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Addressing drug abuse is crucial in South Africa, especially in Technical and Vocational Education. This study examines educator training for managing student substance abuse. The study utilised a non-experimental quantitative exploratory design, surveying all 337 educators from selected Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges in South Africa’s Limpopo Province. The study discovered that educators consistently linked certain behaviours with suspected student drug abuse, facilitating early identification. However, there was notable diversity in how educators proposed handling students with suspected drug abuse, with a significant portion lacking training in this area. The research highlighted varying perspectives on the significance of educator-student relationships. It points out the crucial need for comprehensive training for Technical and Vocational Education and Training college educators in addressing student drug abuse. The findings provide a foundation for future research and interventions in this domain, not only in South Africa but also in similar educational settings globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AB 19 is a proposed bill in California that aims to address the growing issue of fentanyl-related overdose deaths among young people. The bill would require all public schools to have at least two units of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, available on campus to administer in case of an overdose. The article argues that instead of relying on failed prevention methods of the past, California should invest in proven harm reduction methods such as mental health counseling, accurate education, and making naloxone widely available. The author suggests that AB 19 should be amended to provide funding for these resources in all school districts statewide. [Extracted from the article]

Drug instances have increased in Solok Regency, with Kubung District seeing the largest increase in cases. Middle school students are a vital population because, during this formative period of personality formation, they experiment and seek validation from others, which makes more supervision necessary. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how psychoeducation about selfcontrol can help junior high school pupils in Kubung District, Solok Regency, avoid drug misuse in 2023. With a one group pretest and posttest design and proportionate random sample of 110 respondents, This research uses the Quasi Experiment method. The analysis's findings indicated that 110 students' mean self-control scores increased from 42.51 to 48.28 after receiving psychoeducation, with a p-value of 0.025 (p-value <0.05) for the Wilcoxon test. These results show an increase in the average student pretest and posttest scores, indicating a significant influence of psychoeducation on increasing self-control in preventing drug abuse, which leads one to the conclusion that psychoeducation influences junior high school students' self-control in preventing drug abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advocates of youth sports programs, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, argue that athletic competition reduces crime among participants, thereby generating external social benefits. However, next to nothing is known about the impact of sports participation on crime. Using the introduction of Title IX as a natural experiment, we find that exposure to a ten percentage point higher female sports participation rate while in high school reduced adult female arrests for Part I offenses by approximately 0.5 arrests per 1,000 population. This result is consistent with sports participation-induced gains in educational attainment and labor market outcomes and suggests important external benefits of the 1972 educational amendments to Title IX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the relationship between Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE) and Teaching Competency (TC) of classroom teachers in drug education in Malaysian secondary schools. This study was a descriptive quantitative survey. The study's respondents consisted of 491 secondary school teachers selected via stratified random sampling from six states in Malaysia such as Kelantan, Kedah, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Sabah and Johor. The instruments of TSE and TC were developed by the researchers and piloted. The data were collected by a hybrid method using online and offline questionnaires. The study used SPSS 25 for statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha, means, percentage, and standard deviation to analyse the data. The study revealed that the relationship between TSE and TC in drug education was strong and positively correlated (p= 0.00 and Pearson Correlation value = 0.636**). It can be concluded that teachers' selfefficacy and teaching competency of classroom teachers in drug education had a significant relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a historical overview of cannabis use and regulation in the United States and discusses the impact of current regulations on the failure of cannabis businesses. It highlights the challenges faced by these businesses, including limited access to financial services and the power of local governments to prohibit cannabis within their jurisdictions. The article emphasizes the need for regulatory and tax reforms to support the profitability of cannabis companies. It also discusses the varying approaches to cannabis regulation at the federal, state, and local levels, as well as the role of direct democracy in cannabis reform efforts. The article concludes by suggesting that potential cannabis business owners should wait for meaningful reforms before entering the industry. [Extracted from the article]

In March 2021, the Governor of Washington declared a youth mental health crisis. State data revealed high rates of youth suicide and inadequate access to services. This study aims to ascertain the kinds of support across the mental health care continuum recommended by young people and key stakeholders who could assist with implementation in Seattle. We interviewed 15 key informants to identify the contextual, structural, and individual-level factors that increase the risk of poor mental health and deter access to care among youth. We complimented these data with a 25-item survey of 117 participants in King County to assess the feasibility and acceptability of interventions for youth mental health. We conducted a deductive thematic qualitative analysis of the interviews and performed descriptive analyses of the quantitative data, using t-tests and χ2 tests to summarize and compare participant characteristics stratified by age group. Qualitative informants attributed challenges to youth mental health to social isolation and relational problems. Example interventions included creating environments that increase belonging and implementation of culturally congruent mental health services. Quantitative study participants rated all evidence-based mental health interventions presented as highly acceptable. However, youth preferred interventions promoting social connectedness, peer support, and holistic approaches to care, while non-youth preferred interventions focused on suicide, and substance abuse prevention. Key informants and survey participants identified schools as the most important setting for mental health interventions. There were no significant differences among quantitative outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for interventions that reduce isolation and increase social connectedness to support youth mental health. As the city designs youth responsive interventions, schools and digital platforms should be prioritized. Engaging multiple stakeholders, particularly young people, tackling cultural stigma surrounding mental health, and improving access to safe community spaces are important considerations for youth mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the capacity of Community Education and Training Colleges (CETCs) in South Africa to support local government skills development initiatives. The article highlights the challenges faced by CETCs, such as lack of funding, inadequate competencies of lecturers, and infrastructure constraints. It emphasizes the importance of CETCs in increasing accessibility to learning opportunities, particularly in areas with limited access to traditional educational institutions. The article also addresses the need for better coordination and partnerships between CETCs, municipalities, and the Department of Higher Education and Training to fulfill skills development mandates. The study concludes with recommendations to improve the capacity of CETCs, including infrastructure expansion, benchmarking best practices, collaboration with industry professionals, exploring remote learning options, establishing a formal engagement platform, and increasing awareness and civic education about CETCs. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Penalizing Prevention: The Paradoxical Legal Treatment of Preventative Medicine" by Doron Dorfman explores how preventive medicine is both endorsed and penalized by the law. The author argues that preventive medicine is often stigmatized and penalized due to perceived risks associated with users' behavior and character. The article provides case studies on the regulation of HIV prophylactic drug PrEP, mental health treatment, and the public use of the opioid reverser naloxone to demonstrate how the law penalizes prevention. The author calls for harmonizing the legal regulation of preventive medicine to allow for its important goals to be achieved. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the use of psychedelic substances for medical treatment and the challenges they face in terms of regulation and legal obstacles. It discusses the federal government's response to psychedelic therapy, including the breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA, as well as state legislation aimed at reforming psychedelic substances. The article argues that psychedelic substances can offer an alternative for addressing mental health concerns and that legal reform is necessary to enhance treatment options. It also discusses the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating psychedelic substances into mental health treatment, including the value of training social workers in psychedelic psychotherapy. Overall, the article acknowledges the diverse perspectives and justifications surrounding psychedelic reform and the role of states in igniting reform efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemotherapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing reinfection. We assessed the efficacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after cure. Methods: A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite (hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura) in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March 2019. Stool exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz technique. The primary outcome was efficacy assessed by cure rate (CR) and fecal egg reduction rates (ERRs) at four weeks of post-MDA. The secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4 weeks of post-MDA. Group comparisons in CR and related factors were assessed with chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Predictors of CR were examined through univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results: The overall CR and ERR for hookworm infection were 97.2% (95% CI 94.6–99.4) and 97.02%, respectively. The overall CR and ERR for A. lumbricoides were 71.5% (95% CI 68.3–74.6) and 84.5% respectively. The overall CR and ERR and for T. trichiura were 49.5% (95% CI 44.8–54.2) and 68.3%, respectively. The CR among moderate T. trichiura infection intensity was 28.6%. Among children cured of hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura at week 4 post-MDA, 4.6%, 18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week-8 post-MDA, respectively. Significantly lower CR (36.6%) and higher reinfection after cure (60.6%) among A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura coinfected children than A. lumbricoides only (CR = 69.6%, reinfection rate = 15.1%) or T. trichiura only infected children (CR = 55.6%, reinfection rate = 47.1%) was observed. Pre-treatment coinfection with ≥ two types of STH parasites was significantly associated with re-infection after cure. Conclusion: Albendazole MDA is efficacious against hookworm but has reduced efficacy against A. lumbricoides and is not effective against T. trichiura. The low drug efficacy and high reinfection rate after cure underscore the need for alternative treatment and integration of other preventive measures to achieve the target of eliminating STHs as a public health problem by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Child streetism, a concept that describes the desperate situations of children working, living, or surviving on the street, is a complex phenomenon and one of the challenges posed by urban poverty worldwide. Purpose: The increased study of street children in Nigerian urban centres over the last 10 years has seen the accumulation of evidence underpin new policies to address this worldwide problem. This article summarizes the determinants of child streetism, the risks associated with it (violence, street gangsterism, drugs and substance abuse), and the intervention policies and programmes for street children in Nigeria. Methods and approach: The article is based on a textual narrative synthesis analysis of the relevant literature published between 2012 and 2023. Findings: Analysis of the literature shows that street children engage in harmful and risky behaviours and are caught in a cycle of abuse and poverty. Interventions to help street children are generally hampered by a lack of understanding of the causes, impacts, situations, and general characteristics. The literature suggests that the most successful interventions typically capitalize on people's strengths, incorporate elements of participation, self‐help, and mutual support, and take the least stigmatizing approach. Policy implications: Child streetism is an expression of a complicated web of determinants that require structural solutions. Any policy addressing the problem of child streetism must consider the phenomenon as a product of several complex and interrelated factors. Of these, uncontrolled urbanization, poor urban planning and management, and poverty are the most obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug abuse prevention in the community based on local culture, specifically "Pageu Gampong," involves legal aspects related to drugs and the management of drug prevention in the community. This study examines the influence of local culture, "Pageu Gampong," as a preventive measure against drug use among ninety in Aceh Besar district. Materials and Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental pre-post test design was utilized to investigate the effectiveness of drug abuse prevention training that incorporated local culture, specifically, "Pageu Gampong"; the research was conducted in seven phases and yielded promising results, including the establishment of an anti-drug task force team aimed at sustaining drug control efforts at the village level. To ensure data accuracy, the researcher designed and tested a self-administered questionnaire for validity and reliability. Results: The research showed increased general knowledge about drugs, legal aspects related to drugs, and drug prevention procedures with a p-value of 0.000. The results of this study are expected to be used for screening and early detection of the risk of drug abuse in the community through various culturally-based programs implemented by task force team members. Conclusion: This study can be used for screening and early detection of the risk of drug abuse in the community through various culturally-based programs implemented by task force team members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical transition period and is at high risk for drug/substance abuse. In Myanmar, drug use is common among adolescents and is a public health concern. There are no studies of drug abuse prevention among Myanmar adolescents. Intentions to avoid drug abuse can be a protective factor for preventing drug abuse among adolescents. This study investigated the effects of sex, parental history of drug/alcohol abuse, self-efficacy, parental marital status, and family functioning on the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. Methods: This is a predictive correlational study. The Biopsychosocial model was used as the theoretical framework of this study. A convenient sampling method was used to collect data from 157 students aged 13–18 years in a government school, middle school level and high school level, Pinlaung Town, Southern Shan State, Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic and political protests. G* power software was used to calculate the sample size. Data was collected by four self-administered questionnaires: a socio-demographic questionnaire, Thai Family Functioning Scale (TFFS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and Intention of Drug Avoidance Scale (IDAS). Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the data. Results: Five predictors, including biological sex, parental history without drug/alcohol abuse, self-efficacy, parental marital status, and family functioning, explained 24.4% of the variance in the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents (R2 =.244, F (5,151) = 9.738, p =.000). In addition, only three factors, family functioning (β =.31, p <.001), biological sex (β = -.25, p <.01), and self-efficacy (β =.16, p <.05) statistically and significantly predicted the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. Conclusions: Family functioning, female gender, and self-efficacy predicted the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents in Pinlaung Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Implications of this study: The results of this study have implications for all stakeholders through research, education, practice, and policymaking leading to improve the intentions of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. Furthermore, the results of this study specifically contribute to create psychoeducational intervention programs for increasing intention to avoid substance use by promoting family functioning and self-efficacy of adolescents. This is especially proper for male adolescents who have less intention to avoid substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of illicit synthetic drugs has undergone a significant shift from China to the Golden Triangle, profoundly impacting Southeast Asia's legal systems, drug enforcement and public health. This paper reviews the production, distribution and use of illicit synthetic drugs in the region, explaining their alignment with regulatory policies in China and Southeast Asia. The public health effects resulting from the increased production and use of synthetic drugs in Southeast Asia are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of public health protections such as harm reduction, treatment and rehabilitation. This study also discusses legal mechanisms to enhance control over illicit drug activities, mainly compound‐wide legislative prohibitions targeting present and future fentanyl and methamphetamine analogues. Moreover, it underscores the urgency for collaborative efforts between China and Southeast Asian states to mitigate the influence of Chinese cartels operating in the region. By elucidating the multifaceted challenges posed by the shifting drug production landscape, this paper highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach encompassing regulatory, law enforcement and public health measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis legalization has rapidly spread throughout the United States and is associated with multiple public health outcomes, including driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). To improve understanding of the relationship between legalization and DUIC, we tested two potential mediators of this relationship: perceived safety and perceived legality of driving high. We analyzed data from 1,236 current (past 30-day) cannabis users who were recruited from states with recreational, medical only, or no legal cannabis between 2016 and 2017 using address-based and social media samples. Using a generalized linear model and adjusting for cannabis legalization, demographics, living in a state with a cannabis-specific drugged driving law, frequency of cannabis use, and weights, we found that perceived safety (risk ratio [RR] = 2.60, 95% CI [1.88, 3.58]), but not perceived legality (RR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.67, 1.37]), was significantly associated with DUIC. Perceived safety mediated the relationship between legalization and DUIC (Coeff: −0.12, 95% CI [−0.23, −0.01]). Models stratified by frequency of cannabis use yielded results consistent with those of pooled models except that, for frequent users, cannabis-specific driving laws were associated with a significantly lower risk of DUIC (RR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92]). Agencies developing cannabis-focused drugged driving educational campaigns should consider the potential role of perceived safety of driving high in DUIC campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol and cigarette usage are major public health issues that particularly affect young people worldwide. Because most users begin using these drugs well before the age of 18, there are significant psychosocial and health consequences. This study seeks to identify the incidence of underage drinking and smoking in northern India and the multiple risk factors associated with this exposure. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents (13–18 years) from Northern India, to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice of usage of alcohol and tobacco. The study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire for interview purposes and analyzed via Epi Info version 7. Results: The mean age of the participants was 16.15 (1.34) years, of which 65.74% are males and 34.26% are females. 18.25% of students stay in a hostel. Of 108 participants, about 24.07% of students have tried their first cigarette before 18 years of age. 28.70% of students have people in their homes, and 41.67% have friends who use tobacco. Among the 108 respondents, 26.85% of students have tried or used alcohol before 18 years of age. Conclusion: It is crucial to create preventive techniques to lessen tobacco use in light of the significant negative health effects that come along with tobacco addiction. Spreading awareness among at-risk children and adolescents by limiting advertising and promotional efforts, early user detection and treatment are all examples of preventive techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opioid crisis in the United States has resulted in a dramatic increase in overdose deaths over the last two decades. This crisis has created an economic ripple affecting an important engine of growth: patenting. Using patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we show a negative effect of opioid prescriptions on the amount of patenting that occurs in a county. Despite inventive activities being hampered by the negative economic effects that opioid misuse creates in an area, we also find evidence that the opioid crisis incentivizes inventors to relocate. Similarly, we find a reduction in the number of high-tech firms and STEM graduates. We also show that the opioid crisis dramatically reduces the number of white and non-white inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the causal effect of earning a GED or vocational degree on future illicit drug use, employing random assignment into the United States' most comprehensive education and vocational training program for at-risk youth – Job Corps – as a source of exogenous variability in degree attainment. Nonparametric bounds under relatively weak monotonicity assumptions are constructed to allow the random assignment to violate the exclusion restriction when used as an instrument. We also use a fixed effect model and propensity score weighting to supplement the results. The results from different methods suggest that degree attainment may have the most significant effect in reducing the illicit drug use of blacks, while the results for whites and Hispanics are less conclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many assumed that Jamaica, and the historically marginalized traditional ganja growers, including the Rastafari, would finally be able to cash in on the green gold rush in an industry one venture capital firm called in 2018 "the most compelling opportunity in the history of capitalism." Jamaica has an opportunity to consolidate its position and build up a domestic and regional ganja economy centered around the traditional cultivators. Without steps to combat inequities, traditional ganja growers will be left behind The Predatory Perils of Cannabis Legalization in Jamaica: Medicinal marijuana markets present a major economic opportunity for Jamaica. [Extracted from the article]

Indonesia as a good market and good price, meaning that Indonesia is considered a good market and also has good business prospects for the circulation of these prohibited goods. Drug cases during the COVID-19 pandemic have increased significantly. Drug dealers take advantage of the momentum of the COVID-19 pandemic by distributing drugs in Indonesia. Innovation is needed in the current narcotics problem. This research aims to describe the situation and conditions of drug abuse in Indonesia during the COVID Pandemic, the criminalization of drug abuse in the perspective of neurocriminology and the prevention of drug abuse in the inherent supervision of the community. The writing method uses a qualitative method with a literature study model. The results show that neurocriminology can be used in sentencing drug abusers for rehabilitation while social control theory can be used in prevention efforts involving the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many factors influence the utilization of reproductive healthcare services in Kenya. Despite the effort by the government and other stakeholders to improve access and utilization of these services, there remains a major challenge in reaching out to marginalized segments of society. The study aims to examine the factors affecting the utilization of modern contraceptives by homeless women in Nairobi, Kenya, and draw policy recommendations based on the findings. The study utilized the logit model to analyze determinants of contraceptive utilization by homeless women in Nairobi using primary data collected from 196 households within Nairobi. The number of children per woman, age at first birth, living with a partner, drug abuse by the respondent, drug abuse by respondents' partner, poverty, child planning, health facility delivery, neonatal death incidence, knowledge of male sterilization, never attending school, primary school attendance, secondary school attendance, operating of small business and contraceptive spending significantly affect the utilization of modern contraceptives by homeless women in Nairobi, Kenya. The majority of homeless women in Nairobi utilized injectibles (26.63%) and implants (24.07%) as a form of contraception. The government should therefore provide a contraceptive mix that incorporates these forms of contraception to ensure maximum utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YES proto‐oncogene 1 (YES1) is an SRC family kinase (SFK) that plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, survival, and angiogenesis during tumorigenesis and tumor development. Reports suggest that YES1 amplification is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human malignancies. However, the mechanisms of drug resistance have not been fully elucidated. In this article, we review the literature on YES1 and discuss the implications of YES1 signaling for targeted therapy and chemotherapy resistance in malignancies. Moreover, recent advances in targeted therapy for YES1‐amplified malignancies are summarized. Finally, we conclude that targeting YES1 may reverse drug resistance and serve as a valuable tumor treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug abuse is considered a serious social problem, especially among youth. Those who successfully survive such behaviors, especially in high-risk locations, must have underlying factors worth learning. This research focuses on youth who can avoid using and abusing drugs in high-risk areas. The main objectives are to identify protective factors (PF) that successfully protect youth in high-risk locations and to examine the presence of risk factors (RF) in that particular community. Data were collected through ten focus group discussions (FGD) with youth participants who lived within identified hot spot high-risk areas of drug abuse. Each group contains five participants, which makes up a total of fifty youth participants. The FGDs were audio-recorded, followed by the transcribing process and the thematic data analysis. The finding shows that themes for protective and risk factors are divided into internal and external factors. Internal protective factors are represented mostly by religious knowledge and practice, followed by selfassertiveness. External protective factors are denoted by positive family influences, positive peer influence, and knowledge of drug abuse. On the other hand, internal risk factors epitomize the feeling of curiosity, lack of religious knowledge and practice to release pressure and stress, lack of effective coping skills, and seeking fun. External risk factors embody negative peer influence, lack of parenting skills, negative family influence, and negative neighborhood environment and occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic, progressive retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa, arise from genetic and environmental perturbations of cellular and tissue homeostasis. These disruptions accumulate with repeated exposures to stress over time, leading to progressive visual impairment and, in many cases, legal blindness. Despite decades of research, therapeutic options for the millions of patients suffering from these disorders remain severely limited, especially for treating earlier stages of pathogenesis when the opportunity to preserve the retinal structure and visual function is greatest. To address this urgent, unmet medical need, we employed a systems pharmacology platform for therapeutic development. Through integrative single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, we identified universal molecular mechanisms across distinct models of age-related and inherited retinal degenerations, characterized by impaired physiological resil-ience to stress. Here, we report that selective, targeted pharmacological inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which serve as critical regulatory nodes that modulate intracellular second messenger signaling pathways, stabilized the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome through downstream activation of protective mechanisms coupled with synergistic inhibition of degenerative processes. This therapeutic intervention enhanced resilience to acute and chronic forms of stress in the degenerating retina, thus preserving tissue structure and function across various models of age-related and inherited retinal disease. Taken together, these findings exemplify a systems pharmacology approach to drug discovery and development, revealing a new class of therapeutics with potential clinical utility in the treatment or prevention of the most common causes of blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for cannabis businesses to offer sustainable careers is significant and unique, especially since at least six more states are considering requiring LPAs as an entry ticket for the cannabis market. Keywords: collective bargaining; cannabis; New York; labor; full-time jobs EN collective bargaining cannabis New York labor full-time jobs 38 45 8 06/07/23 20230501 NES 230501 Graph: Weed Streetwear, Flickr As cannabis legalization sweeps the country, unionization of the industry is quickly following. Unionization efforts in New York's medical cannabis industry offer a prelude to union organizing in the state's new adult-use sector, which is expected to be much larger. Saul Guerrero, the union's Director of Cannabis Services has been Local 338's lead cannabis organizer since 2017. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on how financial and career incentives provided to police departments by local governments maintain racism, classism, and mass incarceration. Topics discussed include the use of policing to off-set budget shortfalls, financial incentives for revenue generation, and the historical context of racist and classist policing.

Keywords: Social networks; Sklare award; Sociologist EN Social networks Sklare award Sociologist 5 8 4 08/02/23 20230301 NES 230301 Professor Charles Kadushin, who died on 21 September 2022 at the age of 91, was a distinguished sociologist, mentor to generations of students, and generous colleague who shaped the work of many. The Bureau, established by Paul Lazarsfeld, was a leader in using quantitative survey data and in melding theory with action (see Kadushin [4]), After completing his doctorate in 1960, Kadushin began to climb the faculty ladder. [Extracted from the article]

Worldwide, incarcerated women are known to suffer adverse experiences that might increase the risk of suicide attempts during incarceration. The present investigation examines the prevalence of suicide attempts amongst incarcerated women in Spain and the factors associated with this. Between January and March of 2017 a total of 174 women, enrolled from two prisons in the southeast of Spain, completed anonymous self-report measures of demographic variables, penitentiary and sentence-related variables, mental distress (including depression, anxiety and stress), perceived social support, substance use (including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin and hallucinogens), prison victimization (property, verbal, physical and sexual victimization) and suicide attempts. Overall, 15.5 percent of women reported they had attempted suicide during their current incarceration. Compared with women who did not report suicide attempts, multivariate analysis showed that women reporting suicide attempts were more likely to report lower education levels, in-prison substance use, victimization and higher levels of mental distress. In order to prevent suicide amongst incarcerated women, victimization in all its forms, emotional distress and drug abuse in women with lower education levels should be considered highly targetable variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitioning from addiction into sober living is an immense challenge among drug dependents. After leaving rehab's safety net, they need to manage more obligations at home, such as placing new coping strategies into practice and encountering the possibility of relapse. Recent studies on relapse and recovery in the Philippines delved more into predictors and re-investigation of their recovery journey, and the role of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic in preserving sobriety is necessary. Using the convergent parallel design, 23 drug dependents who completed the 6-month drug rehabilitation and treatment program in Negros Island participated in the study. The DAST-10 was utilized to measure the degree of drug abuse-related problems, and the relapse tendency was differentiated using relapse and lapse. Results revealed that there were no significant differences between the participants' degree of drug abuse-related problem (1=1.96) and relapse tendency (1 =1.78) when grouped according to sex (1 =1.22), chronological age (=32.35), civil status (1=1.57), educational attainment (1 =3.13), employment status (1 =2.26), and types of illicit drug used (1 =3.13). Five participants were purposively selected for the episodic narrative interview. The themes revealed in relation to the purpose of the study are transitioning out of rehab, encounters during drug abstinence and relapse, driving force for change, ways of managing relapse, and pandemic's impact on life and sobriety. The findings of the study have implications for the program implementer of R.A. 9165 and provide evidence for the benefit of sectors offering facility-based drug rehabilitation and treatment programs, including the implementation and sustaining of the "Strengthened-Individualized Aftercare Drug Relapse Prevention Intervention.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug misuse is a critical issue related to both physical and psychological health associated with growing threats across the world. The role of pharmacist in preventing drug abuse is crucial to address prescription/OTC medication misuse. Aim and Objectives: To synthesize the research on misuse of prescription/OTC drugs, role of pharmacist in preventing and managing prescription/OTC medications induced health conditions and to provide methodological guidance for further research. Materials and Methods: Systematically searched epidemiological research on the topics relevant to the study through PubMed and EMBASE from 2017 to 2022 (n = 3022), studies are screened by title/abstract (n = 981) and full text articles are assessed (n = 153). The studies included for meta-analysis (n = 12) are selected by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. STATA Version 17.0 is used to analyse the data. Results: Out of 12 research articles, 6 were conducted on misuse of prescription/OTC medications and another 6 were about prevention and management of the drug abuse by pharmacist. The researchers analysed data through odds ratio, 95% CI at p-value of 0.001* by plotting forest plot. The overall effect size is found to be 1.96 (1.21, 2.71) with 95% CI that shows association between drugs misuse and pharmacist role in drug abuse. Publication bias and Heterogeneity are graphically represented through Funnel plot and Galbraith plot respectively. Conclusion: The researchers concluded that the drug misuse is the global burden and pharmacist can endeavour to offer the management and prevention of drug abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]