234 results on '"DS Chauhan"'
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2. Assessment of biomass and carbon stock along altitudes in a traditional agroforestry system in Tehri district, of Uttarakhand, India
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Vikrant, Kundan Kumar, DS Chauhan, and Raza H Rizvi
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- 2021
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3. Carbon storage potential along altitudes in agrisilviculture system in Chamba block, Tehri district, Uttarakhand, India
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Vikrant, Kundan Kumar, DS Chauhan, and Raza H Rizvi
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- 2021
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4. Assessment of area and carbon storage potential under agroforestry along altitudes in Tehri district, Uttarakhand, North Western Himalaya, India
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Vikrant, Kundan Kumar, DS Chauhan, and Raza H Rizvi
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- 2020
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5. Studies on Reproductive Performance of Gaolao Cattle in the Breeding Tract of Maharashtra
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RU, Wagh, primary, BM, Thombre, additional, and DS, Chauhan, additional
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- 2020
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6. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. as NTFP for livelihood and economic security in Uttarakhand Garhwal Himalaya
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DS Chauhan, Lal, Pankaj, and A.K. Sharma
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- 2017
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7. Regeneration and Plant Diversity of Natural and Planted Forest in the Dudwa National Park, India
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DS CHAUHAN, NP TODARIA, BHUPENDRA SINGH, SHASHI CHAUHAN, CS DHANAI and MA KHALID
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lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science - Abstract
Regeneration and Plant Diversity of Natural and Planted Forest in the Dudwa National Park, India
- Published
- 2014
8. Multiple Limbal Cysts: An Unusual Presentation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Conjunctiva
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Hasan, Shahud, primary, Pathak, Ashok, additional, Ish, Somya, additional, and DS, Chauhan, additional
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- 2016
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9. Comparison of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tube method with the conventional method and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Deepak Kumar Mendiratta, Pratibha Narang, Rahul Narang, DS Chauhan, S Rantai, M Chahar, and U Raut
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Microbiology (medical) ,MTT ,Genotype ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Antitubercular Agents ,Tetrazolium Salts ,Drug resistance ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,DNA sequencing ,lcsh:Microbiology ,law.invention ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,law ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Gene ,Polymerase chain reaction ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,rpoB ,rpoB gene ,Molecular biology ,Thiazoles ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Phenotype ,Colorimetry ,Rifampin - Abstract
Colorimetric methods are cheap, reproducible, and rapid methods of detecting drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method is one such technique that has been established in our laboratory to detect rifampicin resistance. The present study compared the results of the MTT method with those of the proportion method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) in order to establish sensitivity and specificity of MTT. The mutations for rifampicin resistance occur in rpoB gene, and the commonest reported are in codons 526 and 531. Therefore, RTPCR was targeted at these two codons. The concordance of MTT with the proportion method and RTPCR was 94 and 72.77%, respectively, and that of RTPCR with the proportion method was 77.77%. While the study confirmed that the MTT method is a good method for detecting rifampicin resistance, it also brought out the fact that RTPCR when targeted for limited mutations is not a good tool. Either the genotypic method used should target the total 81-bp rpoB genome or methods such as DNA sequencing should be used. For resource-constraint laboratories, the MTT method can be considered as a better choice.
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- 2012
10. Design of reactive power procurement in deregulated electricity market
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KG Upadhyay, A Singh, and DS Chauhan
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Microeconomics ,Deregulation ,Procurement ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,Electricity market ,Context (language use) ,Maximization ,AC power ,Function (engineering) ,Reliability engineering ,Power (physics) ,media_common - Abstract
Reactive power management is required to support real power shipment, providing reserve for voltage security and supplying reactive loads. Reactive power management is different in the deregulated electricity market of various countries. In this paper, a novel reactive power procurement model is proposed, which ensure secure and reliable operation of deregulated electricity market. Various issues of reactive power management in the deregulated electricity market have been discussed. A reactive power bid, reactive capability of a generator has been discussed in the context of procurement reactive power model. A two level framework of the reactive power is proposed. The first-level of the proposed model, i.e. reactive power procurement, to be done on (few months ahead)advance basis from real time operation with an objective of minimization of reactive generation cost followed by maximization of its Societal Advantage Function(SAF) while considering the second-level, i.e., reactive power dispatch in tandem with real-time operation. The IEEE 24-bus RTS test system is used to illustrate the proposed reactive power procurement. The offers of generation have been considered by minimization of reactive generation cost followed by maximization of Societal Advantage Function.
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- 2011
11. Recent advances in molecular biology of leprosy
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Vm, Katoch, Lavania M, Ds, Chauhan, Sharma R, Hirawati Deval, and Katoch K
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Mycobacterium leprae ,RNA, Ribosomal ,Drug Design ,Leprosy ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Humans ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed rapid progress in understanding the molecular biology of Mycobacterium leprae. Following the availability of complete genome sequence of leprosy bacillus in 2001, things have drastically changed. With the information about genetic structure, several techniques have been developed for diagnosis, molecular epidemiology and also detection of drug resistance. With the decline in the prevalence of leprosy globally, there has been some reduction in interest in the molecular methods for diagnosis, yet molecular techniques for studying the transmission dynamics and detection of drug resistance continue to be relevant. Knowledge about complete genome sequence has made it possible to undertake studies that can improve our understanding of the structure and function of this enigmatic organism. Newer information emerging about biology of M. leprae would provide insight into mechanisms of its survival and persistence in host and is likely to lead to better diagnostics and also therapeutics for mycobacterial infections in general.
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- 2007
12. Detection of M. leprae by reverse transcription- PCR in biopsy specimens from leprosy cases: a preliminary study
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Hirawati Deval, Katoch K, Ds, Chauhan, Hb, Singh, Vd, Sharma, Singh M, Kashyap M, and Vm, Katoch
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Mycobacterium leprae ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Biopsy ,Leprosy ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Humans ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Skin - Abstract
A reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium leprae has been used to detect M.leprae specific nucleic acids. This study has been initiated to gain experience about detection of RNA from seven biopsy specimens by RT-PCR assay using species- specific primers described earlier. These biopsy specimens were from clinically confirmed and untreated leprosy cases belonging to BB and BL types. The earlier reported method was established in our laboratory. 171 bp fragment by RT-PCR was amplified from 4/7 cases. The positives results by RT-PCR were from the biopsies from fresh or short term treated cases whereas negative results were from specimens from long term treated cases showing clinical features of relapse. DNA targeting PCR (36 KDa) showed positivity in both groups. These results suggest that RT-PCR positivity possibly reflect the presence of viable organisms. Thus as earlier predicted RT-PCR assay may be useful for viability determinations for assessing the response to chemotherapy as well as presence of persisters in relapse cases.
13. Stimuli Responsive Molecular Exchange of Structure Directing Agents on Gold Nanobipyramids: Cancer Cell Detection and Synergistic Therapeutics.
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Jain NK, Pallod S, Peng B, Kumari R, Chauhan DS, Dhanka M, Aung Win EH, Teitell MA, Chandra P, Srivastava R, and Prasad R
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- Humans, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Biocompatible Materials pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Materials Testing, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Liberation, Molecular Structure, Gold chemistry, Gold pharmacology, Doxorubicin pharmacology, Doxorubicin chemistry, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Particle Size
- Abstract
Surface-engineered gold nanoparticles have been considered as versatile systems for theranostics applications. Moreover, surface covering or stabilizing agents on gold nanoparticles especially gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) provides an extra space for cargo molecules entrapment. However, it is not well studied yet and also the preparation of AuNBPs still remains dependent largely on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cytotoxic surfactant. Therefore, the direct use of CTAB stabilized nanoparticles is not recommended for cancer theranostics applications. Herein, we address an approach of dodecyl ethyl dimethylammonium bromide (DMAB) as biocompatible structure directing agent for AuNBPs, which also accommodate anticancer drug doxorubicin (45%), an additional chemotherapeutics agent. Upon near-infrared light (NIR, 808 nm) exposure, engineered AuNBPs exhibit (i) better phototransduction (51 °C) due to NIR absorption ability (650-900 nm), (ii) photo triggered drug release (more than 80%), and (iii) synergistic chemophototherapy for breast cancer cells. Drug release response has been evaluated in tumor microenvironment conditions (84% in acidic pH and 80% at high GSH) due to protonation and high affinity of thiol binding with AuNBPs followed by DMAB replacement. Intracellular glutathione (GSH, 5-7.5 mM) replaces DMAB from AuNBPs, which cause easy aggregation of nanoparticles as corroborated by colorimetric shifts, suggesting their utilization as a molecular sensing probe of early stage cancer biomarkers. Our optimized recipe yield is monodisperse DMAB-AuNBPs with ∼90% purity even at large scales (500 mL volume per batch). DMAB-AuNBPs show better cell viability (more than 90%) across all concentrations (5-500 ug/mL) when directly compared to CTAB-AuNBPs (less than 10%). Our findings show the potential of DMAB-AuNBPs for early stage cancer detection and theranostics applications.
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- 2024
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14. Exploring microalgal nutrient-light synergy to enhance CO 2 utilization and lipid productivity in sustainable long-term water recycling cultivation.
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Chauhan DS and Mohanty K
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- Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Biomass, Nitrogen metabolism, Phosphorus metabolism, Nutrients, Lipids, Microalgae metabolism
- Abstract
In this work the effects of nutrient availability and light conditions on CO
2 utilization and lipid production in Micractinium pusillum KMC8 is reported. The study investigated the ideal nitrogen concentrations for growth and nitrogen utilization in a 15% CO2 environment. Logistic and Gompertz models were employed to analyze the kinetics of KMC8 cell growth. Compared to 17.6 mmol L-1 control nitrogen, which generated 1.6 g L-1 growth, doubling and quadrupling nitrogen concentrations boosted biomass growth by 12.5% and 28.78%. At 8.6 mmol L-1 nitrogen, the growth decreased but lipid productivity increased to 18.62 mg L-1 day-1 . At 70.6 mmol L-1 nitrogen, elevated nitrogen levels maintained an alkaline pH above 7 and enhanced CO2 mitigation, achieving 2.27% CO2 utilization efficiency. Nitrogen shows a positive correlation with higher rates of carbon and nitrogen fixation. The investigation extends to find out the influence of phosphorus and light conditions on microalgae. Increasing light intensity incrementally from 150 to 1200 μmol m-2 s-1 with more phosphorus increased biomass productivity by 85% (255 mg L-1 day-1 ) and lipid productivity by 2.5-fold (84.76 mg L-1 day-1 ), with 3.3% CO2 utilization efficiency compared to directly using 1200 μmol m-2 s-1 . This study suggests a water recycling-fed batch cycle with gradual light feeding, which results in high CO2 fixation (1.1 g L-1 day-1 ), 7% CO2 utilization, and significant biomass and lipid productivity (577.23 and 150 mg L-1 day-1 ). This approach promotes lipid synthesis, maintains carbon fixation, and minimizes biomass loss, thus supporting sustainable bioenergy development in a circular bio-economy framework., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with any one whether financial and/or technical in the following work submitted to JEMA., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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15. Recurring SARS-CoV-2 variants: an update on post-pandemic, co-infections and immune response.
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Verma A, Manojkumar A, Dhasmana A, Tripathi MK, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Chauhan DS, and Yallapu MM
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Pandemics, Protein Subunit Vaccines, COVID-19, Coinfection
- Abstract
The post-pandemic era following the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has brought about persistent concerns regarding recurring coinfections. While significant strides in genome mapping, diagnostics, and vaccine development have controlled the pandemic and reduced fatalities, ongoing virus mutations necessitate a deeper exploration of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the host's immune response. Various vaccines, including RNA-based ones like Pfizer and Moderna, viral vector vaccines like Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca, and protein subunit vaccines like Novavax, have played critical roles in mitigating the impact of COVID-19. Understanding their strengths and limitations is crucial for tailoring future vaccines to specific variants and individual needs. The intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the immune response remains a focus of intense research, providing insights into personalized treatment strategies and long-term effects like long-COVID. This article offers an overview of the post-pandemic landscape, highlighting emerging variants, summarizing vaccine platforms, and delving into immunological responses and the phenomenon of long-COVID. By presenting clinical findings, it aims to contribute to the ongoing understanding of COVID-19's progression in the aftermath of the pandemic., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)
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- 2024
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16. Emerging role of exosomes as a liquid biopsy tool for diagnosis, prognosis & monitoring treatment response of communicable & non-communicable diseases.
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Yadav R, Singh AV, Kushwaha S, and Chauhan DS
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- Humans, Liquid Biopsy methods, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Exosomes genetics, Exosomes pathology, Noncommunicable Diseases
- Abstract
Abstract: From an initial thought of being used as a cellular garbage bin to a promising target for liquid biopsies, the role of exosomes has drastically evolved in just a few years of their discovery in 1983. Exosomes are naturally secreted nano-sized vesicles, abundant in all types of body fluids and can be isolated intact even from the stored biological samples. Being stable carriers of genetic material (cellular DNA, mRNA and miRNA) and having specific cargo (signature content of originating cells), exosomes play a crucial role in pathogenesis and have been identified as a novel source of biomarkers in a variety of disease conditions. Recently exosomes have emerged as a promising 'liquid biopsy tool'and have shown great potential in the field of non-invasive disease diagnostics, prognostics and treatment response monitoring in both communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. However, there are certain limitations to overcome which restrict the use of exosome-based liquid biopsy as a gold standard testing procedure in routine clinical practices. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of exosomes as the liquid biopsy tool in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response monitoring in communicable and non-communicable diseases and highlights the major limitations, technical advancements and future prospects of the utilization of exosome-based liquid biopsy in clinical interventions., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Medical Research.)
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- 2024
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17. Oleogelation based on plant waxes: characterization and food applications.
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Thakur D, Singh A, Suhag R, Dhiman A, and Chauhan DS
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Fats contribute majorly to food flavour, mouthfeel, palatability, texture, and aroma. Though solid fats are used for food formulation due to the processing benefits over oils, their negative health effects should not be overlooked. Oleogelation is thus used to transform liquid oil into a gel which function like fats and provide the nutritional benefits of oils. Additionally, only food-grade gelators convert the oils into solid-like, self-standing, three-dimensional gel networks. Rice bran wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, and sunflower wax are mainly used plant waxes for formulating oleogels as a result of their low cost, availability, and excellent gelling ability. A comprehensive information about the wax based oleogels, their characteristics and applications is needed. The present review discusses the effect of different plant-based waxes on the properties of the oleogel formed. The article provides information on how the physical and chemical properties of waxes impact the oleogel properties such as oil binding capacity, critical concentration, rheological, thermal, textural, morphological, and oxidative stability. Moreover, the current and potential applications of oleogels in the food sector have also been covered this article., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe author and co-authors declare no conflict of interest., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
- Published
- 2023
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18. Pathophysiology to advanced intra-articular drug delivery strategies: Unravelling rheumatoid arthritis.
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Singh H, Dan A, Kumawat MK, Pawar V, Chauhan DS, Kaushik A, Bhatia D, Srivastava R, and Dhanka M
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- Humans, Joints metabolism, Joints pathology, Drug Delivery Systems, Inflammation pathology, Biocompatible Materials therapeutic use, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid pathology
- Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent life-long autoimmune diseases with an unknown genesis. It primarily causes chronic inflammation, pain, and synovial joint-associated cartilage and bone degradation. Unfortunately, limited information is available regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of this chronic joint disorder. In the last few decades, an improved understanding of RA pathophysiology about key immune cells, antibodies, and cytokines has inspired the development of several anti-rheumatic drugs and biopharmaceuticals to act on RA-affected joints. However, life-long frequent systemic high doses of commercially available drugs are currently a limiting factor in the efficient management of RA. To address this issue, various single and double-barrier intra-articular drug delivery systems (IA-DDSs) such as nanocarriers, microparticles, hydrogels, and particles-hybrid hydrogel composite have been developed which can exclusively target the RA-affected joint cavity and release the precisely controlled therapeutic drug concentration for prolonged time whilst avoiding the systemic toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of RA and discusses the rational design and development of biomaterials-based novel IA-DDs, ranging from conventional to advanced systems, for improved treatment of RA. Therefore, this review aims to unravel the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and explore cutting-edge IA-DD strategies exploiting biomaterials. It offers researchers a consolidated and up-to-date resource platform to analyze existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and contribute to the scientific literature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Dominant negative biologics normalise the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) induced angiogenesis which exploits the Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination.
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Davuluri KS, Singh AK, Yadav VK, Singh AV, Singh SV, and Chauhan DS
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- Animals, Guinea Pigs, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Chemokines, Inflammation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Biological Products
- Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to promote T cell migration and increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chemokines. The administration of Xpro-1595, a dominant-negative TNF (DN-TNF) engineered to selectively inactivate soluble TNF (solTNF), has been extensively studied and proven effective in reducing TNF production without suppressing innate immunity during infection. The literature also supports the involvement of glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR+) chemokines and VEGF in angiogenesis and the spread of infections., Materials and Methods: In this study, we administered Xpro-1595 to guinea pigs to selectively inhibit solTNF, aiming to assess its impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) dissemination, bacterial growth attenuation, and immunological responses. We conducted immunohistochemical analyses, immunological assays, and colony enumeration to comprehensively study the effects of Xpro-1595 by comparing with anti-TB drugs treated M.tb infected guinea pigs. Throughout the infection and treatment period, we measured the levels of Interleukin-12 subunit alpha (IL-12), Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), TNF, Tumor growth factor (TGF), and T lymphocytes using ELISA., Results: Our findings revealed a reduction in M.tb dissemination and inflammation without compromising the immune response during Xpro-1595 treatment. Notably, Xpro-1595 therapy effectively regulated the expression of VEGFA and ELR + chemokines, which emerged as key factors contributing to infection dissemination. Furthermore, this treatment influenced the migration of CD4 T cells in the early stages of infection, subsequently leading to a reduced T cell response and controlled proinflammatory signalling, thus mitigating inflammation., Conclusion: Our study underscores the pivotal role of solTNF in the dissemination of M.tb to other organs. This preliminary investigation sheds light on the involvement of solTNF in the mechanisms underlying M.tb dissemination, although further in-depth research is warranted to fully elucidate its role in this process., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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20. Atorvastatin Potentially Reduces Mycobacterial Severity through Its Action on Lipoarabinomannan and Drug Permeability in Granulomas.
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Davuluri KS, Singh AK, Singh AV, Chaudhary P, Raman SK, Kushwaha S, Singh SV, and Chauhan DS
- Abstract
The majority of preclinical research has shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can modify host lipids in various ways. To boost its intramacrophage survival, M. tuberculosis causes host lipids to build up, resulting in the development of lipid-laden foam cells. M. tuberculosis binds to and enters the macrophage via the cell membrane cholesterol. Aggregation of cholesterol in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis and an increase in vascularity at the granuloma site reduce the permeability of rifampicin and isoniazid concentrations. However, very few studies have assessed the effect of statins on drug penetration. Here, we used atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, to observe its effect on the bacterial burden by increasing the drug concentration at the infection site. We looked into how atorvastatin could be used in conjunction with first-line drugs to promote drug permeation. In this study, we detected an accumulation of drugs at the peripheral sites of the lungs and impaired drug distribution to the diseased sites. The efficacy of antituberculosis drugs, with atorvastatin as an adjunct, on the viability of M. tuberculosis cells was demonstrated. A nontoxic statin dosage established phenotypic and normal granuloma vasculature and showed an additive effect with rifampicin and isoniazid. Our data show that statins help to reduce the tuberculosis bacterial burden. Our findings reveal that the bacterial load is connected with impaired drug permeability resulting from lipid accumulation in the bacterial cell wall. Statin therapy combined with antituberculosis medications have the potential to improve treatment in tuberculosis patients. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis binds to and enters the macrophage via the cell membrane cholesterol. M. tuberculosis limits phagosomal maturation and activation without engaging in phagocytosis. Aggregation of cholesterol in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis and an increase in the vascularity at the granuloma site reduce the permeability of rifampicin and isoniazid concentrations. However, very few studies have assessed the effect of statins on drug penetration, which can be increased through a reduction in cholesterol and vascularity. Herein, we used atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, to observe its effect on bacterial burden through increasing the drug concentration at the infection site. Our main research goal is to diminish mycobacterial dissemination and attenuate bacterial growth by increasing drug permeability.
- Published
- 2023
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21. Low-latency and High-Reliability FBMC Modulation scheme using Optimized Filter design for enabling NextG Real-time Smart Healthcare Applications.
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Adarsh A, Pathak S, Chauhan DS, and Kumar B
- Abstract
This paper presents a prototype filter design using the orthant optimization technique to assist a filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation scheme of a NextG smart e-healthcare network framework. Low latency and very high reliability are one of the main requirements of a real-time e-healthcare system. In recent times, FBMC modulation has gotten more attention due to its spectral efficiency. The characteristics of a filter bank are determined by t's, prototype filter. A prototype filter cannot be designed to achieve an arbitrary time localization (for low latency) and frequency localization (spectral efficiency), as time and frequency spreading are conflicting goals. Hence, an optimum design needed to be achieved. In this paper, a constraint for perfect or nearly perfect reconstruction is formulated for prototype filter design and an orthant-based enriched sparse ℓ1-optimization method is applied to achieve the optimum performance in terms of higher availability of subcarrier spacing for the given requirement of signal-to-interference ratio. Larger subcarrier spacing ensures lower latency and better performance in real-time applications. The proposed FBMC system, based on an optimum design of the prototype filter, also supports a higher data rate as compared to traditional FBMC and OFDM systems, which is another requirement of real-time communication. In this paper, the solution for the different technical issues of physical layer design is provided. The presented modulation scheme through the proposed prototype filter-based FBMC can suppress the side lobe energy of the constituted filters up to large extent without compromising the recovery of the signal at the receiver end. The proposed system provides very high spectral efficiency; it can sacrifice large guard band frequencies to increase the subcarrier spacing to provide low-latency communication to support the real-time e-healthcare network., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors Dr. Abhinav Adarsh and Dr. Basant Kumar declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper titled; “Low Latency and High Reliability FBMC Modulation Scheme using Optimized Filter Design for enabling NextG Real Time Smart Healthcare Applications”., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
- Published
- 2023
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22. Bacterial dissemination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by CD+ T-cells & proinflammatory cytokines.
- Author
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Davuluri KS, Singh SV, and Chauhan DS
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- Animals, Guinea Pigs, T-Lymphocytes, Pilot Projects, Inflammation, Cytokines, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Abstract
Background & Objectives: As CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers decline, the conventional, localized forms of tuberculosis shift to the atypical, disseminated forms. Variations in lymphocyte and immune cell expression levels affect how tuberculosis manifests in disseminated forms. Understanding the relationship between lymphocyte counts (CD4+ and CD8+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 and interferon, we may therefore be able to shed light on how infections spread and suggest potential biomarkers for these immune factors., Methods: In this study, 15 guinea pigs were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv strain and grouped into three groups of five each for further investigation. Serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell subsets in guinea pigs infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis., Results: We found that M.tb escapes macrophages due to pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. Despite the protective immunity created by T-cells and cytokines, M.tb bacilli may spread to other organs due to inflammation induced by these immune components. A high number of T-cells and stimulated cytokine production are involved in triggering inflammation after necrotic tissue develops and tuberculosis spreads., Interpretation & Conclusions: Our findings imply that increased bacilli in the spleen at the 8
th wk of infection may be caused by the overexpression of CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte subsets and cytokines that generated inflammation during the 4th wk of infection. This is a pilot study with a small sample size and less assertive inference. Larger studies would be helpful to validate the results of the present investigation.- Published
- 2023
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23. Exploring modulations in T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell signaling events in systemic circulation and at local disease site of patients with tubercular pleural effusion: An attempt to understand tuberculosis pathogenesis at the local disease site.
- Author
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Sharma B, Rathour D, Uddin S, Joshi B, Chauhan DS, and Kumar S
- Abstract
Introduction: T cells are crucial for pathogenesis as well as control for tuberculosis (TB). Although much is known about the signaling pathways which are required for the activation of T cells during acute infection but the way these cells respond during persistent of infection still remained elusive. Therefore, it is rationale to understand T cell activation during tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), which is similar to bacterial persistency system., Methods: Herein, we will employ T cell receptor (TCR) based approaches for studying events of T cell activation pathways in cells of blood and pleural fluid among patients with TPE. We performed spectrofluorimetric analysis to study effect of M. tuberculosis antigens, ESAT-6 and Ag85A stimulation on intracellular calcium levels, Phosphorylation levels of ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70), PKC-θ (Protein kinase C theta), Erk1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2) and p-38 two important members of MAPKs (Mitogen activated Protein kinases) in CD3 and CD28 induced cells of blood and pleural fluid of same patients with TPE by western blotting. Patients with non-TPE were also included as matching disease controls in this study., Results: We observed significantly higher intracellular calcium levels, Phosphorylation levels of ZAP-70, Erk1/2 and p-38 in CD3 and CD28 induced cells of pleural fluid as compared to the blood cells of same patients with TPE. Alteration in the activation of these events has also been noted after stimulation of ESAT-6 and Ag85A., Discussion: Present study demonstrated up-regulated activation of TCR mediated T cell signaling events at local disease site (Pleural fluid) as compared to the blood sample of TB pleurisy patients which could be involved in T-cell dysfunctioning during the progression of the disease and also could be responsible for Th 1 dominance at local disease site in patients with TPE., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Rathour, Uddin, Joshi, Chauhan and Kumar.)
- Published
- 2022
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24. microRNAs associated with the pathogenesis and their role in regulating various signaling pathways during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
- Author
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Davuluri KS and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Humans, Signal Transduction, Virulence Factors genetics, Virulence Factors metabolism, MicroRNAs genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
- Abstract
Despite more than a decade of active study, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health concern across the world, and it is still the biggest cause of mortality in the human population. Pathogenic bacteria recognize host-induced responses and adapt to those hostile circumstances. This high level of adaptability necessitates a strong regulation of bacterial metabolic characteristics. Furthermore, the immune reponse of the host virulence factors such as host invasion, colonization, and survival must be properly coordinated by the pathogen. This can only be accomplished by close synchronization of gene expression. Understanding the molecular characteristics of mycobacterial pathogenesis in order to discover therapies that prevent or resolve illness relies on the bacterial capacity to adjust its metabolism and replication in response to various environmental cues as necessary. An extensive literature details the transcriptional alterations of host in response to in vitro environmental stressors, macrophage infection, and human illness. Various studies have recently revealed the finding of several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are believed to play an important role in the regulatory networks responsible for adaptability and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We highlighted the growing data on the existence and quantity of several forms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis , considered their possible relevance to disease etiology, and discussed how the miRNA-based signaling pathways regulate bacterial virulence factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Davuluri and Chauhan.)
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- 2022
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25. Extracranial Schwannomas of the Head and Neck: A Literature Review and Audit of Diagnosed Cases Over a Period of Eight Years.
- Author
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Phulware RH, Sardana R, Chauhan DS, Ahuja A, and Bhardwaj M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diagnosis, Differential, Head, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neck, Young Adult, Neurilemmoma, Tongue Neoplasms
- Abstract
Schwannoma is a benign, slow growing, usually solitary and encapsulated tumor derived from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Schwannomas can be divided into central, or intraosseous, and peripheral lesions. The etiology is unknown, but it is postulated that lesions arise by the proliferation of Schwann cells at one point inside the perineurium. Schwannomas may mimic other diseases of the head and neck, such as infection, tumor or metastasis. Extracranial schwannomas are rare; in this study we review a series of 22 cases of schwannomas originating in the head and neck region over a period of eight years. All tumors were benign and well-encapsulated. Tumor size ranged from 0.5 to 9 cm. The age range of patients studied was 15-74 years with a mean age of 35 years and a male predilection (M:F, 2.6:1)was noted. Four cases of schwannomas occurred in the tongue (18.18%) and lower lip (18.18%), three in the nasal cavity (13.64%), two each (9.09%) in the buccal mucosa, parapharyngeal space (9.09%), and eyebrow (9.09%), and one each in the upper lip (4.55%), lateral canthus of the eye (4.55%), intraorbital region (4.55%), submandibular gland (4.55%), and ear (4.55%). Schwannomas can present in a wide variety of sites within the head and neck. The tumor is benign and tend to be asymptomatic for long periods of time. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. Our study describes the clinicopathologic features of extracranial head and neck schwannomas, highlights the histopathologic features, and discusses pertinent findings with correlation to the present literature. It is important that both clinicians and pathologists be familiar with the uncommon sites of occurrence and the potential pitfalls associated with the diagnosis and management of these tumors., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
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26. Stimulated expression of ELR+ chemokines, VEGFA and TNF-AIP3 promote mycobacterial dissemination in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and Cavia porcellus model of tuberculosis.
- Author
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Davuluri KS, Singh AK, Kumar V, Singh SV, Singh AV, Kumar S, Yadav R, Kushwaha S, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Animals, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Chemokines, Guanylate Kinases, Guinea Pigs, Humans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Miliary, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
- Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria induce and accelerate blood vessel formation driven by extensive inflammation during granuloma formation, which is a central feature of mycobacterial pathogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) enhances the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR+) chemokines, which are potent inducers of vascularization. Most of the reported research work contends that VEGF growth factor induces neovascularization in human tuberculosis (TB) patients, but the evidence is inconclusive. Considerable ambiguity exists concerning the factors responsible for miliary tuberculosis. To identify such factors, we proposed an alternative explanation that could be found in miliary tuberculosis (MTB) cases. We performed a comparative analysis of angiogenic factors TNF-α, VEGF, and angiogenic ELR+ CXC and CC chemokine ligands in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. To observe the relationship of these factors with the severity of bacterial burden, guinea pigs were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and levels of the angiogenic factors were examined at different time intervals. Expression of these factors also exhibited a significant positive correlation with bacterial burden in other organs like the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. We demonstrated statistical data on bacterial burden at different time points following the dissemination of infection in guinea pigs. In this study, we observed that there was a stimulated increase in the expression of ELR+ chemokines and VEGF in EPTB patients as compared to PTB patients. Following increased dissemination, the host immune response clears bacteria from the lungs during disease progression in guinea pigs., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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27. Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients from North Karnataka, India.
- Author
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Bellad R, Nagamoti M, Sharma P, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Humans, India epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low income countries. Multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) is seen as the reason for many TB outbreaks globally and is also a threat to control programmes. India accounts for 27% TB cases worldwide. Our study was undertaken to understand the outbreaks related to MTB. All the sputum samples were subjected to microscopy and smear positive samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) media. Identification was carried by biochemical analysis. A total of 57 isolates were subjected to Drug Susceptibility testing (DST) and spoligotyping, where eleven MDR-TB isolates were confirmed, of which ten were SIT1/Beijing and one SIT53/T1. Spoligotyping results showed that the predominant lineage in this region was SIT1/Beijing followed by SIT124/U and the strains which did not match spoligodatabase were named as orphans. In this study, MDR-TB was associated with SIT1/Beijing and mono resistance belonged to CAS1_DEL.
- Published
- 2022
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28. Mycobacterium bovis induced human tuberculosis in India: Current status, challenges & opportunities.
- Author
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Singh AV, Yadav VS, Chauhan DS, and Singh SV
- Subjects
- Cattle, Animals, Humans, Milk microbiology, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis, Bovine epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine microbiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine prevention & control, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of human deaths due to any infectious disease worldwide. However, infection of Mycobacterium bovis, primarily an animal pathogen, also leads to the development of 'human tuberculosis'. Infected animals have been considered the major source of M. bovis infection and humans get exposed to M. bovis through close contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated milk, unpasteurized dairy products and improperly cooked contaminated meat. The information on the global distribution of bovine TB (bTB) is limited, but the disease has been reported from all the livestock-producing middle- and low-income countries of the world. In recent years, there is a renewed interest for the control of bTB to minimize human infection worldwide. In India, while the sporadic presence of M. bovis has been reported in domestic animals, animal-derived food products and human beings from different geographical regions of the country, the information on the national prevalence of bTB and transmission dynamics of zoonotic TB is, however, not available. The present article reviewed published information on the status of M. bovis-induced zoonotic TB to highlight the key challenges and opportunities for intervention to minimize the risk of M. bovis infection in humans and secure optimum animal productivity in India.
- Published
- 2022
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29. Intestinal mucormycosis in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.
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Paliwal P, Rahar S, Sharma A, Gupta D, Ahuja A, and Chauhan DS
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- Adolescent, Female, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 complications, Coinfection complications, Mucormycosis complications, Mucormycosis diagnosis, Mucormycosis microbiology, Mycoses
- Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread to all the continents posing a serious threat to global health. It can present with myriad symptoms and complications including susceptibility to fungal co-infections. We hereby describe a case of mucormycosis in a 17 year old COVID-19 positive female with no known comorbidities presenting with abdominal pain and distention and ultimately developing intestinal perforation. Early identication of the symptoms is essential to make a correct and early diagnosis to prevent complications., Competing Interests: None
- Published
- 2022
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30. Omental desmoplastic small round cell tumor with metastasis.
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Yelamanchi R, Yadav E, Gupta N, Ahuja A, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Abdomen diagnostic imaging, Adult, Histological Techniques, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Omentum diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor diagnostic imaging, Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor secondary, Omentum pathology
- Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a very rare diagnosis with about 200 cases reported in literature. DSRCT is a recently described histopathological entity by Gerald and Rosai in 1989. Abdominopelvic cavity especially peritoneum is the most common site. We report a case of a huge omental DSRCT with lymph node metastasis which was initially misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor on radiology. A 26-year-old male presented with complaints of upper abdominal swelling associated with constant dull pain. On examination there was a large 15 × 12 cm intraabdominal mass in the epigastric and umbilical region. Imaging studies were suggestive of neoplastic mesenchymal etiology. Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was suggestive of mesenchymal neoplastic etiology. On laparotomy, there was a huge 20 × 15 cm mass arising from omentum with multiple omental and mesenteric seedlings and mesenteric, peripancreatic and perigastric lymphadenopathy. The patient underwent debulking surgery with uneventful post-operative recovery. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry revealed a diagnosis of DSRCT of omentum and small bowel mesentery with lymph node metastasis. Patient then received adjuvant chemotherapy with multiple chemotherapeutic drugs as per P6 protocol and has stable disease at 1 year follow up., Competing Interests: None
- Published
- 2022
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31. Extraction of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers from the forest for the livelihood and rural income in Garhwal Himalaya, India.
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Chauhan DS, Lal P, and Shrama AK
- Abstract
Rhododendron arboreum locally known as 'Burans', that bears magnificent flowers is one of the valuable non timber forest produces (NTFPs) in Garhwal Himalaya. These flowers are good source of income for local populace and help them to their subsistence up to some extent. R. arboreum flower can help local population to improve their livelihoods if potential harvesting is carried out sustainably. An attempt has been made to estimate the flower yield, examine extraction techniques, marketing trends and various uses of flowers. Stratified random sampling method was carried out in eight sites varying in altitudes and geographic locations. Flower yield kg/ha for each site was calculated as standard process. Questionnaire based survey was carried out in selected villages for flower extraction and marketing trends. Projections of potential (probable/-could generate) income were made and cost-benefit analysis was also estimated. Tree density of R. arboreum ranked first and Q. leucotrichophora had second rank while 16-25 cm cbh class tree density for R. arboreum was found highest across the sites. Flower yield was significantly (p < 0.001) higher at Khirsu site with 26-35 and 46-55 cm cbh class. There was positively significant correlation (n = 446, p < 0.001, r = 0.53) between flower yield and actual cbh. Flower yield has a direct relation with size of tree whereas yield has been less impacted by the sites. Average yield of flowers across the sites was about 25.3 ton/ha. On average 30% households are engaged in the extraction and trade activities with the extraction rate of 25-350 kg/household/year. A net household income of Rs. 6000-37,000 (89-545 USD) per year was computed from Rhododendron flower extraction and marketing business. The total monetary benefit was significantly higher than the inputs for all value added items on a per day basis. R. arboreum plays important role in ecological and economic sustainability of poor rural people and unemployed youths in Himalayan region. This can reduce unemployment through development of small cottage industry and entrepreneurship at village level by making different food products i.e. juice, squash, sauce and pickle etc., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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32. Fecal Excretion of Mycobacterium leprae, Burkina Faso.
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Singh AV, Yadav R, Pawar HS, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Burkina Faso epidemiology, Genotype, Mycobacterium leprae
- Published
- 2021
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33. Coronary arteritis as a cause of sudden cardiac death in a young girl.
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Paliwal P, Jain S, Ahuja A, Mittal S, and Chauhan DS
- Abstract
A case of probable coronary arteritis in a young girl who died suddenly and unexpectedly is presented. The histologic presentation of the disorder is discussed, especially the differential diagnosis of arteritis of the coronary arteries with an emphasis on tuberculosis (TB). TB myocarditis with or without concomitant lung involvement is rare, and tubercular coronary arteritis without underlying pulmonary Koch's disease is all the rarer. We herein describe a case where the cause of death was ascertained on post-mortem examination., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright: © 2021 The Authors.)
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- 2021
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34. Nanotechnology synergized immunoengineering for cancer.
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Chauhan DS, Dhasmana A, Laskar P, Prasad R, Jain NK, Srivastava R, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, and Yallapu MM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cancer Vaccines administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Carriers chemistry, Humans, Immunologic Factors administration & dosage, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms immunology, Immunotherapy methods, Neoplasms therapy, Theranostic Nanomedicine methods
- Abstract
Novel strategies modulating the immune system yielded enhanced anticancer responses and improved cancer survival. Nevertheless, the success rate of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has been below expectation(s) due to unpredictable efficacy and off-target effects from systemic dosing of immunotherapeutic(s). As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for improving conventional immunotherapy. Nanotechnology offers several new strategies, multimodality, and multiplex biological targeting advantage to overcome many of these challenges. These efforts enable programming the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and delivery of immunomodulatory agents/co-delivery of compounds to prime at the tumor sites for improved therapeutic benefits. This review provides an overview of the design and clinical principles of biomaterials driven nanotechnology and their potential use in personalized nanomedicines, vaccines, localized tumor modulation, and delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we also summarize the latest highlights and recent advances in combinatorial therapies availed in the treatment of cold and complicated tumors. It also presents key steps and parameters implemented for clinical success. Finally, we analyse, discuss, and provide clinical perspectives on the integrated opportunities of nanotechnology and immunology to achieve synergistic and durable responses in cancer treatment., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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35. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder: A rare incidental finding.
- Author
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Gupta D, Chauhan DS, and Rao S
- Subjects
- Cholecystectomy, Gallbladder pathology, Gallbladder Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreas cytology, Gallbladder Neoplasms diagnosis, Pancreas pathology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: None
- Published
- 2021
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36. Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: the youngest case reported.
- Author
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Batool S, Ahuja A, Chauhan DS, Bhardwaj M, and Meena AK
- Abstract
Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare variant of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. It has an aggressive clinical course and a high rate of recurrence. EIMS primarily affects children and young adults. Hereby, we report this entity in a 4-month-old infant who presented with an abdominal mass. Imaging studies revealed a large hypodense mesentery-based lesion involving the right half and mid-region of the abdomen. The mass with an attached segment of the small bowel was excised in toto . Grossly, a large encapsulated tumor was identified arising from the mesentery of the small bowel. The histological examination showed a tumor consisting of epithelioid to spindle cells loosely arranged in a myxoid background with numerous blood vessels and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed positivity for ALK1 (nuclear), desmin, SMA, CD68, and focal positivity for CD30. A final diagnosis of EIMS of the small intestine was rendered. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the youngest reported case in literature., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Nil., (Copyright: © 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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37. Synthesis and characterization of an injectable microparticles integrated hydrogel composite biomaterial: In-vivo biocompatibility and inflammatory arthritis treatment.
- Author
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Dhanka M, Pawar V, Chauhan DS, Jain NK, R S P, Shetty C, Kumawat MK, Prasad R, and Srivastava R
- Subjects
- Alginates, Animals, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Liberation, Rats, Tissue Distribution, Arthritis drug therapy, Hydrogels
- Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels and microparticles have been widely used for localized drug delivery applications for the treatment of arthritis. Nonetheless, owing to initial burst drug release, non-specific biodistribution and low retention time at the target site in body, these polymeric drug delivery systems have been found with low in-vivo performance. Hence, the above limitations need to be resolved by designing a smart novel drug delivery system which is the current need in biomedicine. Herein, a novel localized injectable thermoresponsive microparticles embedded hydrogel composite drug delivery system has been developed for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. In the current study, methotrexate (MTX) loaded alginate microparticles (MTX-Microparticles) are embedded into thermoreversible hydrogel matrix (MTX-MPs-H) prepared by physical blending of sodium hyaluronate and methylcellulose (SHMC). Microparticles-hydrogel composite system exhibited appropriate in-vitro thermoreversibility (sol at 4 °C and gel at 37 °C), biocompatibility (>80 %), hemocompatibility, and controlled drug release profile. The in-vivo biocompatibility studies for 10 days revealed that composite system is non-toxic in nature. The developed MTX-MPs-H composite drug delivery system effectively decreased the swelling/ inflammation of the arthritis affected paw in wistar rats in comparison to only alginate microparticles and pure MTX up to 30 days., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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38. Genetic variability in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in North India.
- Author
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Singh AV, Singh S, Yadav A, Kushwah S, Yadav R, Sai DK, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- Bacterial Typing Techniques, Genotype, Humans, India, Mycobacterium tuberculosis classification, Genetic Variation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology
- Abstract
Background: Information on the genetic variability of drug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is of paramount importance to understand transmission dynamics of disease and to improve TB control strategies. Despite of largest number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis cases (1, 30,000; 27% of the global burden), strains responsible for the expansion or development of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections have been poorly characterized in India. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity in MDR isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in North India., Results: Spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) was performed on 293 clinical MDR isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recovered from cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from North India. Spoligotyping identified 74 distinct spoligotype patterns. Comparison with an international spoligotype database (spoldb4 database) showed that 240 (81.91%) and 32 (10.92%) strains displayed known and shared type patterns, while 21 (7.16%) strains displayed unique spoligotype patterns. Among the phylogeographic lineages, lineage 3 (East African-Indian) was found most predominant lineage (n = 159, 66.25%), followed by lineage 2 (East Asian; n = 34, 14.16%), lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic; n = 30, 12.50%) and lineage 4 (Euro American; n = 17, 7.08%). Overall, CAS1_DEL (60.41%; SITs 2585, 26, 2694, 309, 381, 428, 1401, 141, 25, 1327) was found most pre-dominant spoligotype pattern followed by Beijing (14.16%; SITs255, 260, 1941, 269) and EAI3_IND (5.00%; SITs 298, 338, 11). The demographic and clinical characteristics were not found significantly associated with genotypic lineages of MDR-M.tuberculosis isolates recovered from pulmonary TB patients of North India., Conclusions: Present study reveals high genetic diversity among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and highlights that SIT141/CAS1_Del followed by SIT26/ Beijing lineage is the most common spoligotype responsible for the development and transmission of MDR-TB in North India. The high presence of shared type and unique spoligotype patterns of MDR strains indicates epidemiological significance of locally evolved strains in ongoing transmission of MDR-TB within this community which needs to be further monitored using robust molecular tools with high discriminatory power.
- Published
- 2021
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39. A clinicopathological study of peripheral schwannomas.
- Author
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Majumder A, Ahuja A, Chauhan DS, Paliwal P, and Bhardwaj M
- Abstract
Aim and Objective: Schwannomas are benign neoplasms of neural origin with sporadic or syndromic occurence. They are commonly seen in cranial nerves. Peripheral schwannomas occur rarely and may have unique presentations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of peripheral schwannomas., Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study of peripheral schwannomas excluding head neck region was conducted. The study group consisted of 18 cases which were recorded over a period of seven years. The corresponding data were collected from the archives of the Department of Pathology., Results: Male to female ratio was 1:1. The average age of the cases was 47 years. The most common site was the upper limbs (55.55%) followed by lower limbs, chest and penis. The lesions mostly presented as painless swellings (62%). Histopathological examination revealed classic features of schwannoma. Secondary changes included cystic degeneration, foam cells, epitheloid cells, hyalinization, microcystic change and collection of plasma cells. All cases were confirmed by positive S100 staining., Conclusion: Peripheral schwannomas may be missed due to its rarity and atypical presentations. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this common entity at unusual sites for the proper management of the patients. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice.
- Published
- 2021
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40. Electrochemical and Computational Insights on the Application of Expired Metformin Drug as a Novel Inhibitor for the Sweet Corrosion of C1018 Steel.
- Author
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Onyeachu IB, Abdel-Azeim S, Chauhan DS, and Quraishi MA
- Abstract
An expired metformin drug (MET) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel in a CO
2 -saturated 3.5 wt % NaCl + 340 ppm acetic acid solution under static conditions. The inhibitor was evaluated using electrochemical methods complemented with surface analytical measurements and computational modeling. The drug displayed a high inhibition efficiency of ∼90% at 200 ppm. Impedance analyses revealed a rise in the charge transfer resistance at the steel-solution interface upon the addition of the inhibitor. Polarization measurements suggested that MET acted more like a cathodic-type corrosion inhibitor and significantly reduced the corrosion current density. The adsorption of MET on the steel substrate followed the Langmuir isotherm, showing a mixed type of physical and chemical modes of adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters revealed strong and spontaneous adsorption on the steel surface. The surface analysis using SEM supported the inhibitor adsorption on the steel substrate. Based on the DFT simulation, inhibition by MET is mainly achieved by its protonated form, which leads to the formation of a thin film on the steel surface rather than the modification of the work function of the steel surface. The experimental and theoretical estimations of p K a complemented the DFT results, both agreeing that the monoprotonated form of MET is the dominant form in which the inhibitor adsorbs on the steel surface to form a thin film rather than modify the work function of the steel surface., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.- Published
- 2020
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41. Cinnamaldehyde-modified chitosan as a bio-derived corrosion inhibitor for acid pickling of copper: Microwave synthesis, experimental and computational study.
- Author
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El Mouaden K, Chauhan DS, Quraishi MA, Bazzi L, and Hilali M
- Subjects
- Acrolein chemistry, Acrolein pharmacology, Adsorption drug effects, Chitosan pharmacology, Computational Biology, Corrosion, Electrochemical Techniques, Hydrochloric Acid adverse effects, Hydrochloric Acid chemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microwaves, Schiff Bases chemistry, Steel chemistry, Acrolein analogs & derivatives, Chitosan chemistry, Copper chemistry, Surface Properties drug effects
- Abstract
Chitosan (CS) was cross-linked using cinnamaldehyde (Cinn) in a single step procedure following microwave irradiation to produce cinnamaldehyde-modified chitosan (Cinn-CS). The synthesized Cinn-CS was used as a novel corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1 M hydrochloric acid. A comprehensive electrochemical investigation using the impedance measurements, and potentiodynamic polarization was undertaken, supported with surface analysis and computational studies. The inhibitor Cinn-CS functioned by adsorption on the copper surface and showed an inhibition efficiency of >89% at a dose of 1000 mgL
-1 . The charge transfer resistance showed a rise with increase in inhibitor dosage to the corrosive medium, and the corrosion currents showed a significant decrease with the addition of the inhibitor. The Cinn-CS displayed a mixed type of inhibition performance with cathodic nature. The study of the copper surface using scanning electron microscopy depicted a considerably smooth morphology in the presence of the adsorbed Cinn-CS. The computational studies indicated that the Cinn-CS Schiff base shows better adsorption behavior compared to the parent molecules of chitosan and cinnamaldehyde and can show an inhibition performance in the neutral, and the protonated form., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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42. Validation of an indigenous assay for rapid molecular detection of rifampicin resistance in presumptive multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
- Author
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Gomathi NS, Singh M, Myneedu VP, Chauhan DS, Tripathy S, Sarin R, Mohan A, Bhatnagar A, Khangembam JS, Kannan T, V Rao MV, Logani J, Dey B, Gangakhedkar RR, Swaminathan S, and Singh UB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Humans, India, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Rifampin pharmacology, Rifampin therapeutic use, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum, Young Adult, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
- Abstract
Background & Objectives: There is a need for an affordable, easy, high-sensitivity test usable at the peripheral health facility for diagnosis of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) to interrupt disease transmission. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for early detection of DR-TB are ideal to bring testing near to the patient. Truenat
TM MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and TruenatTM MTB-RIF (rifampicin) is an indigenous chip-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based test for detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. The test involves extraction of DNA using automated, battery operated Trueprep instrument and real-time PCR performed on the Truelab analyzer. We report here multicentric validation of Truenat MTB-RIF for detection of DR-TB in suspected DR-TB patients., Methods: Consecutive patients aged 18-65 yr, with symptoms suggestive of TB and with a history of previous treatment, reporting to the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) clinics under four national institutes, namely AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi), NITRD (National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi), NIRT (National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai) and ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, were included in the study. Two sputum samples (one spot and one morning) were collected from each patient, after obtaining informed written consent. The samples were subjected to smear, GeneXpert and MGIT 960 culture (and drug susceptibility testing to RIF) (surrogate for MDR-TB) to serve as reference tests. The samples were coded to ensure blinding and subjected to Truenat MTB-RIF. Truenat MTB-RIF Version 1.5 was used for testing 1084 samples for RIF resistance, while Version 2.0 was used to test another 1201 samples., Results: Truenat MTB-RIF Version 1.5 in comparison with comprehensive laboratory reference standards yielded sensitivity and specificity of 76.2 and 94.7 per cent, respectively for the detection of RIF resistance in 1084 samples, collected across four sites. Based on the analysis of discordant samples, Version 2.0 of Truenat was developed by the manufacturer and this was further tested on additional 1201 samples, yielding a sensitivity of 87.5 per cent and specificity of 99.5 per cent., Interpretation & Conclusions: Multicentric trial of TruenatTM MTB-RIF demonstrated a great potential of this point of care NAAT for detection of MDR-TB. The test would be useful in limited resource settings and inaccessible areas without need for any additional infrastructure., Competing Interests: None- Published
- 2020
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43. Multicentric validation of indigenous molecular test Truenat™ MTB for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison with reference standards.
- Author
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Gomathi NS, Singh M, Singh UB, Myneedu VP, Chauhan DS, Sarin R, Mohan A, Bhatnagar A, Khangembam JS, Kannan T, Rao MVV, Logani J, Dey B, Gangakhedkar RR, Swaminathan S, and Tripathy S
- Subjects
- Humans, India, Reference Standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
- Abstract
Background & Objectives: : Early case detection is essential to interrupt transmission and to prevent further spread of tuberculosis (TB) in high endemic settings. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with visual read-outs are ideal as point-of-care tests. Truenat™ MTB is an indigenous chip-based NAAT for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which involves extraction of DNA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using portable, automated, battery-operated instruments. The current multicentric study was aimed to evaluate Truenat for detection of MTB in sputum samples obtained from patients with presumptive pulmonary TB with reference to culture as gold standard and Xpert as a comparator., Methods: : The study was conducted at four sites, namely ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra; and National Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi. Patients suspected to have TB were screened for eligibility. Two sputum samples were collected from each patient. Tests included smear, Xpert and Truenat directly from the sputum sample and culture by Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium and MGIT960 from decontaminated pellets. Sample used for Truenat assay was coded. Resolution of Truenat false positives was done using an in-house PCR with TRC
4 primers., Results: : The study enrolled 2419 presumptive TB patients after screening 2465 patients, and 3541 sputum samples were collected from the enrolled patients. Results of 2623 samples were available for analysis. Truenat showed a positivity rate of 48.5 per cent as compared to 37.0 per cent by Xpert. The sensitivities of Truenat and Xpert were was 88.3 and 79.7 per cent, respectively in comparison with culture., Interpretation & Conclusions: : Truenat MTB identified more positives among culture-confirmed samples than Xpert and had higher sensitivity. In addition, other advantageous operational features of Truenat MTB were identified which would be useful in field settings., Competing Interests: None- Published
- 2020
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44. Comprehensive Review on Current Interventions, Diagnostics, and Nanotechnology Perspectives against SARS-CoV-2.
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Chauhan DS, Prasad R, Srivastava R, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, and Yallapu MM
- Subjects
- Biosensing Techniques, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Humans, Pandemics, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Nanotechnology trends, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral therapy
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically challenged the healthcare system of almost all countries. The authorities are struggling to minimize the mortality along with ameliorating the economic downturn. Unfortunately, until now, there has been no promising medicine or vaccine available. Herein, we deliver perspectives of nanotechnology for increasing the specificity and sensitivity of current interventional platforms toward the urgent need of quickly deployable solutions. This review summarizes the recent involvement of nanotechnology from the development of a biosensor to fabrication of a multifunctional nanohybrid system for respiratory and deadly viruses, along with the recent interventions and current understanding about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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- 2020
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45. Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a 6-Month-Old Infant.
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Rahar S, Chauhan DS, Singh S, Ahuja A, Bhardwaj M, and Sen A
- Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the adrenal cortex and it is even rarer in infancy. These tumors are usually hormonally active. We report a case of ACC in a 6-month-old infant who was brought by her mother with complaints of hirsutism and abnormally looking genitalia. Serum 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and serum cortisol levels were raised. Subsequently, imaging studies revealed a large well-circumscribed soft-tissue mass in the right suprarenal region. The tumor was excised, and on histopathology in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of ACC was given. Only four other cases of ACC have been reported till date in the literature, with an age of 6 months or younger. Hereby, we present a case of ACC in a young infant., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons.)
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- 2020
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46. Intact Mycobacterium leprae Isolated from Placenta of a Pregnant Woman, China.
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Singh AV, Pawar HS, Yadav R, and Chauhan DS
- Subjects
- China epidemiology, Female, Humans, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae genetics
- Published
- 2020
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47. Artefacts of ganglion cell complex analysis in eyes with vitreomacular traction syndrome.
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Slifirski HJ, Qin Q, Rawlings M, and Chauhan DS
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- Artifacts, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Traction, Vitreous Body, Macula Lutea, Retinal Diseases diagnosis
- Published
- 2020
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48. Liposomal nanotheranostics for multimode targeted in vivo bioimaging and near-infrared light mediated cancer therapy.
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Prasad R, Jain NK, Yadav AS, Chauhan DS, Devrukhkar J, Kumawat MK, Shinde S, Gorain M, Thakor AS, Kundu GC, Conde J, and Srivastava R
- Subjects
- 3T3 Cells, Animals, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic administration & dosage, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Infrared Rays, Metal Nanoparticles administration & dosage, Mice, Quantum Dots administration & dosage, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Gold administration & dosage, Graphite administration & dosage, Liposomes administration & dosage, Phototherapy methods, Theranostic Nanomedicine methods
- Abstract
Developing a nanotheranostic agent with better image resolution and high accumulation into solid tumor microenvironment is a challenging task. Herein, we established a light mediated phototriggered strategy for enhanced tumor accumulation of nanohybrids. A multifunctional liposome based nanotheranostics loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and emissive graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were engineered named as NFGL. Further, doxorubicin hydrochloride was encapsulated in NFGL to exhibit phototriggered chemotherapy and functionalized with folic acid targeting ligands. Encapsulated agents showed imaging bimodality for in vivo tumor diagnosis due to their high contrast and emissive nature. Targeted NFGL nanohybrids demonstrated near infrared light (NIR, 750 nm) mediated tumor reduction because of generated heat and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Moreover, NFGL nanohybrids exhibited remarkable ROS scavenging ability as compared to GQDs loaded liposomes validated by antitumor study. Hence, this approach and engineered system could open new direction for targeted imaging and cancer therapy.
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- 2020
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49. Study of Spiritual Health Determinants in Indian Saints (Sadhus) at Ujjain Kumbh Mela (Simhast) 2016.
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Mishra B, Baghel AS, Paliwal D, and Chauhan DS
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- Humans, India, Saints, Surveys and Questionnaires, Religion, Spirituality
- Abstract
Spirituality is the oldest and most intrinsic health determinant. Unfortunately, it has surfed rough weather for a reasonable time. In spite of this chronic inattention, still in India we have established communes (saints) who thrive on spiritual living. Though they are an integral part to Indian society, their spiritual health and its determining factors are difficult to find. This study was to estimate the 'spiritual score and rank' of Indian saints and explore its psychological and social associates and predicates. Development of spirituality in Indian saints is practice oriented and multidimensional. This study was conducted in 2016-2017; data collection was done during Kumbh Mela (Simhasta) at Ujjain from 17th May to 16th June 2016. Spiritual health assessment was done by 'spiritual assessment inventory' (SAI), mental health by 'GAINN-SS' and pertinent social factors by self-designed pretested questionnaire. Descriptive, Chi-square, ANOVA and ordinal regression analysis were done by SPSS version 20. Data from 962 participants were analyzed. Their clan breakup stands at: 459 (47.7%) as Shiva followers/Shaviates, 251 (26.1%) Vishnu followers/Vaishnavites and 252 (26.2%) belonged to neutral/Sikhism clan. The mean age for participants was 54.6 years (SD ± 14.65), and mean spiritual score 165.18 (SD ± 10.78). 49.3% cases recorded a spiritual grade ≥ 'good.' Majority had formal education till 10th standard; 576 (60%) and 717 (74.5%) did not raise a family. Gurus (spiritual teachers) imparted spiritual training to 685 (71%), and Puranas (spiritual and moral scriptures) provided spiritual knowledge to 319 (33%). Worldly detachment was the objective in 249 (77%) for pursuance of spiritual life. Both Chi-square and ANOVA showed significant (p ≤ .05) associations of spirituality with participants hailing from spiritual (p ≤ .03) and religious (p ≤ .02) inclined families. Partisan from Vaishnavite clan (Akhada) demonstrated better grade (p ≤ .00). Self-motivated subjects under the guidance of Gurus recorded strong associations with spiritual scale. Role of family and friends was noticeable associates to spirituality. Attainment of nirvana and serving the society had notable spiritual associations. Ordinal regression analysis model also lends support (p < .05) to the clan factor, family background, role of religious and spiritual scriptures, motivation from self- and close quarters, objective of attainment of enlightenment and daily yogic and religious practices as notable factors with positive prediction potentials for spiritual growth. Like other health domain, spirituality has its own determinants which are intrinsic and interdependent. 49.3% of cases scoring spiritual grade ≥ 'good' need to be noted.
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- 2020
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50. Aminotriazolethiol-functionalized chitosan as a macromolecule-based bioinspired corrosion inhibitor for surface protection of stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl.
- Author
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Chauhan DS, Mouaden KE, Quraishi MA, and Bazzi L
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Corrosion, Dielectric Spectroscopy methods, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning methods, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission methods, Surface Properties, Temperature, Chitosan chemistry, Sodium Chloride chemistry, Stainless Steel chemistry, Steel chemistry
- Abstract
Chitosan was chemically functionalized using aminotriazolethiol in a facile single-step synthesis. The macromolecule was evaluated as an inhibitor for corrosion of stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. A detailed electrochemical investigation employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) was performed, which showed that the inhibitor acts by adsorption on the steel surface and shows a mixed type behavior with the prevalence of cathodic behavior. The new inhibitor aminotriazolethiol-modified chitosan (ATT-Cht) exhibited excellent water solubility and behaved as an efficient inhibitor against corrosion of stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl showing a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 97.8% at a concentration as low as 100 mg L
-1 . The results of surface studies using scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy supported the adsorption of the inhibitor on the steel surface., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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