes such as deep tendon, plantar flexion, and withdrawal reflexes may persist, recovery is not possible. The cessation of brain function qualifies as death because of its central role in coordinating vital bodily functions. Although brain death is largely determined by a clinical and neurologic examination, confounding variables may necessitate ancillary testing such as cerebral brain perfusion imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

سابقه و هدف: امروزه با افزایش جمعیت، افزایش تقاضای مصرف کاغذ و مقوا و همچنین محدودیت بیشتر مواد اولیه مصرفی، تولید کاغذ از خمیرکاغذ های پربازده و مکانیکی جایگاه ویژه و خاص خود را پیدا کرده است. این خمیرکاغذها راندمان بیش از 85 درصد دارند و مقدار ماده چوبی حل شده در آن ها کمتر از خمیرهای شیمیایی و نیمه شیمیایی است، اما بعلت وجود لیگنین، مواد عصاره‌ای و یون‌های فلزی موجود در این خمیرکاغذ ها، مصرف آن ها را به زمان های کوتاه مدت محدود کرده است و در طولانی مدت دچار برگشت روشنی و زردشدگی نوری می‌شوند. این تحقیق با هدف تاثیر افشاندن DTPA، نانوسلولز و نانوکیتوزان بر ویژگی‌های نوری خمیرکاغذ شیمیایی- مکانیکی (CMP) انجام گرفت. مواد و روش ها: به همین منظور، ابتدا مقداری ازخمیرشیمیایی-مکانیکی(CMP) رنگبری شده کارخانه چوب و کاغذ مازندران به عنوان نمونه شاهد انتخاب شد. از خمیرکاغذ‌های مذکور کاغذهایی با وزن پایه gr/m2 60 تهیه شد. در این تحقیق، نانوسلولز از نوع نانوسلولز فیبریله شده، با پتانسیل زتا منفی، که با روش مکانیکی تهیه شده، از شرکت دانش بنیان نانونوین پلیمر( پارک علم و فن آوری مازندران)(ساری-ایران)، با متوسط قطر الیاف 35 نانومتر و درصد خلوص حدود 99 درصد خریداری و در 2سطح 0 و 2 درصد بر روی کاغذ های حاصل از خمیرکاغذ CMP افشانده شد. نانوکیتوزان نیز که به صورت پودری کرم رنگ و شفاف می‌باشد، از شرکت Seafresh کشور تایلند با وزن ملکولی 270 کیلودالتون، درجه استیلاسیون 93 درصد تهیه شد. محلول نانوکیتوزان در 2سطح 0 و 2 درصد بر روی کاغذ های حاصل از خمیرکاغذ CMP افشانده شد. دی اتیلن تری آمین پنتا استیک اسید (DTPA) با مقدار مواد جامد 50 درصد و ویسکوزیته cps 25 از شرکت DIPER-Samchun (کره جنوبی) تهیه گردید. ابتدا مقداری DTPA بصورت محلول 0/5 درصد آماده سازی و سپس بر روی کاغذ های دست ساز افشانده شد. بعد از ساخت کاغذهای دست‌ساز 60 گرمی، عملیات افشاندن بر روی سطح تعدادی از نمونه‌های آزمونی با استفاده از 2 درصد نانو کیتوزان، 2 درصد نانوسلولز و 0/5 درصد DTPA ، به‌صورت جداگانه و همزمان و در زمان20 ثانیه و در فاصله 20 سانتی‌متر انجام شد. سپس با رعایت شرایط استاندارد، ویژگی‌های نوری نمونه ها شامل روشنی، ماتی، زردی و سبزرنگی کاغذ ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های استاندارد TAPPI و ASTMاندازه‌گیری شد.یافته های تحقیق: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که با افشاندن DTPA، نانوسلولز و نانوکیتوزان روشنی، زردی، سبزرنگی، فاکتور L* و ماتی افزایش و فاکتورa* در کاغذ حاصل روند کاهشی را نشان داده است. با افشاندن نانوسلولز بر روی نمونه‌های آزمونی اکثر ویژگی‌های نوری بجز زردی کاغذ حاصل بهبود معنی‌داری از خود نشان داده است. در این حالت مناسب‌ترین ویژگی‌ها در کاغذ حاصل از افشاندن DTPA و همچنین در تیمار افشاندن هم‌زمان DTPA، نانوسلولز و نانوکیتوزان بر روی کاغذ های دست ساز مشاهده گردید، که باعث افزایش و بهبود تمامی ویژگی های نوری بصورت معنی‌داری شده است، که می‌توان آن را به عنوان تیمار برتر انتخاب و معرفی کرد. نتایج ارزیابی برگشت درجه روشنی کاغذ حاصل از خمیر کاغذ CMP نشان داد که اغلب تیمارها منجر به کاهش نسبی برگشت درجه روشنی کاغذ شده است. در بین تیمارهای مختلف، کمترین مقادیر برگشت درجه روشنی در کاغذ حاصل از افشاندن DTPA 5/0 درصد و بیشترین آن با افشاندن نانوکیتوزان بر روی کاغذ حاصل به‌دست آمده‌ است. نتایج ارزیابی تصاویر SEM نمونه های آزمونی نیز نشان داد که در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد، با افشاندن نانو کیتوزان و نانوسلولز و همچنین در تیمار افشاندن هم‌زمان DTPA، نانوسلولز و نانوکیتوزان کاغذ حاصل دارای ویژگی‌های سطحی و ساختاری مطلوب‌تری بوده و وجود فضاهای خالی (حفره‌) کمتر و سطح اتصال بیشتری الیاف در نمونه‌های آزمونی آن، می تواند ویژگی‌های نوری مطلوب‌تری را از خود دهد.نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که با افشاندن نانوسلولز، نانو کیتوزان و DTPA بر روی نمونه‌های آزمونی، خواص نوری، روشنی، سبزی، ماتی، فاکتور a* ، فاکتور l* ، زردی و برگشت روشنی بهبود یافته است. علاوه بر این، در بین تیمارهای مختلف، تیمار افشاندن با DTPA در کهنه شدگی حرارتی طولانی مدت و استفاده از نانو کیتوزان و نانو سلولز در کهنه شدگی حرارتی کوتاه‌مدت، اثرات قابل‌توجهی بر پایداری روشنی و کاهش بازگشت رنگ کاغذ داشته، در نتیجه، دوام کاغذ در برابر تخریب حرارتی افزایش یافته است.

Purpose: The potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for phytoremediation of copper-contaminated Mediterranean soils was investigated. The accumulation of copper in hemp's parts and the effect of contaminated soil on the production of cannabidiol (CBD) were, also, of primary concern. Methods: Two soil types, a Clay Loam & a Sandy Clay Loam, were exposed to two levels of Cu contamination, with low & high Cu concentrations. The soils' total and available Cu content, along with Cu in plant tissues, were determined. Height, fresh aboveground biomass and leaf chlorophyll content were further evaluated. Furthermore, the amount of cannabidiol (CBD) in the hemp flowers was determined. Results: Hemp appeared to be highly resistant, as can successfully grow in both soil types having low or high Cu levels. The maximum Cu content was detected in the highest part of the plant roots, with a progressive decline towards the upper parts of the plant (CuRoots > CuShoots > CuLeaf), in both soil types. It has been observed that more than 50% of the plant's copper concentration is accumulated in the roots. Furthermore, the hemp plants cultivated in high Cu-contaminated soils produced greater amounts of cannabidiol (CBD). Conclusion: Ηemp proved to be a promising plant for phytostabilization in Cu-contaminated soils, as its above-ground biomass is almost free of metals and can be used further for fiber production. The presence of Cu in soils did not appear to disrupt the production of the important secondary metabolite CBD, but rather increased following increasing soil Cu content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether dynamic renal scans – DTPA or MAG3 – routinely performed after flexible ureteroscopies (f-URS) could detect the development of an obstruction and thus promote prompt early intervention for kidney preservation. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, with all the data recorded prospectively between April 2010 and October 2023, 250 renal units in 242 patients with upper urinary tract stones (UUTS) who underwent ureterorenoscopy by one surgeon in the same medical center were evaluated. Stone-free rate (SFR) was defined as no residual fragments at all using an intraoperative “triple test”. The following characteristics were examined: gender, BMI, age, Hounsfield unit, stone diameter, laterality, renal/ureteral stones, stone-free rate, and auxiliary procedures per renal unit. The Clavien-Dindo classification was used to report complications. Renal units with residual stones were scheduled for a 2nd f-URS. Post- flexible ureteroscopy ureteral obstruction and renal function were detected using renal scan DTPA or MAG-3. The primary outcome was renal/ ureteral obstruction. Results: The mean patient age was 53 years. The mean stone size was 12.3 mm. Stones in renal pelvis, upper, middle and lower calyces were treated in 9.2% (23), 27.6% (69), and 30.8% (77) of cases, respectively; 44% (110) ureteral stones were also treated. The single- and second-session SFRs were 94.8% and 99.7%, respectively. A third auxiliary procedure was needed in one renal unit (0.4%). The mean number of procedures per renal unit was 1.06 (264/250). Ureteral double-J stents were inserted in 53.6% (134) of the cases. In 37 (14.8%) cases, a stent was placed before surgery. Post-operative complications were minor, with readmission and pain control needed in only two patients (0.8%). No avulsion or perforation of the ureters was observed. In six patients with t1/2 between 10-20 minutes, a second renal scan revealed spontaneous improvement and no obstruction in five patients. One patient with large stones and a history of prior ureteroscopy developed a ureteral stricture (0.4%) and needed treatment with laser endoureterotomy. Conclusions: Post-flexible ureteroscopy obstruction due to ureteral stricture is very rare. A routine renal scan post-operatively may be used in potentially high-risk patients.

Agricultural soils play a key role in the achievement of a circular nutrient economy. The use of sewage sludges as fertilizers is important for such an achievement, assisting in the maintenance of soil health and nutritional crop value. This study was established, after 23 years of a fertilization experiment, in calcareous soil under a maize monoculture. The treatments included mineral fertilization as a control (MIN, 225 kg N ha−1) and two sludge treatments, where doses followed a threshold sludge nitrogen criterion (SNC, 170 kg org-N ha−1) or a threshold soil phosphorus criterion (SPC; when the soil Olsen-P value exceeded 40–60 kg P ha−1, the sludge application was stopped). A detailed study was performed on Cd, Cu, F, Mn, Pb, and Zn soil extractable with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), as well as the nutrient and heavy metal concentration of different fractions of the maize plant (grain, cob, and the rest of the plant). Extractions were also quantified. No biomass-yield differences were observed in the different parts of the maize plant in the year of sampling. Sludges increased the soil DTPA extraction of Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn and diminished Mn extraction, without differences in extractable Pb. The SNC, when compared with MIN, showed increased P cob concentrations, and in grain, it showed increased Fe, Cr, and Co concentrations. The SPC figures of the studied parameters were, in general, between both treatments (MIN and SNC), although Cr extractions in grain diminished vs. SNC. Based on the results, the SPC can be recommended as it also avoids excessive available-P build up.

The synthesis of core–shell magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles (MMSNs) through a phase transfer process is usually performed at the 100–250 mg scale. At the gram scale, nanoparticles without cores or with multicore systems are observed. Iron oxide core nanoparticles (IO) were synthesized through a thermal decomposition procedure of α-FeO(OH) in oleic acid. A phase transfer from chloroform to water was then performed in order to wrap the IO nanoparticles with a mesoporous silica shell through the sol–gel procedure. MMSNs were then functionalized with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid) and used for the separation of metal ions. Their toxicity was evaluated. The phase transfer procedure was crucial to obtaining MMSNs on a large scale. Three synthesis parameters were rigorously controlled: temperature, time and glassware. The homogeneous dispersion of MMSNs on the gram scale was successfully obtained. After functionalization with DTPA, the MMSN-DTPAs were shown to have a strong affinity for Ni ions. Furthermore, toxicity was evaluated in cells, zebrafish and seahorse cell metabolic assays, and the nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic. We developed a method of preparing MMSNs at the gram scale. After functionalization with DTPA, the nanoparticles were efficient in metal ion removal and separation; furthermore, no toxicity was noticed up to 125 µg mL−1 in zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the influence of a chelating agent—diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on the anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of indium was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization (LP), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical impedance measurements demonstrate that the equivalent electrical circuit of the electrode/electrolyte interface includes both the Gerischer impedance and Warburg impedance, which explains the quasi-reversible kinetics, and the reaction mechanism is chemical-electrochemical. Results of linear polarization and impedance measurements demonstrate the decrease in polarization resistance of anodic dissolution of indium from 1.02 to 0.73 kΩ cm2 in the presence of DTPA in an alkaline medium. The activation energy of indium electrodeposition from the DTPA-containing electrolyte was determined from EIS data, demonstrating sluggish kinetics of the reaction, and the value of the activation energy was 62.1 kJ mol−1. Moreover, the high overpotential of indium electroreduction was confirmed by the decrease in the diffusion coefficient of indium ions from 2.9 × 10−7 to 1.4 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 in the presence of DTPA. The dimensionless current transients of indium electroreduction on platinum electrode show both instantaneous and progressive nucleation mechanisms depending on the applied potential, according to the Scharifker–Hills 3D nucleation model. The nucleation density and nucleation rate were 7.91 × 107 cm−2 at − 1.425V and 4.87 × 109 cm−2 s−1 at an applied potential of − 1.450 V, respectively. The results of this study may be useful for the electrochemical recovery of indium from indium tin oxide (ITO) waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction between [1,2,4,5]tetrazines with trans‐cyclooctene through the cycloaddition process has been described as a powerful tool in bioorthogonal processes. Specifically the diagnostic with fluorescent‐ and radio‐labelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazines and pre‐targeted trans‐cyclooctene modified‐antibody has been used by us for this purpose. Our previously developed 99mTc‐radiolabelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐derivatives porting 6‐hydrazinonicotinyl‐chelator displayed some limitations related to its unappropriated biodisposal. Herein, we explored [1,2,4,5]tetrazines porting other 99mTc‐coordination‐moieties, 1,4,8,11‐tetrazacyclotetradecanyl and diethylenetriaminepentaacetyl, as potential hydrophilic functions. Some of the new modified [1,2,4,5]tetrazines were able to coordinate efficiently the radionuclide generating 99mTc‐counterparts that reacted with trans‐cyclooctene modified‐bevacizumab and recognized cells that overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, the in vivo99mTc‐counterparts‐biodistributions were studied, on the desired organs, and they resulted dependent of lipophilicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge in modelling the decorporation of actinides (An), such as americium (Am), with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is the fact that standard biokinetic models become inadequate for assessing radionuclide intake and estimating the resulting dose, as DTPA perturbs the regular biokinetics of the radionuclide. At present, most attempts existing in the literature are empirical and developed mainly for the interpretation of one or a limited number of specific incorporation cases. Recently, several approaches have been presented with the aim of developing a generic model, one of which reported the unperturbed biokinetics of plutonium (Pu), the chelation process and the behaviour of the chelated compound An–DTPA with a single model structure. The aim of the approach described in this present work is the development of a generic model that is able to describe the biokinetics of Am, DTPA and the chelate Am–DTPA simultaneously. Since accidental intakes in humans present many unknowns and large uncertainties, data from controlled studies in animals were used. In these studies, different amounts of DTPA were administered at different times after contamination with known quantities of Am. To account for the enhancement of faecal excretion and reduction in liver retention, DTPA is assumed to chelate Am not only in extracellular fluids, but also in hepatocytes. A good agreement was found between the predictions of the proposed model and the experimental results for urinary and faecal excretion and accumulation and retention in the liver. However, the decorporation from the skeletal compartment could not be reproduced satisfactorily under these simple assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little information on the impact of soil amendments on lead absorption by ornamental plants as phytoremediation and the antioxidant system. The experiment was set up in a factorial based on completely block design with three replications on Zinnia elegans. [Pb (NO3) at (0, 40, 80, and 120mg kg-1), soil amendment (control, diethylene trinitrilo pentaacetic acid (DTPA) 2.5 mM, DTPA 5mM, humic acid 200mg. L-1, and HA 400mg. L-1)]. Increased Pb concentration resulted in a significant rise in antioxidant enzymes, as well as an increase in Pb absorption by Z. elegans. DTPA 5mM and HA 400mg. L-1 application lead to significantly higher shoot dry weight (49 and 56%), root dry weight (62 and 63%), catalase (CAT) (18 and 19%), peroxidase (POX) (63 and 67%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10 and 14%), and shoot Pb (36 and 33mg.kg-1) in the contaminated soil, respectively. With the application of DTPA and HA, the residual Pb in soil fell in a negative association with the remediation factor. Z. elegans growing in polluted soils treated with DTPA 5mM and HA 400 mg. kg-1 showed Pb tolerance by inducing an effective antioxidative response to Pb toxicity and enhancing Pb absorption for phytoremediation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional farming always modifying by good innovation in agriculture, while the holistic idea of organic farming checks the use of synthetic inputs where in opposite side, the concept of natural farming allowing farming with few traditional and locally available inputs. The all three farming concepts are fundamentally different, to check it on real field, a experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous clayey soil at Junagadh (Gujarat) during rabi2019-20 to kharif 2020 in order to evaluate low cost natural farming, organic farming and conventional farming in major six crops of Gujarat. The experimental results revealed that conventional farming module significantly increased yields of crops as compared to organic farming and low cost natural farming. Significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium after harvest was found under conventional farming, while organic farming module registered significantly higher organic carbon, heat soluble S; DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn after harvest, which was found at par with conventional farming. Economic analysis showed that maximum net returns gross returns, and B:C ratio were observed under conventional farming module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STRONTIUM takes the same uptake and distribution pathways of Ca within plants; hence disturbs many secondary metabolites. In humans, it can replace Ca in bones and teeth, making them brittle. Thus, remediating Sr-polluted soils has become an obligation to attain a hazard-free environment. In this context, Sr is one of the potentially toxic elements that have received little attention. Thus, the current study aims at investigating the efficiency of using different chelating agents i.e. Na EDTA and DTPA for the chemical extraction of Sr from contaminated soils. To attain this aim, three soil types i.e. a clay loam one and two sandy loam soils varying in their CaCO3 content were artificially polluted with Sr at three levels (50, 100 and 200 mg Sr kg-1); then left to equilibrate for 3 months. Thereafter, Sr was determined within the different soil fractions. In the clayey soil, most Sr was bounded with sesquioxide; followed by the exchangeable fraction, while in the other two soils (sandy loam ones), most of soil-Sr dominated within the exchangeable form, followed by the carbonate bound fraction. The contaminated soils were then subjected to soil leaching via either Na EDTA or DTPA and the extractable amount by both methods were comparable, with slight superiority for DTPA. Generally, the extraction efficiencies of Sr by these chelating agents were low in the sandy loam soils which contained 50 mg Sr kg-1 while increased considerably with increasing the level of soil contamination recording approximately 76-88%. Afterward, fractionation of Sr was accomplished again where the carbonate and organic bound fractions were the dominant ones; yet the exchangeable fraction still represents a substantial percentage. Generally, all fractions prior to soil leaching were correlated with each other. The two chelating agents were capable of extracting Sr among the different soil fractions except for the sesquioxide bound which was not extractable by Na-EDTA (r2=0.371) yet it can be extracted by DTPA (r2=0.413). This result provides more evidence for the feasibility of using both EDTA-2Na and DTPA in the chemical extraction of Sr from contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans, animals, and plants. Zinc uptake by crops is dictated by zinc availability in the soil, which in turn may be dictated, at least in part, by soil mineralogy. Little is known about the phytoavailability of Zn in Andisols, which are important agricultural soils in volcanic regions, such as Japan, New Zealand, and southern Chile. In this study, we assessed the vegetative growth response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, L.) to Zn fertilization in an Andisol from southern Chile. Ryegrass was grown in a greenhouse pot experiment with twelve rates of Zn application from 0 to 6075 mg Zn/kg soil. After 63 days, shoot length, specific leaf area, and biomass were measured. Foliar Zn concentrations were measured and correlated with plant-available Zn as measured by a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-soil extraction (DTPA-Zn hereafter). Zinc toxicity to ryegrass was assessed using the Toxicity Relationship Analysis Program. This study demonstrated that a DTPA-Zn level of 1 mg Zn/kg soil was not limiting for ryegrass growth. Although Zn fertilization did not improve ryegrass growth in the studied Andisol, this study still has practical implications. Zinc deficiency in humans is a global problem and increasing Zn in staple food and forage crops may require Zn fertilization. This study suggests that Andisols can be fertilized with high doses of Zn without a risk of causing Zn toxicity to crops. However, a DTPA-Zn level of >489 mg Zn/kg soil decreased shoot length, indicating a toxicity response.

Present results provided new information on the practice of removing iron from waterlogged wood using chelating agents. Two series of samples were selected: small waterlogged wood samples of Quercus spp., Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus pinaster Aiton, and a portion from the dismantled shipwreck Huguangjiao I. Iron extractions were carried out using disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Samples were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive energy spectrometry, micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the latter used to evaluate viscoelastic properties. The extraction efficiency of both products was good, although it depended on the wood state of preservation, being higher in more decayed material. Still, the extraction procedures induced a limited effect on the decayed wood tissue, affecting both cell wall chemical composition and physical characteristics. Moreover, a significant difference existed between the two agents. In decayed hardwoods, they had an impact on both E' (decrease) and tanδ (increase), mostly apparent for DTPA. The difference between DTPA and EDTA was also more evident when the frequency was varied in DMA tests. In contrast, the well-preserved softwood was not affected by the considered treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó un estudio para evaluar la variación de pH, disponibilidad y asociaciones químicas de Cd en dos Latosoles previamente contaminados modificados con enmiendas minerales y orgánicas. Los Latosoles fueron contaminados con Cd y modificados con lombricomposta, torta de filtración de caña de azúcar, torta de palmiste, cal, roca fosfórica o zeolita. La disponibilidad de cadmio se evaluó mensualmente en las mezclas de enmiendas de suelo/suelo contaminadas con los extractantes DTPA y Mehlich-3 durante doce meses de incubación. Al final de este período, se realizó un procedimiento de extracción secuencial en las mezclas para identificar las formas de Cd presentes en las diversas fracciones geoquímicas. La cal inmovilizó al Cd en mayor extensión (60%), siendo el metal transferido a fracciones menos disponibles. El extractante Mehlich-3 tuvo una alta correlación (0. 96**) con la fracción disponible examinada por el procedimiento de extracción secuencial. En general, las enmiendas orgánicas produjeron pequeños efectos en el pH final de las mezclas de enmiendas de suelo/suelo en comparación con el pH inicial del suelo. Las enmiendas minerales provocaron una mejora del pH del suelo y el efecto más pronunciado ocurrió con el uso de cal.

Conventional farming always modifying by good innovation in agriculture, while the holistic idea of organic farming checks the use of synthetic inputs where in opposite side, the concept of natural farming allowing farming with few traditional and locally available inputs. The all three farming concepts are fundamentally different, to check it on real field, a experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous clayey soil at Junagadh (Gujarat) during rabi 2019-20 to kharif 2020 in order to evaluate low cost natural farming, organic farming and conventional farming in major six crops of Gujarat. The experimental results revealed that conventional farming module significantly increased yields of crops as compared to organic farming and low cost natural farming. Significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium after harvest was found under conventional farming, while organic farming module registered significantly higher organic carbon, heat soluble S; DTPA-extractable Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn after harvest, which was found at par with conventional farming. Economic analysis showed that maximum net returns gross returns, and B:C ratio were observed under conventional farming module.

[Display omitted] • A magnetic heterogeneous Ru nanocatalyst was prepared. • It is the first time to employ multi-carboxyl groups to immobilize Ru. • It was spherical, thermostable and recyclable. • It was green, environment-friend and high efficiency in catalyzing oxidation of aromatic alcohols. A novel magnetic heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -DTPA-Ru) was prepared by using magnetic silicon spheres as support, ethylenediaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as functional ligands, ruthenium chloride as catalyst precursor. The results obtained after a series of characterizations showed that the catalyst Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -DTPA-Ru was 5–15 nm in size with a 0.205 nm lattice and contained 0.31 mmol Ru/g catalyst. It also had a good thermal stability under 232°C which was verified by thermal filtration method. Besides, the saturation magnetic intensity was as high as 20.54 emu/g. The catalyst Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -DTPA-Ru was applied for the first time into thirteen oxidation reactions of aromatic alcohols and showed good catalytic activity even the yields of eleven aromatic alcohols were all over 90%. In catalyzing 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone, its TOF and TON were 9677 h−1 and 6991, respectively. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -DTPA-Ru catalyst could still maintain good reusability and catalytic performance after 15 cycles of 1-phenylethanol oxidation, which was superior to many reported catalysts and had great potential in future industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of core–shell magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles (MMSNs) through a phase transfer process is usually performed at the 100–250 mg scale. At the gram scale, nanoparticles without cores or with multicore systems are observed. Iron oxide core nanoparticles (IO) were synthesized through a thermal decomposition procedure of α-FeO(OH) in oleic acid. A phase transfer from chloroform to water was then performed in order to wrap the IO nanoparticles with a mesoporous silica shell through the sol–gel procedure. MMSNs were then functionalized with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid) and used for the separation of metal ions. Their toxicity was evaluated. The phase transfer procedure was crucial to obtaining MMSNs on a large scale. Three synthesis parameters were rigorously controlled: temperature, time and glassware. The homogeneous dispersion of MMSNs on the gram scale was successfully obtained. After functionalization with DTPA, the MMSN-DTPAs were shown to have a strong affinity for Ni ions. Furthermore, toxicity was evaluated in cells, zebrafish and seahorse cell metabolic assays, and the nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic. We developed a method of preparing MMSNs at the gram scale. After functionalization with DTPA, the nanoparticles were efficient in metal ion removal and separation; furthermore, no toxicity was noticed up to 125 µg mL−1 in zebrafish.

This work included two different types of dissolving process (inorganic and organic) which used for the complete dissolving barium sulfate (barite). The inorganic solvents were involved digestion on hotplate with recipe of mixture acids with hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, aqua regia, and fusion with sodium carbonate. The second set of experiments was involved organic ligands such as EDTA, DTPA and a mixture of them. Different parameters were tested in these experiments which were time, molarity of the ligand, amount of barium sulfate and pH. Barite was incompletely dissolved when inorganic solvents were used in experiment. Whilst, the organic ligands show that EDTA is the best ligand for the complete dissolving of barite comparing with DTPA and mixture of EDTA and DTPA. The optimal condition of the highest dissolution of barite by using EDTA were time for 30 h, molarity of the ligand is 2 M, amount of barium sulfate = 0.5 g, and pH = 13 at room temperature. At this condition, the dissolution of barite was 88.56%. It is worth noting that the experiments were carried out at room temperature because the study simulates the dissolution of barite scale in petroleum pipes.

Introduction In renal transplant, serum creatinine and isotope studies are used for determination of donor glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Studies have shown computed tomography measured renal volume can also be used. Our main objective was to assess the accuracy of volume based estimated GFR (vGFR) with diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) measured GFR in living kidney donors. Methods An observational analytical study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 in Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant Surgery and Department of Radiodiagnosis in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital where a total of 38 eligible potential donors were evaluated and serum creatinine level, computed tomography with contrast and DTPA renogram were used to measure GFR and differential function. Results The mean age of the donors were 42.8±10.9 years with 70% of donors being females. Renal volume was not statistically different between male and female donors. There was moderate correlation between volume based and DTPA based GFR (r=0.76) and differential function (r=0.71). Compared to creatinine, volume based GFR estimate showed better correlation to DTPA renogram. There was no significant difference in differential function estimated by DTPA and volume based estimates (p = 0.96). The upper and lower limit of agreement between the volume based and DTPA based differential function was -4.7 and 4.6 respectively. Conclusion GFR measurement by CT volume overestimates total GFR compared to DTPA renogram but it has better correlation than creatinine based estimates. It can be used to estimate the differential function of the donor kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The mutual separation of actinides (An) from lanthanides (Ln), using diethylenetriamine- N,N′,N″-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) or diethylenetriamine- N,N′,N″-triacetic acid-N,N″-bis(diethylacetamide) (DTBA) masking agents in the aqueous phase via diglycolamide (DGA) extraction is focused on the basis of Trivalent Actinide-Lanthanide Separations by Phosphorus-reagent Extraction from Aqueous Complexes (TALSPEAK) method. We also obtained the same separation performance using the commercially available DTPA using DTBA. In this work, we selected lactic acid (LA) of pH buffer from 10 organic acids and ethylenediamine (ED) for the pH adjustment based on the salt-free system. Approximately same D and SF values are obtained in the following conditions: TODGA-DTPA-LA-NaOH, TODGA-DTPA-LA-ED, and TODGA-DTBA-LA, except for different pH conditions (DTPA: pH 1.7–1.71, DTBA: pH 1.15). Experimental results using batchwise multi-stage extractions showed average yields of Ln (La to Gd) and Am to be 3.73% and 98.1% in the aqueous phase using DGA-DTPA-LA-ED, 3.1% and 97.0% using DGA-DTPA-LA-NaOH, and 1.61% and 98.7% using DGA-DTBA-LA. The suitable pH condition for the multi-stage extraction, using DTBA to extract over 95% Am with under 5% coextraction of Ln was limited to 1.14–1.16 throughout this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mehlich-3 (M-3) is used as a universal nutrient extractant due to its ability to simultaneously extract multiple elements. This study aimed to assess M-3 for the simultaneous determination of plant-available zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), and sulfate (SO4-S) in a soil amended with switchgrass- (SGB) and poultry litter-derived biochars (PLB), which were used to vary soil pH values (5.7–7.6) and organic carbon (OC) content (2.0–5.5%) in the short-term. Soil and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were sampled from a growth chamber experiment and analyzed for plant-available and tissue phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn), and sulfur contents. The commonly accepted extractants diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), for micronutrients, and 0.008 M monocalcium phosphate (MCP), for SO4-S, were used for the evaluation. Relationships between M-3 and DTPA were not reliable for micronutrient availability, although highly significant relationships for Zn and Cu were found. However, M-3-extractable S was highly correlated with S contents in ryegrass tissues regardless of the treatments and provided a 1:1 relationship between MCP and M-3. This offers the potential to eliminate MCP by simply adding S determination after extraction with M-3. Although this research evaluated the d-index for an easier linear relationship between the traditional and proposed methods, more research using several soil samples is needed to establish models and find conversion equations for micronutrients and SO4-S between DTPA-sorbitol, MCP, and M-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Americium is a man-made metal produced in very small quantities in nuclear reactors. Americium-241 is one of the radioactive isotopes of americium and has commercial applications, including use in smoke detectors. This is a case report of an occupational inhalation of americium-241, treated with both effective external decontamination and the use of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate to promote decorporation. This experience is significant because of the potential for americium or similar radionuclides to be used in "dirty" bombs or other radiological dispersion devices to cause large-scale radioactive contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out in an on-going long-term fertilizer experiment, initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, Choudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Palampur, to study the long-term effect of fertilizers and amendments on soil physical and chemical properties in an acid Alfisol under maize–wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments with 3 replications with randomized block design. The soil of the experimental site was silt loam and classified taxonomically as "Typic Hapludalf" (Subgroup). Long-term use of integrated nutrient management practices significantly improved the available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium as compared to control. Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and amendments on soil chemical properties was studied. Soil organic carbon content was increased in 100% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium + Farm Yard Manures applied plots. Application of inorganic fertilizers along with Farm Yard Manures increased the Mean weight diameter (MWD) and Geometric mean weight diameter (GMD) over control. The available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) extractable micronutrients cation were optimum in 100% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium + Farm Yard Manures applied treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During production of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), process waste water is generated in several production stages. Process wastewater is usually disposed of via waste water treatment plants. However, due to low biodegradability of DTPA in conventional waste water treatment, incineration constitutes the current method of choice. The main disadvantage of incineration is high consumption of primary energy sources leading to substantial emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, an alternative method of process waste water treatment was investigated, which consists of an initial application of ozone and a subsequent biological treatment. In 2009, preliminary laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the elimination of DTPA in process waste water. Based on the initial results, the responsible authorities granted approval for large-scale ozonation of DTPA-containing wastewater in 2011. Additional laboratory scale experiments were carried out to assess the elimination of the target compound and the generation of its main transformation products using liquid chromatography – high resolution mass spectrometry. Through application of the postulated method, the concentration of DTPA and its derivatives can be reduced to levels assuring safe discharge into the receiving water. Additionally, a comparison of CO2 emissions showed that ozonation is an ecological alternative to incineration and, most likely, an economical as well, based on the local prices of primary energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work the synthesis, physicochemical properties and biological evaluation of cefepime (CFM) labelled with technetium-99m were studied. Two different synthesis routes of DTPA-CFM as well as the radiolabelling conditions were described. Radiochemical purity of the radioconjugates determined using radio-TLC and HPLC methods with radiochemical detection was higher than 95%. The obtained [99mTc]Tc-DTPA-CFM radioconjugate is highly hydrophilic (logD = − 4.00 ± 0.14) and positively charged. It is completely stable in the presence of an excess of cysteine or histidine, acceptably stable in human serum and shows satisfactorily binding to the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. Based on our results the [99mTc]Tc-DTPA-CFM radioconjugate may be considered to be a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for detection of staphylococcal infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Used as high‐performance electrodes, both structural and compositional alterations of carbon materials play very important roles in energy conversion/storage devices. Especially in supercapacitors, hierarchical pores and heteroatom doping in carbon materials are indispensable. Here the rambutan‐like hierarchically porous carbon microspheres (PCMs) have been constructed via a hydrothermal treatment, followed by carbonization/activation. The hierarchically porous microstructure is composed of three‐dimensional porous carbon networks, which give rise to a large surface area. Moreover, N and O functional groups are introduced in the as‐prepared samples, which could generate the extra pseudocapacitance. Benefitting from the interconnected hierarchical and open structure, PCM exhibits outstanding capacitive performance, for example, superior specific capacitance and rate capability (397 and 288 F g−1 at 0.5 and 20 A g−1, respectively), as well as long cycling stability (about 95% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). These encouraging results may pave an efficient way to fabricate advanced supercapacitors in the future.

Release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is one of the neutrophils’ mechanisms involved in the response to infection. NETs are released from the cell in response to a biological or synthetic stimulus to entrap, immobilize and kill pathogens. Metal ions and metal binding proteins were identified in the structure of NETs, but their role in NET release remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess how lack of iron and zinc generated by ion sequestration using chelators affects NET release. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood or buffy coats of healthy blood donors by density gradient centrifugation and incubated with zinc chelators: 20 µM N,N,N,N-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), 40 µM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or iron chelators: 400 µM deferoxamine mesylate salt (DFO) and 50 µM iminodiacetic acid (IDA). Next, 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was added to stimulate release of NETs. The amount of released DNA was measured by fluorometry and NETs were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. This study demonstrates that iron and zinc chelators are able to modulate NET release. Here we show that preincubation of neutrophils with TPEN and IDA inhibits NET release in cells stimulated with PMA. On the other hand, DFO stimulates NET release. Incubation of cells with DTPA does not affect release of NETs.

Thorium-232 (Th-232) is a promising fuel for advanced nuclear reactors. However, in case of internal human exposure to Th, there is currently no effective modality for its removal from liver and skeleton or for mitigating its effect. The FDA-approved agent, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), can remove Th and other actinides from blood circulation only. For the first time, a rationally-selected polyherbal hepatoprotective i.e. Liv52® (L52S), was evaluated in-combination with DTPA for its Th decorporation ability in Swiss mice. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopic analysis showed that oral administration of L52S in conjunction with DTPA significantly decreased Th burden from liver (20 %) and skeleton (33 %) as well as enhanced Th excretion (∼2.5 folds) through urine in comparison to DTPA or L52S alone. The combinatorial therapy was found to be complementary in-action, ameliorating Th-induced tissue damage in liver, spleen, and bone more effectively than monotherapy. Furthermore, markers of liver function (alanine transaminase) and liver inflammation and fibrosis (NF-κB & keratin) further validated the beneficial effect of L52S. The human consumption of L52S for various liver disorders further supports its clinical application for Th decorporation and mitigation of its health effects. [Display omitted] ● L52S in-combination with DTPA enhanced urinary excretion of Th by 2.4 fold. ● L52S + DTPA significantly decreased Th in liver and skeleton (20-33 %). ● L52S + DTPA profoundly mitigated Th-induced damage in target organs. ● L52S remarkably reduced (20 %) markers of liver inflammation and fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper contamination of water is one of the most pressing environmental problems which has attracted extensive concern in recent decades. In this study, a series of magnetic adsorbents were synthesized by two-step modified cellulose with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (KH-792) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) using for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption performance of Cu(II) was systematically investigated under various treatment conditions as the effect of solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was found to match better with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the equilibrium adsorption data were well described by Langmuir model, which meant predominant governance of monolayer chemical adsorption. The analysis of FTIR and XPS confirmed the possible adsorption mechanism between Cu(II) and the synthesized adsorbents was electrostatic attraction and the chemical coordination. Compared with MCCs and APMC, DPMC showed higher adsorption capacity of Cu(II), reaching maximum adsorption capacity of 298.62 mg·g−1 at pH 6. Given this, ease of preparation, low cost and excellent reusability, DPMC will be promising adsorbent for application in Cu(II) removal from wastewater. [Display omitted] • Silane-DTPA-modified magnetic cellulose (DPMC) was synthesized for Cu(II) removal. • The functional groups were introduced onto the surface of cellulose under mild conditions. • Mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption was electrostatic attraction and chemical coordination. • DPMC showed high Cu(II) removal efficiency and excellent reusability. • Maximum adsorption capacity of DPMC for Cu(II) was 298.62 mg·g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical limit (CL) determination of zinc (Zn) is much more important to assess the response of crop to its application in soils and for crops actual fertilizer requirement. This experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore in sandy clay loam texture soils. Based on the results of the pot culture experiment, the critical limits of DTPA, AB-DTPA, Mehlich-3, tomato plant and tomato fruit are 1.12, 1.20, 2.15, 34 and 58 mg kg−1, respectively. Tomato was highly responded to Zn application in soils below the critical limit whereas soils with Zn greater than 1.12 mg kg−1 did not respond much. For the confirmation of pot culture results, two field experiments were carried out during 2017–18 with different Zn treatments one in high and other in low zinc soils. The study concluded that for both low zinc and high zinc soils external application of zinc through Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha−1 as soil application (SA) + foliar application (FA) @ 0.50% ZnSO4 and RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 as SA + FA @ 0.25% ZnSO4 significantly improved yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of nutrients, which helped in getting higher benefit cost (B:C) ratio of 4.74 and 4.96, respectively. This information is helpful in site-specific zinc nutrition in tomato and to enhance the productivity and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In case of an incident in the nuclear industry or an act of war or terrorism, the dissemination of plutonium could contaminate the environment and, hence, humans. Human contamination mainly occurs via inhalation and/or wounding (and, less likely, ingestion). In such cases, plutonium, if soluble, reaches circulation, whereas the poorly soluble fraction (such as small colloids) is trapped in alveolar macrophages or remains at the site of wounding. Once in the blood, the plutonium is delivered to the liver and/or to the bone, particularly into its mineral part, mostly composed of hydroxyapatite. Countermeasures against plutonium exist and consist of intravenous injections or inhalation of diethylenetetraminepentaacetate salts. Their effectiveness is, however, mainly confined to the circulating soluble forms of plutonium. Furthermore, the short bioavailability of diethylenetetraminepentaacetate results in its rapid elimination. To overcome these limitations and to provide a complementary approach to this common therapy, we developed polymeric analogs to indirectly target the problematic retention sites. We present herein a first study regarding the decontamination abilities of polyethyleneimine methylcarboxylate (structural diethylenetetraminepentaacetate polymer analog) and polyethyleneimine methylphosphonate (phosphonate polymeric analog) directed against Th(IV), used here as a Pu(IV) surrogate, which was incorporated into hydroxyapatite used as a bone model. Our results suggest that polyethylenimine methylphosphonate could be a good candidate for powerful bone decontamination action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical and mechanical properties of paper sheets were compared following treatment with biopolymers using two different methods, i.e., internal functionalization and surface modification. Industrial chemimechanical pulp was provided, and two groups of paper handsheets were made. The first group of paper sheet samples were prepared with incorporated chitosan in a mixed-in-pulp slurry (at three treatment levels, i.e., 0%, 1%, and 2%), and in the second group, untreated handsheets were spray-coated with either 2% chitosan, 2% nanocellulose, 0.5% DTPA, or a mixed solution (0.5% DTPA + 2% chitosan + 2% nanocellulose). Then, the optical and mechanical properties of the prepared paper sheets were analyzed. The brightness, opacity, and greenness/redness of the samples were measured spectrophotometrically using the CIELab system. Additional properties of the paper, i.e., the water absorption, air permeability, and tear, tensile, and burst resistance, of the treated samples were also measured. The results indicated that the treatments had a considerable effect on the relative mechanical and optical parameters, which resulted in an increase in the mechanical properties, especially when the nano-particles were applied to the mixedin-slurry process. Inversely, results from the spray-coating method indicated better results for the optical specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dye removal from polluted water is vital from a sustainable viewpoint. In this study, we investigated the influence of chitosan molecular weight on the adsorption of basic blue 41. Nanocomposite (NC(M)) was prepared using magnetite nanoparticles modified by amino-silica, medium-molecular weight chitosan, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and graphene oxide. FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA/DTG, VSM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm were applied to characterize NC(M). Its effectiveness for the dye adsorption was compared with the adsorbent having low-molecular weight chitosan (NC(L)) (Asadabadi 2021). In this regard, the effect of initial pH, temperature and adsorbent concentration on the dye removal was investigated by Central Composite Design. The maximum percentage of dye removal was 31% for NC(M) at optimum conditions. An increase in the monomer number of chitosan caused to increase in the contact angle and decrease in the hydrophilic property of NC(M). Thus, it had a very low dye adsorption. However, NC(L) led to dye removal of 95%. It was proposed that NC(L) adsorbed dye by coulumbic attraction, π-stacking interactions and H-bonding. The NC(L) kinetics data were satisfactorily fitted by the modified pseudo-n-order model. About 30 min necessitated reaching the equilibrium and the rate-limiting steps changed from the film diffusion to intra-particle diffusion as time passed. The modified Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm was the best model to reproduce equilibrium data and the maximum adsorption capacity was equal to 55.87 mg·g−1. Besides, NC(L) was recovered seven times without dramatic changes in its adsorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcone derivatives have been successfully utilized for a range of biological applications and can cross the blood–brain barrier easily. β-amyloid-specific bis-chalcone derivative, 6,9-bis(carboxymethyl)-14-(4-[(E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy)-3-(2-[(2-(4-[(E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl]phenoxy)ethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl)-11-oxo-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanoic acid, DT(Ch)2, was analyzed using molecular modeling to explain the binding modes of the ligand with amyloid fibril and monomer followed by 99mTc-complexation in 95% yield and 98.7% efficiency. High-binding specificity of the radiocomplex was established following in vitro evaluation against 100-fold excess of DT(Ch)2. 99mTc–DT(Ch)2 exhibited 40% in the cingulate cortex followed by >25% in the hippocampus, a distribution pattern aligned to Alzheimer’s affected brain regions. Radiocomplex also displayed rapid plasma clearance followed by hepatobolic and renal modes of excretion.

In most geologic applications, if barite is present, it must be separated from zircon to enable analysis of the zircon. Current methods of barite removal include mechanical comminution in a ball mill or conversion to barium carbonate by boiling in an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Both procedures have potentially serious drawbacks. We optimized an alternative technique for barite removal to avoid these shortcomings. In repeated experiments, boiling in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and 6 wt% potassium carbonate for one hour dissolved about 90% of sand-size barite grains. Examination of barite after boiling in DTPA solution revealed evidence for attacks on crystal surfaces in the form of microscopic scallops and pits. In contrast, zircon crystal surfaces were not detectably altered at the microscopic scale by a boiling solution of DTPA and potassium carbonate. The DTPA and potassium carbonate solution procedure may be superior to the other two barite removal methods in two ways. First, it might not introduce bias into the sample, in contrast to both of the other two methods. Second, it requires less time than the sodium carbonate solution technique. If future research shows that the DTPA and potassium carbonate solution technique does not affect isotopic systems in zircon, this method appears to be a favorable alternative to both milling and boiling in sodium carbonate solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paramagnetic lanthanide complexes with polyaminopolycarboxylate (PAPC) ligands attract considerable attention from the standpoint of potential applications thereof as relaxation agents used in medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in luminescent materials, as well as owing to promising use thereof as paramagnetic labels for studying the properties of biopolymers since they exhibit thermodynamic stability, good solubility in aqueous media and moderate toxicity. For the last decades, the NMR methods have been used to determine the physical and chemical properties of paramagnetic Ln compounds. The studies concerning paramagnetic NMR lanthanide-induced shifts (LISs) in dissolved Ln complexes, as well as the analysis of band shape as a function of temperature make it possible to obtain valuable information on the structure, intra- and intermolecular dynamics and paramagnetic properties thereof. This review is devoted solely to the following features: firstly, the processes of intramolecular dynamics of lanthanide complexes with polyamino-polycarboxylate ligands such as DOTA, EDTA and DTPA and their derivatives studied by NMR; secondly, the LISs of lanthanide complexes with EDTA, DOTA, DTPA and some of their derivatives depending on temperature and pH. Moreover, in this review, for the first time, the dependence of the activation energy of molecular dynamics in complexes with polydentate ligands on the atomic number of the lanthanide cation is analyzed and a monotonic change in energy is detected, which is due to the effect of lanthanide contraction. It should be noted that this phenomenon is quite general and may also appear in the future in many other series of lanthanide complexes with both other multidentate ligands and with bidentate and monodentate ligands. In the future, it is possible to predict the dependence of the properties of certain lanthanide complexes on the ionic radius of the lanthanide cation based on the approaches presented in the review. In this review, we have also presented the dynamic NMR as the main research method widely used to analyze the processes of molecular dynamics, and the structural studies based on the NMR relaxation spectroscopy and LIS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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