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Mesopores and silanol nests are known two technological keys that essentially control the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 zeolite. However, designing and controlling them without using chemicals so that the produced ZSM-5 can have strongly enhanced catalytic properties and more importantly can be applied at industrial scale have still been a big challenge up to now. The present study employed the 10 MeV electron beam (EB) generated from an industrial linear accelerator to introduce both the O-vacancy rich mesopores and stable triad-silanol nests in ZSM-5. The structural modification of irradiated ZSM-5 samples was explored by using SEM and FTIR combined with positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) including positron annihilation lifetime (PAL), Doppler broadening (DB) of electron–positron annihilation energy and electron momentum distribution (EMD). Obtained results indicated that EB irradiation could recover the defective-crystal structure as well as intensively modify the structures of ZSM-5. In particular, the mechanism for the solid-state crystallization and the formation of the O-vacancy rich mesopores (maximum size of ∼4.5 nm) in ZSM-5 under the combined EB irradiation (10−110 kGy) and calcination (600 °C) was, for the first time, proposed. The mechanism for the formation of stable triad-silanol nests in the channels of irradiated and calcined ZSM-5 zeolites was also explored. The present study, therefore, opens a new research path of applying both EB irradiation and calcination to produce ZSM-5 with novel features for industrial catalytic application at large-production scale.

Year 1956 was an important year for international road and freight transport. By this year Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) was made. The basic purpose of the Convention was to unify the rules in the international carriage of goods and thereby promote development of international trade. From the practical point of view, this was very important for both carriers and transporters. This Convention also describes the most important document in the international carriage of goods, which includes the consignment note of CMR as well. Recently this document is often associated with the term neutralization. Objective of this article was to clarify the meaning of this phrase in transport. In addition, the aim was to find out in what range carriers have real experience with neutralization of the consignment note of the CMR during the transport, for what types of goods and on what types of routes is the neutralization being used the most.

This paper displays the design and application of a model that simulates the queuing system of a fictional post office. Starting point for solving more complicated optimization tasks is to create a system model that consists of elements of reality and the relationships between these elements. The key part of the paper includes the model of a queuing system of a post office created in Anylogic simulation software. The model of the post office displays post office with 5 postal counters, a certain input flow and a certain service time with an exponential probability distribution. The model also includes statistics and cost calculation.

In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamics of rail passengers' negative attitudes that can be influenced by safety concerns and unreliable train operations. We mainly formulated and analyzed a mathematical model of fractional order and derived an optimal control problem considering the Caputo fractional order derivative. In the analysis part of the model, we proved that the solutions of the model for the dynamical system are non-negative and bounded, and determined the passengers' negative attitude-free and negative attitude persistence equilibrium points of the model. Both the local and global stabilities of these equilibrium points were examined. Furthermore, we verified the conditions necessary for the existence of optimal control strategies. We then proceeded to analyze the proposed control strategies, which aim to prevent negative attitudes and improve the attitudes of passengers who have already developed negative attitudes. Finally, we conducted numerical simulations to examine the effects of these control strategies. The results revealed that protecting passengers from developing negative attitudes and improving the attitudes of those who have already developed such attitudes are crucial for improving the overall attitude of railway passengers. These measures can effectively address any negative experiences caused by safety concerns and unreliable train operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article elaborates on measures aimed at increasing the performance of the rail freight transport carried out in the north-south direction. The measures are designed based on the implemented analyses focused on the analysis of the current situation of international trade and development of international transport as well as the analysis of the current situation of the European transport infrastructure. The north-south direction was selected due to the enormous increase of the transit road transportation.

The goal of this article is the fault analysis of combustion engines on the basis of the assessment of dependent variables: initial mileage, annual mileage and the annual number of orders made in the service and repair system compared with the independent factor, i.e. bus make. In the research four vehicle makes were tested: Jelcz M121, Mercedes-Benz Citaro, Solaris Urbino 12 and Autosan Sancity 12LF. The research encompassed the number of faults of a vehicle and its systems, the initial and annual mileage. It was conducted on the basis of 2015 data broken into particular months.

Road safety has an extremely important role in existing transportation systems. Drivers on the road are influenced various factors (light and temperature conditions, visual smog, environment surrounding, etc.) and the driver´s distraction represents the most common cause of road traffic accidents. According our previous researches, we found that visual smog has a negative influ-ence the drivers on the road. However, the task of placing the traffic signs on the roads is to increase road safety, thus positively influencing the driver while driving. The main objective of this article is to measure the visibility of traffic signs on selected road in specific light conditions (in night). Secondary objective is measure visibility of roadside ad-vertisement (billboards) near roads, that are influencing driver´s distractions in negative way. The mobile ETG technology (eye tracking glasses) has been used as a method for measuring the gaze of the driver's eyes on traffic signs in night conditions. We compared the results from our previous research (daylight conditions) with the obtained results from actual research. On the basis of the comparison both measurements we can found out differences (positive and nega-tive) in influence of traffic signs and road side advertisements on drivers in various light condi-tions.

Optimisation and stimulation of production, digital business, the fourth industrial revolution - this is how the current global economy is perceived. Continuous development of new information and communication technologies, economic globalisation, integration of financial markets, growing pressure on boosting higher added value, just as well as the ever- increasing differentiation of demand schemes became a challenge for the global economy. The article elaborates on the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the logistics, logistic chains as well as use of the Industry 4.0 in logistics. The article includes a new definition of logistics due to the Industry 4.0, which extends the basic production factors by a new term - „information“.

This article is about design and calculation of planetary gearbox which can be used in transport applications. The gearbox is designed with respect to the input parameters. The gearbox has two planetary gears. The model of gearbox is created in Simscape Driveline software containing blocks which represent the key components of the gearbox. There is also a kinematic analysis performed and confronted with the simulation results.

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a new trend in the world of information technology, which has a profound impact on all spheres of life. This technology is currently being applied in public transport services, which is confirmed by a number of passenger handling methods that use NFC throughout Europe. NFC technology offers convenience and mobility to users of public passenger transport. With NFC carriers may expand their portfolio of NFC supported services. This paper presents possible application of the NFC technology in railway passenger transport by introducing new products, and the possibility to expand the business portfolio of railway operators.

The main aim of the article is to present three concepts of load handling devices, adjusted to light goods vehicles of the weight up to 3.5 t. The design issue commissioned by Poczta Polska - the Polish Post was analysed. On the basis of the analysis the design assumptions were taken to design a device. The construction and the method of operation of the design structures suggested by the author were discussed. All the concepts were compared with one another with the use of a SWOT analysis.

The article deals with the present topic of solution of the tasks of a safe cooperation between human and robot within industrial applications. The attention is aimed at the utilization of state-in-art devices of computer vision and related methods of object recognition within the monitored zone of the laboratory of automated assembly. The article presents some steps of the computer vision system design with focus on the suitable sensors selection and experimental verification of their parameters for demands of monitoring the specified safety zones. The designed computer vision system is one of the elements of the complex safety system that is in the process of designing in the laboratory workplace conditions.

Controlled doping with an effective carrier concentration higher than 1020 cm−3 is a key challenge for the full integration of Ge into silicon-based technology. Such a highly doped layer of both p- and n type is needed to provide ohmic contacts with low specific resistance. We have studied the effect of ion implantation parameters i.e., ion energy, fluence, ion type, and protective layer on the effective concentration of electrons. We have shown that the maximum electron concentration increases as the thickness of the doping layer decreases. The degradation of the implanted Ge surface can be minimized by performing ion implantation at temperatures that are below −100 °C with ion flux less than 60 nAcm−2 and maximum ion energy less than 120 keV. The implanted layers are flash-lamp annealed for 20 ms in order to inhibit the diffusion of the implanted ions during the recrystallization process.

The aim of the presented article is to show how to create a mathematical model of the tension mechanism working by a spring motion generation and contacting a rigid body at the end of the motion.

The article outlines the methodology of statistical analysis of failure rate of active safety systems in buses. The theoretical discussion is illustrated with calculations carried out on the basis of empirical data covering a four-year period of operation of selected models of buses at the Motor Transport Company "Wschod" plc in Lublin (Poland). It was found that the distribution of distances travelled by the analyzed vehicles between successive repairs can be approximated by an exponential distribution