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In projects, a strategic component is to identify all risks that might influence their success, prevent and manage them effectively. Risk management is essential to add value to an investment and improve results. With the economic and financial crisis in recent years, increasingly, more companies have realized the importance of using a system of risk management, given the multitude of variables that can influence the success of a project. These include: legislative changes, global political and economic instability, natural disasters, climate change, human resources, liquidity risk, environmental impact, risk of erroneous calculation of total project costs, risk of failure into initial project schedule, prolongation risk, the risk of failure of internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) etc. The study proposes a new method of risk assessment and management in the investments projects with environmental impact and its application in a case study. The method will take into consideration besides the economic and financial indicators, hard to be understood by smaller investors, a set of simple and important questions that they have to analyze before deciding to start an investment project. The new methodology will have a comprehensive approach from identifying the investment opportunity, writing investment project until its implementation. This will take into account macroeconomic variables and the microeconomic environment that can influence the success of project implementation. The main advantage of applying the new methodology are: knowing all the variables that influence the success of a project realization; awareness of the importance of applying an effective risks management related to investment projects with environmental impact, increasing the quality and success of projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main objectives of S.C. AVI-TOP S.A. Războieni - Iasi management is the implementation and continuous improvement of a functional environmental management system in accordance with European standards and their integration into the unit's management systems. Environmental management strategy at S.C. AVI-TOP S.A. Războieni - Iasi aims to achieve a balance between economic and environmental protection outcomes, directing all activities towards eliminating pollution. The paper's aim is to analyze the environmental issues in S.C. AVI-TOP S.A. Războieni - Iasi, based on a case study. The company's waste has been identified and analyzed by the monitoring plan of the environmental factors. The study shows that an integrated preventive environmental strategy, covering processes, products and services, will increase efficiency and reduce the risk of both human health and environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S.A. Agroind Berezeni, Vaslui County was established under the Low nr. 36/1991, according with the Court decision No. 2 from 04.11.1991. Administrative, the company is from Berezeni Commune located just 5 km from the river Prut, border with Moldova Republic. It was the first agricultural unit from Vaslui County with private capital (4.3 billion lei) and second in Moldova, with the activity object: crop production, animal husbandry, processing and capitalization of agro-zootechnical products. Based on a good management, the main goal of the company was to design a production structures unit that meet the requirements of market economy, aiming to exploit the agricultural potential of the area, both by developing vegetable farms, and those of breeding, putting emphasis on cattle and sheep for milk and meat. S.A. Agroind Berezeni belonging to the Association of Cattle Breeders Association Birlad and Husi Eastern Group Association, which unites over 50 companies in the agriculture of the county of Vaslui. The unit has a total of 686 associates and has an agricultural area of 3727 hectares, of which arable land 3250. Trie strategy of development and efficiency of the unit was based on the integration process, by increasing investment both from own sources and from other sources (loans and attracting European funding by projects), so that currently, is technical and material developed and modernized, appearing new sectors such as: irrigation sector, processing sector for wheat and corn (corn and wheat mill, bakery), milk processing sector, drying and storing grain sector, dairy sector farm and mechanization modernization, etc. Based on this case study, the authors have proposed to highlight the development opportunities and improvement of agricultural units, based on practice an advanced management and marketing, leading to performance and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Romania is not an area with a extreme water stress, drought manifested from the end of July 2011 until September 2012 caused pedological drought. The winter snow from 2011-2012 was not sufficient to recover the water deficit. The south-east part of Romania was one the most affected area. First negative effect of the drought shown in corn was uneven emergence in the spring. The explanation of the phenomena is that the autumn plowing was done in though conditions resulting earth boulders which retained the water that in spring help only a part of the seeds to germinate and emerge. The other seeds germinated approximately after two weeks with the first rain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of water and heat stress during different growth stages in actual corn hybrids (Zea mays L.). The research methodology involves observations in vegetation in six locations to determine the effects of water stress, during vegetation. The water stress influence on different corn hybrids yield was determined in a polyfactorial field experiment (Siretel, Iasi County). The studied factors were: the hybrid (3 maturity groups) and planting dates (4 periods). During flowering and silking time, drought caused different abnormalities in corn husks and ears resulting in decreasing the yield. The hybrids behavior according to planting time was not significantly different in the field experiment, because the water and heat stress did not allowed the genetic potential to be maximum exploited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, agriculture has become intensive with an increased specialization of farms and regions. By increasing the productive capacity of soil and crop yields, by using fertilizers and plant protection products, agriculture has reached a stage where it is possible to obtain short term profitability of farms but on a long term, a negative impact on the environment. The main problems encountered are: negative effects on human health, contamination of surface and ground water due to nitrates and phosphates, compaction, soil erosion and degradation of landscape and wildlife habitat as a result of concentration of farms, development of monocultures, dismantling green fences and terraces, wet land drainage, etc. People living near a farm are likely to be exposed to pesticide droplets in the air and the water consumption or contaminated food. In this paper were identified and analyzed the existing main pollutants factors of air in vegetable farms specialized in cereals. To estimate emissions of greenhouse gases in a cereal farm, it was conducted a case study. The main factors identified as agricultural pollutants are: pesticides, odors, smoke, dust, pollen allergen and waste. The existing corn production technology in the focus company emphasizes the minimizing of CO2 emissions. Thus, the dose of chemical fertilizer is determined by soil analysis that is performed annually and the recommendations of specialists. Also, vegetal waste are chopped and incorporated, which significantly reduces the amount of CO2 emissions. The total amount of emissions is estimated at approx. 2.35 tonnes of CO2 per hectare of corn and 0.94 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of corn. Most emissions are from fertilizer, about 56.6% of the total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Romania's EU entry conditions, the development of free trade on the market, the integrated livestock units were forced to adapt and protect its trademarks and products, national, community and international level. At the same time, the brand has proved to be a very important element for any business, has become a strategic element with its own value and independence, that is becoming more pronounced and an integral part of any marketing and management strategy. Over time, the economic importance of brands has increased in direct proportion with increasing the role of advertising and the development of world and international trade. The brand has shown its importance by the ability to attract and preserve clients; it is an essential element of business customer growth. The trademark is the most valuable intangible intellectual assets of the company. The value of the brands as assets must be maintained and that companies must realize that managing with success a brand is essential for its survival. The certificate of trademark is the ownership act, which gives the holder an exclusive right to the brand for a period of 10 years, and after this period the mark has to be renewed for other periods of 10 years. The paper aims as objective, the methods identification that could influence the increase of market share through design, approval and protection of trademarks, based on a case study conducted at SC "AVI-TOP" S.A. Războieni-Iasi. Based on these methods, can be design a system for choosing the most efficient mix of brands in the portfolio of products, according to the distribution channels used by the company. Since the establishment of the company, its brands have been fundamental in achieving a successful economic outcome. The company currently owns four successful brands, which are serving the regional market of the northeast region of the country. Obviously, the success is due to the fact that each brand is consumer oriented and as they evolve, the marketing and branding of the company must also evolve. The rhythm of this development is accelerating every day and this is one of the factors that generate not only new opportunities but also new challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating a performing management in agriculture, as in any branch of the national economy is possible only knowing the perfect evolution of various economic and financial phenomena during a year of activity, their variation from the provisions and the dynamic evolution. Based on these data, corrective measures of the negative findings can be determined and extending the positive ones, to raise to a top speed the return of all financial and economic activities of farms, at the level of competitiveness imposed by the requirements and the market economic demands. Such competence can be gained through economic and financial analysis on the farm activities. Theoretically, the economic and financial analysis, study the methodology of financial and economical knowledge of the agricultural enterprise, the factors and causes that caused it, and internal reserves to improve results through more efficient use of available resources. Basically, economic and financial analysis tool acts as a scientific research of farms. It is equally a diagnostic function - helping to highlight various economic and financial results in terms of causal relations that have determined the stage requirements, and also a control function - helping to improve these results. The study was conducted in S.C. AGRO INTERNATIONAL S.R.L Galati, who owns a farm specialized in raising dairy cows located in the Braniştea village, Galati county, and was based on the following system of indicators: -total expenditure by category of animal; production cost and selling prices; total revenue and grants, by category of animals; net profit and net return rate on total farm activity; gross profit and gross return rate on total farm activity; gross profit and gross return rate on types of activities (operating activities, financing activities and exceptional activity); gross profit and gross return rate on organizational structure; gross profit and gross return rate on various products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If before 1989, Romania was one of the countries with the largest physical size of farms, after 1989 it became one of the countries with the lowest physical size of these holdings. In 2007, the first year after EU accession, the physical size of farms was 3.5 ha, our country being on the penultimate place in the EU 27 (exceeded only Malta whose total area was only 11 000 ha). The opposite stood the Czech Republic, with 89.3 ha per holding. Putting the two former socialist countries on diametrically opposed positions is the following of different applied policy in the transition of agriculture to a market economy. While Romania has pursued restoration of what was formerly in agriculture, in the Czech Republic was considered foreshadowing the future of agriculture. Consequently, in Romania has resulted atomization of agricultural holdings and fragmentation of land which exceeds what was about 50-60 years before, in the interwar period and the Czech Republic - a concentration of agricultural holdings land that placed it at the forefront of EU countries. Romania's agricultural policy during the accession to the EU was facing, no doubt, at the enterprise or farm size, measured by the single criterion of land surface in use or existing livestock, some acts showing the orientation sided, narrow and exclusive. Thus, by the provisions of Emergency Ordinance no. 108 / 27 June 2001 on commercial farms, farms are considered only agricultural units which have at least 110 ha of arable land in the plain (ie 50 hectares in hilly area) or 15 cows or 5,000 meat poultry or 100 pigs etc. The criteria for sizing of large, medium or small farms don't have a unified approach to economic theory. However, the most commonly used are the following two criteria established by: the attracted resources in production (in physical units), with reference, first, on the average size of holdings land and, secondly, at livestock, tractors and agricultural machinery and other elements of the production factors; the results achieved (expressed in physical or monetary units), with reference to the quantities of final products or proceeds. The literature, in the majority inclined to physical parameters or reflects the inputs or results. In Galati, characteristic of farms distribution by physically class size, is very large share of farms under 5 ha - 97.23% of all farms in the southern of Galati county, against 96.57% in the county of Galati and higher share of holdings with 50 and over 50 hectares - 0.88% against 0.56% in Galati county. The authors have proposed, using a case study, to highlight the common agricultural policy impact on physical and economic size of farms in the southern of Galati county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers frequently face abnormalities in corn when the crop experienced a major stress. Severe climatic conditions (for instance, hail, frost or flood), which destroy or affect the plant's growth top, can lead to tillers appearance and unproductive plants. The tillers are actually branches that are developed from axillary buds from the bottom of plant stem. The tillers are similar in morphology, with the main stem and are able to form their own root system, nodes, internodes, leaves, female and male flowers. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of corn tillers on actual hybrids in the eastern part of Romania and to identify the major stress factors that have led them. The research methodology involved observations in vegetation, such as: climatic factors, applied technology, major stress factors (drought, extreme temperatures, damage caused by chemicals applied wrong), etc. The tillers appearance in the studied locations was facilitated by the following causes: post-emergence spring cold, the stress of herbicides application after 6-8 leaf stage, inadequate density, well supplied soil in nutrients etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]