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Solid-state DC circuit breakers provide crucial support for the safe and reliable operation of low-voltage DC distribution networks. A hardware topology based on a cascaded structure with dual-stage, current-limiting, small-capacity, solid-state DC circuit breakers has been proposed. The hardware topology uses a series–parallel configuration of cascaded SCR (thyristors) and MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors) in the transfer branch, which enhances the breaking capacity of the transfer branch. Additionally, a secondary current-limiting circuit composed of an inductor and resistor in parallel is integrated at the front end of the transfer branch to effectively improve the current-limiting performance of the circuit breaker. Meanwhile, a dissipation branch is introduced on the fault side to reduce the energy consumption burden on surge arresters. For the power supply system of the hardware part, a capacitor-powered method is adopted for safety and efficiency, with a capacitor switch serially connected to the capacitor power supply for high-precision control of the power supply. Current detection branches are introduced into each branch to provide conditions for the on–off control of semiconductor switching devices and experimental data analysis. The high-frequency control of semiconductor devices is achieved using optocoupler signal isolation chips and high-speed drive chips through a microcontroller STM32. Simulation verification based on MATLAB/SIMULINK software and experimental prototype testing have been conducted, and the results show that the hardware topology is correct and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occasioned by the publication of The Revised Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, the text represents exchanges held in the summer of 2024 at the invitation of The Psychoanalytic Review. It addresses the genesis and the history of the project, and its impact on psychoanalytic rethinking, formation, and practice. While exploring the potential and the limits of revisioning, it also raises questions about the nature of transmission of psychoanalytic knowledge and about the field's relation to the state of its own standards in the age of Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de cet article est de décrire la manière dont la sortie annoncée de prison précipite le travail de liaison dans les derniers temps du travail psychothérapeutique et d'en illustrer les modalités transférentielles. Nous questionnons plus précisément les destins et fonctions de ce que nous proposons de nommer une « temporalité hallucinatoire » en psychothérapie, à l'aube de l'annonce de la sortie de prison. Pour illustrer nos propos nous nous appuierons sur le cas de Joël, incarcéré pour des faits de vol avec violence, en état de récidive légale. Il s'agit d'un patient suivi en psychothérapie hebdomadaire en milieu carcéral, et rencontré en unité de soins, dans les quelques mois qui ont précédé sa sortie. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous avons souhaité illustrer la manière dont la sortie de prison, en négatif du choc à l'incarcération, peut retentir sur la vie fantasmatique du sujet, entre anticipation et réalisation pulsionnelle. Les défenses mobilisées par Joël, en entretien, nous paraissent particulièrement pertinentes dans la manière dont elles appuient sur la poussée pulsionnelle au service de la montée en tension, produisant alors un effet de renversement du pôle passif au pôle actif jusque dans le temps de la séance. Cette temporalité surinvestie sur ses seuils de risques : entre sortir et rester, nous apparaît dessiner des contours artificiels comme autant de point de buté fantasmatiques pour forcer le système représentationnel au profit d'une circulation hallucinatoire. Les défenses mobilisées par Joël, en entretien, nous ont paru particulièrement pertinentes dans la manière dont elles ont appuyé sur la poussée pulsionnelle au service de la montée en tension, produisant alors un effet de renversement du pôle passif au pôle actif jusque dans le temps de la séance. Cette temporalité surinvestie sur ses seuils de risques : entre sortir et rester, nous apparaissait dessiner des contours artificiels comme autant de point de buté fantasmatiques pour forcer le système représentationnel au profit d'une circulation hallucinatoire aux fonctions masturbatoires. Si, dans la perspective des travaux de Roussillon que nous citions précédemment, nous concevons la symbolisation comme une expérience de subjectivation par l'emprise, il est aisé ici de concevoir la manière dont les remparts du cadre thérapeutique peuvent faire office de carrefour hallucinatoire, au moment tangeant de rêver, ou du moins de tenter d'« halluciner » la sortie. Le soutien de cet espace hallucinatoire : de la circularité temporelle à la temporalité fantasmatique, nous apparaît être favorisé par l'intercontenance mise au travail et décrite par Ciavaldini, jusque dans ses manifestations transférentielles en séance. L'au-delà de la séance, comme « au-delà du mur », mettrait ainsi à l'épreuve la solidité du rempart psychique façonnée par une autre voie que celle de l'emprise. The aim of this article is to describe the way in which the announced release from prison precipitates the work of linking in the final stages of psychotherapeutic work, and to illustrate the transferential modalities involved. More specifically, we examine the fates and functions of what we propose to call a "hallucinatory temporality" in psychotherapy, at the dawn of the announcement of release from prison. To illustrate our ideas, we will use the case of Joël, who has been detained in custody for armed robbery, and is in a state of legal recidivism. This patient was receiving weekly psychotherapy in prison and had been seen in a care unit in the few months prior to his release. In this article, we wanted to illustrate the way in which release from prison, as a negative of the shock of imprisonment, can affect the subject's fantasy life, between anticipation and impulse realization. The defenses mobilized by Joël during the interview seemed to us to be particularly relevant in the way in which they pressed on the drive in the service of the rise in tension, thus producing an effect of reversal from the passive pole to the active pole, even in the time of the session. This temporality, over-invested in its risk thresholds between getting out and staying in, seemed to us to draw artificial contours like so many fantasmatic stopping points to force the representational system in favor of a hallucinatory circulation with masturbatory functions. If, from the perspective of Roussillon's work cited above, we conceive of symbolization as an experience of subjectivation through domination, it is easy here to see how the ramparts of the therapeutic setting can act as a hallucinatory crossroads, at the tempting moment of dreaming, or at least trying to "hallucinate" the way out. The support of this hallucinatory space – from temporal circularity to fantasmatic temporality – seems to us to benefit from the inter-holding put to work and described by Ciavaldini, even in its transferential manifestations in the session. Beyond the session, as "beyond the wall", would thus put to the test the solidity of the psychic rampart fashioned by a path other than that of domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tsinghua Journal of Education is the property of Tsinghua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field that is beginning to enter the practice of medicine. Primary care is a cornerstone of medicine and deals with challenges such as physician shortage and burnout which impact patient care. AI and its application via digital health is increasingly presented as a possible solution. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on primary care physician (PCP) attitudes toward AI. This study examines PCP views on AI in primary care. We explore its potential impact on topics pertinent to primary care such as the doctor-patient relationship and clinical workflow. By doing so, we aim to inform primary care stakeholders to encourage successful, equitable uptake of future AI tools. Our study is the first to our knowledge to explore PCP attitudes using specific primary care AI use cases rather than discussing AI in medicine in general terms. METHODS: From June to August 2023, we conducted a survey among 47 primary care physicians affiliated with a large academic health system in Southern California. The survey quantified attitudes toward AI in general as well as concerning two specific AI use cases. Additionally, we conducted interviews with 15 survey respondents. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that PCPs have largely positive views of AI. However, attitudes often hinged on the context of adoption. While some concerns reported by PCPs regarding AI in primary care focused on technology (accuracy, safety, bias), many focused on people-and-process factors (workflow, equity, reimbursement, doctor-patient relationship). CONCLUSION: Our study offers nuanced insights into PCP attitudes towards AI in primary care and highlights the need for primary care stakeholder alignment on key issues raised by PCPs. AI initiatives that fail to address both the technological and people-and-process concerns raised by PCPs may struggle to make an impact.

BACKGROUND: 1.8 million Veterans are estimated to need legal services, such as for housing eviction prevention, discharge upgrades, and state and federal Veterans benefits. While having ones legal needs met is known to improve ones health and its social determinants, many Veterans legal needs remain unmet. Public Law 116-315 enacted in 2021 authorizes VA to fund legal services for Veterans (LSV) by awarding grants to legal service providers including nonprofit organizations and law schools legal assistance programs. This congressionally mandated LSV initiative will award grants to about 75 competitively selected entities providing legal services. This paper describes the protocol for evaluating the initiative. The evaluation will fulfill congressional reporting requirements, and inform continued implementation and sustainment of LSV over time. METHODS: Our protocol calls for a prospective, mixed-methods observational study with a repeated measures design, aligning to the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) and Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) frameworks. In 2023, competitively selected legal services-providing organizations will be awarded grants to implement LSV. The primary outcome will be the number of Veterans served by LSV in the 12 months after the awarding of the grant. The evaluation has three Aims. Aim 1 will focus on measuring primary and secondary LSV implementation outcomes aligned to RE-AIM. Aim 2 will apply the mixed quantitative-qualitative Matrixed Multiple Case Study method to identify patterns in implementation barriers, enablers, and other i-PARIHS-aligned factors that relate to observed outcomes. Aim 3 involves a mixed-methods economic evaluation to understand the costs and benefits of LSV implementation. DISCUSSION: The LSV initiative is a new program that VA is implementing to help Veterans who need legal assistance. To optimize ongoing and future implementation of this program, it is important to rigorously evaluate LSVs outcomes, barriers and enablers, and costs and benefits. We have outlined the protocol for such an evaluation, which will lead to recommending strategies and resource allocation for VAs LSV implementation.

In PMSM motor drive systems, control accuracy and resistance have always been the most important challenges for researchers. This paper addresses these two challenges and presents a control structure that makes the system performance robust against model uncertainties of system disturbances as well as sudden load changes. In other words, in this paper, an improved MPC controller has been presented, in which model uncertainties and possible disturbances on the system are considered during design. In addition, in order to apply the physical limitations of the electric motor during the design of this improved controller, the input limitations of the system have also been considered. Therefore, the desired MPC controller is a resistant and constrained MPC, it is resistant to uncertainties and disturbances. In addition, in order to further strengthen the control loop against sudden load changes, a sliding estimator has also been designed to estimate the load torque. This estimator itself is also resistant to the uncertainties of the model, which makes the entire control structure have a very robust performance. The performance of the method presented in this article has been compared with a conventional sliding method during a series of practical tests. The results showed that the proposed method has a higher accuracy of 3 rpm and a shorter convergence time of 2 seconds.

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Retinal blood vessel segmentation is important for detection of several highly prevalent, vision-threatening diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. Automatic retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial to overcome the limitations posed by diagnoses by doctors. In recent times, deep learning-based methods have achieved great success in automatically segmenting retinal blood vessels from images. In this paper, a U-Net-based architecture is proposed to segment the retinal blood vessels from fundus images of the eye. Three pre-processing algorithms are proposed to enhance the performance of the proposed method further. Based on experimental evaluation of the publicly available DRIVE dataset, the proposed method achieves 0.9577 average accuracies (Acc), 0.7436 sensitivity (Se), 0.9838 specificities (Sp) and 0.7931 F1-score. The proposed method outperforms the recent state-of-art approaches in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure a stable operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive under both DC link voltage and parameter variations, a robust control technique based on a new dynamic model that includes both drive’s and motor’s specifications is proposed in this paper. In the proposed controller, the first component of the drive’s control law consists of the d-component error of the stator current, and the second one is shaped based on the error in the square value of q-component of the stator current. To further deal with the dynamic alterations of the drive system, compensators are designed to reduce the adverse effects of rotor angular frequency variations and the difference between electrical and load torque errors. Another compensator based on the drive’s output power error is also placed at the q-component of the proposed control law. Moreover, a general operation curve (GOC) for the stator current is introduced to further assess the operation of the PMSM. In the next step, a comprehensive stability analysis verifying the stable operation of both d- and q-components of the stator current is performed using two closed-loop descriptions of the proposed control strategy. Several simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment are provided to verify the validity of the proposed control technique under various dynamic scenarios. It is worth mentioning that comparative results show that the proposed control technique compared to conventional PI controller has enabled the PMSM speed and torque to reach its 50% and 95% of their desirable values with respectively 42.9% and 28.6% less time. Also, the PMSM speed and torque responses due to proposed control technique have 75% less undershoot compared to conventional PI controller.

The advancement of precision medicine in modern biomedicine has been significantly propelled by the emergence of micro/nanorobots. The combination of micro/nanorobots and biomedicine offers unique advantages and holds attractive potential for applications. It effectively addresses the challenges encountered by traditional robots in areas such as driving, sensing, intelligence and other aspects, especially in the application of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which is a hot field of interdisciplinary research in recent years. This review succinctly delineates and analyzes the recent advancements of micro/nanorobots. First, the research achievements of micro/nanorobots in recent years are systematically classified and introduced from four perspectives: manufacturing design, drive control, biomedical application and degradation. In particular, in-depth discussions were conducted regarding the challenges and potential solutions encountered in each stage. Second, based on the latest research results of micro/nanorobots in biomedical applications, the development direction of industrial applications and key technical aspects that need to be paid attention to are emphasized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities of the micro/nanorobots. In the future, it is expected that micro/nanorobots will become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks. They will be implemented in vivo to assist medical doctors in diagnosing and treating diseases. This advancement shows significant potential for the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: To summarize selected late-breaking science on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention presented at the 2024 Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) conference. Recent Findings: The LIBerate-HR trial showed the efficacy and safety of lerodalcibep, a subcutaneous injection that prevents binding of Pro-Protein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin (PCSK) 9 to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptors resulting in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering in patients at very high risk or high risk of atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD). The AEGIS-II randomized patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (MI) with multivessel coronary artery disease and additional CV risk factors and found no benefit in major adverse CV events (MACE) with CSL112, an apolipoprotein A1 infusion shown to increase cholesterol efflux capacity. The Bridge-TIMI 73a trial showed a significant reduction in triglyceride (TG) levels with olezarsen, an antisense mRNA, in patients with moderate hyperTG with elevated CV risk. The BE ACTIVE trial showed significant improvement in step counts in patients given behavioral and financial incentives. The DRIVE study showed a significant increase in the prescription of either sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at elevated CV or renal risk with a remote team-based, non-licensed navigator and clinical pharmacist approach. The TACTiC trial showed increased and sustained use of statin therapy by patient-driven use of a web-based portal that calculated the ASCVD risk score and gave prompts. The VICTORIAN-INITIATE trial showed efficacy and safety in early use of inclisiran in patients with ASCVD who did not reach target LDL-C < 70 mg/dL despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. The ARISE-HF trial showed no difference in change of peak oxygen consumption with the use of an oral aldose reductase inhibitor, AT-001, in patients with well-controlled T2DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy with high-risk features compared to placebo. The PREVENT trial showed a significant reduction in target vessel failure at 2 years in patients with non-flow limiting vulnerable plaques with percutaneous coronary intervention and optimal medical therapy (OMT) compared to OMT alone. Summary: The late-breaking clinical science presented at the 2024 Scientific Session of the ACC paves the way for an evidence-based alternative to statin therapy and provides data on several common clinical scenarios encountered in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, due to the increase in traffic accidents, research has emphasized the importance of vision in driving. This research aims to study the relationships between publications and their corresponding authors and identify the different research areas on vision and safe driving that have awakened interest in researchers. Web of Science was the database utilized for searching publications from the first paper published (1957) to December 2021, selecting the keywords: driv*, safety, and vision. The publications' analysis was made using the CitNetExplorer, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software. A total of 3,777 publications and 3,887 citation networks were found. In 2019, there was a total of 391 publications and 15 citation networks. The most cited publication was "Older Drivers and Cataract: Driving Habits and Crash Risk" published by Owsley et al. in 1999, with 76 as citation index. By the clustering function, five groups were found that cover the main research areas in this field: ocular movements, detection systems, road safety, and age. The citation network offers both, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the main articles. Being a multidisciplinary field of study, current research emphasizes the importance of eye movements while driving, the visual impairment in elderly drivers, and the new video-based detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that Nietzsche shares the aim of contemporary Sellarsian efforts to reconcile the natural and the normative. However, as Joseph Rouse notes, the Sellarsian strategy collapses into dualism by virtue of its treatment of natural causality and normativity as different in kind and of the normative as operating parallel to the causal (Rouse 2002). The paper argues that Nietzsche avoids this dualism by offering a constitutively causal account of the normative. He does this by identifying the normative with dominant drives of the self. It is argued that these dominant drives, like natural causes in the world, are modally dispositional and differ from natural causes in degree rather than dualistically in kind. However, the identification of the normative status of our values with dominant drives has been subject to strenuous criticism. Specifically, it is argued that the normative cannot be identified with dominant drives for fear of eliminating the normative. The paper responds to these criticisms in detail and argues that the constitutively causal account of normativity that stems from Nietzsche's identification of the normative with dominant drives can be defended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is stated in the article that the volume of paper and cardboard production for packaging has increased in recent years. It is emphasized that the die cutting equipment, intended for the production of cardboard blanks of packages, is responsible and heavily loaded. High requirements for die cutting equipment, which are related to the peculiarity of functioning in conditions of heavy technological loads and high productivity, are pointed out. It is widely represented on the technological equipment segment by die cutting presses with wedging lever mechanisms for driving the pressure plate. The analysis of scientific publications was performed and the relevance of the task of researching the force load of the pressure plate drive mechanism was emphasized. Its left wedging contour is considered. Analytical dependencies for geometric synthesis of the pressure plate drive wedging mechanism links and the calculation of their angles current values are presented. Its initial position is taken as the position in which the cardboard blank touches the ejector cushions of the die board. It is taken into account that the process of die cutting cardboard blanks is completed with the horizontal alignment of the crank and the driving connecting rod in one line. It was established that the process of die cutting cardboard with a pressure plate includes two phases. The first one is associated with the deformation of the ejector cushions of the die board, and the second main phase is with the cutting of blanks along their contours and the creasing of fold lines in them. It is considerd that the second phase also includes the compression of the ejector cushions. Analytical dependences for calculating the component forces of the wedging mechanism links and the moment of force on the drive shaft are given. The starting peak of the relative moment of force on it was detected during the research of the main phase. The components of technological resistance accounted for by the blanks cutting, creasing and the deformation of ejector pillows are taken into account. It was established that during the first phase the drive load is significantly less than the load during the second main phase. The ratio of the moment of force peak values for different phases was obtained. The real picture of the pressure plate drive load nature in the process of die cutting cardboard blanks has been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the technological chain of book production bound with thread, an important operation is sewing book blocks with thread. This operation is performed on a thread-sewing machine. Its crucial components are mechanisms for driving the oscillating table and perforators. The article provides an overview of the work of researchers focused on the analysis and improvement of the technological process of sewing book blocks with thread. The review results show that a significant number of studies are devoted to reliability of thread-sewing machines. However, no current studies aim at improving the design of the table and perforator mechanisms. Existing research focuses on balancing excessive loads in the oscillating table drive by introducing additional balancing devices into the mechanism's design. The use of such devices is not always justified, as it complicates the mechanism’s design and increases its metal content. To improve reliability and productivity of thread-sewing machines, a scheme with a reciprocating table and a simplified cam-lever perforator mechanism is proposed. The improved cyclogram, when such mechanisms are used, will reduce the table's dwell time in the sewing zone and increase the machine’s overall productivity. A geometric synthesis of the oscillating table and perforator mechanisms has been carried out in relative dimensions. The linear displacement of the table has been determined under the condition of replacing its oscillating motion with a linear one. A reverse calculation method for geometric parameters of the combined cam-lever mechanism with a slider for the perforator drive has been developed. Based on the geometric synthesis of the perforator mechanism, the angular swing of the lever of the cam contour and maximum vertical linear displacement of the cam contour’s roller were determined. The geometric synthesis of the mechanisms for the reciprocating table and perforators in relative dimensions enables further kinematic and force analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les effets cliniques d'un dispositif de musique immersive utilisé comme lieu de médiation thérapeutique auprès d'enfants autistes. L'immersion musicale étant basée sur l'hypothèse que l'espace est une composante du timbre, il s'agit donc de croiser de manière inédite deux grandes questions problématiques de l'autisme : l'espace et la voix. Pour ce faire, les référentiels psychanalytiques post-freudiens et lacaniens sont mobilisés et discutés. Après avoir présenté techniquement le dispositif immersif et expliqué les caractéristiques spatiales et esthétiques des œuvres qui y sont jouées, les auteurs déploient le cas clinique d'un enfant autiste de 11 ans et en repèrent différents temps. Les effets de contenance apparus initialement se sont vite trouvés limités, et le dispositif presque rejeté par l'enfant. Ce n'est qu'à l'occasion d'une œuvre basée sur différentes spatialisations d'une voix que l'enfant a pu réinvestir le dispositif et la relation avec le soignant en qualité de double, allant jusqu'à inventer des jeux l'incluant. Pour éclairer les effets subjectivant de ces séances, les auteurs font un premier rappel du rapport spécifique que le sujet autiste entretient avec la voix comme objet a, en s'appuyant notamment sur la notion de « délocalisation de la voix » qui est active dans tous les dispositifs de mise à distance du timbre, ce dernier étant compris comme un des noms du Réel de la voix. L'article s'attache ensuite à décrire précisément les caractéristiques spatiales de l'œuvre à laquelle l'enfant s'est montré si sensible en renouvelant son rapport à l'autre. Or, après analyse, l'œuvre en question s'avère en fait être composée non pas d'un seul espace unifié ou unifiant, mais de plusieurs espaces sonores, parfois diffusés simultanément. La notion de délocalisation de la voix est alors confrontée au fait que l'œuvre de musique immersive peut offrir bien plus qu'un simple point de délocalisation de la voix dans le même espace : elle offre l'expérience de plusieurs espaces sonores simultanés, ce que nous proposons de nommer une « délocalisation de la délocalisation de la voix », permettant d'alléger d'autant plus le sujet autiste de ce que Lacan appelle le « poids réel du sujet » mis en jeu par l'objet voix. L'article est l'occasion de plusieurs points de discussion : d'une part, les œuvres musicales immersives ne doivent pas être considérées comme recréant un environnement sonore réaliste (de type réalité virtuelle), mais bien comme proposant des espaces sonores impossibles. À ce titre, il existe un enjeu aussi bien esthétique qu'éthique dans l'usage clinique qui peut être fait de ces dispositifs musicaux immersifs. D'autre part, la construction de l'espace autistique ne relève pas seulement du regard mais aussi de la voix en sa dimension pulsionnelle. Enfin, la délocalisation de la délocalisation de la voix permettrait au sujet autiste d'en expérimenter la part atopique, c'est-à-dire son impossible localisation. La construction de l'espace se ferait donc autour d'un point atopique. L'article cherche à démontrer l'intérêt que la clinique des médiations thérapeutiques par l'art peut trouver dans les recherches actuelles en composition électroacoustique, permettant de relancer les questionnements théorico-cliniques aussi bien sur l'espace que la voix. La dimension immersive est ainsi prise à la fois sur son versant musical et son versant transférentiel. The aim of this article is to highlight the clinical effects of an immersive music device used as a therapeutic mediator with autistic children. As musical immersion is based on the hypothesis that space is a component of timbre, the aim is to bring together in a novel way two major problematic issues in autism: space and voice. To do this, post-Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytical references are mobilized and discussed. After a technical presentation of the immersive device and an explanation of the spatial and aesthetic characteristics of the works played on it, the authors describe the clinical case of an 11-year-old autistic child and identify the different stages of the relationship. The initially observed effects of containment were quickly limited, and the child almost rejected the system. It was only during a work based on different spatializations of a voice that the child was able to reengage with the device and with the relationship with the caregiver as "a double," going so far as to invent games that included him. To shed light on the subjectivizing effects of these sessions, the authors first recall the specific relationship that the autistic subject has with the voice as an "a object," relying in particular on the notion of "delocalization of the voice," which is active in all devices for distancing the timbre, the latter being understood as one of the names of the Real of the voice. The article goes on to describe in detail the spatial characteristics of the work to which the child was so sensitive in renewing his relationship with the other. After analysis, the work in question turns out to be composed not of a single unified or unifying space, but of several sound spaces, sometimes broadcast simultaneously. The notion of the delocalization of the voice is then confronted with the fact that the work of immersive music can offer much more than a simple point of delocalization of the voice in the same space: it offers the experience of several simultaneous sound spaces, which we call a "delocalization of the delocalization of the voice," making it possible to relieve the autistic subject of what Lacan called the "real weight of the subject" implied by the voice object. The article raises several points for discussion: firstly, immersive musical works should not be considered as recreating a realistic sound environment (of the virtual reality type), but rather as proposing impossible sound spaces. In this respect, there are both aesthetic and ethical issues at stake in the clinical use that can be made of these immersive musical devices. Moreover, the construction of autistic space is not just a matter of the gaze but also of the voice in its impulsive dimension. Finally, the "delocalization of the delocalization" of the voice would enable the autistic subject to experience the atopic part of it, i.e. its impossible localization. Space is thus constructed around an atopic point. The article seeks to demonstrate how the clinical use of therapeutic mediation through art can intersect with current research in electroacoustic composition, making it possible to revive theoretical and clinical questions about both space and voice. The immersive dimension is thus considered from both a musical and a transferential perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fences can reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions, but it is not always possible to fence over long distances, especially not in multi-functional landscapes. Side roads, driveways, and the need for access to agricultural fields all result in gaps in the fence. In some cases, wildlife guards or gates are installed at access points. However, gates usually require people to get in and out of their vehicle and they are often left open. Wildlife guards are typically only suited for low traffic speed, and while they can be a substantial barrier to ungulates, they are readily crossed by species with paws, including bears. Electrified barriers embedded in travel lanes can be a substantial barrier to both ungulates and bear species and while they can be suitable for higher traffic volume and speed, the costs are typically higher than for low volume and low speed roads. We explored the potential of low-cost electrified barriers to keep bears from accessing fenced road corridors at low traffic volume and low speed vehicle access points. As a first step, we conducted the study on private land at a melon patch that was a known attractant for black bears. We investigated the effectiveness of an electric fence and 5 different types of electrified barriers designed to keep black bears out of the melon patch. The electrified barriers included a swing gate, a standard bump-gate, a modified bump-gate with conductive netting, drive-over wires a few inches above the ground, and a drive-over mat. Trail cameras were installed at each access point to document approaching black bears and potential crossings into the melon patch. The swing gate, modified bump-gate, drive-over wires, and drive-over mat were an absolute (100%) or near absolute barrier (94.3%) for black bears while the standard bump-gate was a poor barrier (48.4%). Through a step-by-step process, the weak points of the electrified barriers at the vehicle access points and the electric fence around the melon patch were addressed. After addressing a weak point at a vehicle access point, the bears increasingly dug under the fence to enter the melon patch. However, eventually the melon patch became almost inaccessible to black bears. The number of black bears trying and succeeding to enter the melon patch at a particular location depended on how difficult it was to enter at other locations. This illustrates that fences and vehicle access points should be designed, operated, maintained, and monitored as a system rather than as individual features, regardless of whether the goal is to protect crops or to keep animals out of a fenced road corridor. The total number of black bear observations at the locations monitored with a trail camera, regardless of which side of the fence or electrified barriers the bears were on, was 95% lower in 2021 than in 2020. Combined with having no indication of a substantial drop in black bear population size from 2020 to 2021, this suggests that after the black bears were no longer able to enter the melon patch, they drastically reduced their presence in the immediate surroundings and reduced their effort to try and access the crop; the attraction of the melon patch and the habit of eating its melons was broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Sallis's Death Will Have Your Eyes (1997), Drive (2005), and Driven (2012) comprise a triad of neo-noir narratives that exploit but also undercut the American archetype of the open road as a mythic space of possibility. Like picaresque antiheroes, the protagonists of these minimalist novels find themselves caught up in webs of suspicion and pursuit that they can evade only by recourse to perpetual movement. In the course of their peripatetic journeys the main characters find temporary escape from victimization, but ultimately they know only the grey and depleted horizons of landscapes already traversed. In this regard Sallis's neo-noir fiction reveals an affinity to Cormac McCarthy's The Road (2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the depletion model of self-regulation, this study investigates how death anxiety depletes the energy of SLBs, resulting in negative consequences for their work drive and public service performance. The study also examines the importance of trait mindfulness as a boundary condition for determining whether the psychological and work-related outcomes of death anxiety are more or less severe for some SLBs. Using time-lagged and supervisor-matched data from 417 respondents, our findings provide new insights into SLBs' psychological response and job performance in the face of a life-threatening global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Studying the types of perception of difficult life situations is a demanded task, since knowledge about the subject’s perception of ongoing events allows us to predict the characteristics of his interaction with the situation. The article presents a classification of the perception of difficult life tasks — situations that involve achieving a significant difficult goal. The basis for identifying types is the subject’s focus on approaching a difficult situation or avoiding it. Objectives. Objective is an analysis of the desire for difficulty associated with the experience of drive, as a type of perception of difficult life task. Study Participants. The study involved 611 respondents (Mage = 25; SD = 5.8; 427 women), students and specialists of various professions. The type describing the desire for difficulty was identified in 11 % of cases. Methods. To collect data, we used the Structured Description of the Situation Technique (allowing us to obtain qualitative data) in combination with the “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situations” questionnaire. Based on the profile of the respondent on the questionnaire and the characteristics significant for the type, each description of the difficult life task was assigned to one of five types. The data processing procedure included content analysis and mathematical processing (Mann — Whitney U test, frequency analysis). Results. The features of striving for difficulty as a type of perception of difficult life tasks are highlighted based on the analysis of categories characterizing the content of the situation, emotions, energy, appraisals of life tasks, coping, goals, possibilities and restrictions, worst-case scenario and best-case scenario. It is shown that this type involves the experience of positive emotions, fullness of energy and possibilities, the desire to achieve the best results, and goals of self-development. This is associated with a positive appraisal and reappraisal, approach coping, a sense of control over the situation. At the same time, a characteristic feature of the desire for difficulty is an ambivalent attitude towards a difficult task. Conclusions. The study demonstrated a number of signs that reliably distinguish the desire for difficulty from other types of perception of difficult life tasks, which gives grounds to consider it a separate type.

Solid-state DC circuit breakers provide crucial support for the safe and reliable operation of low-voltage DC distribution networks. A hardware topology based on a cascaded structure with dual-stage, current-limiting, small-capacity, solid-state DC circuit breakers has been proposed. The hardware topology uses a series–parallel configuration of cascaded SCR (thyristors) and MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors) in the transfer branch, which enhances the breaking capacity of the transfer branch. Additionally, a secondary current-limiting circuit composed of an inductor and resistor in parallel is integrated at the front end of the transfer branch to effectively improve the current-limiting performance of the circuit breaker. Meanwhile, a dissipation branch is introduced on the fault side to reduce the energy consumption burden on surge arresters. For the power supply system of the hardware part, a capacitor-powered method is adopted for safety and efficiency, with a capacitor switch serially connected to the capacitor power supply for high-precision control of the power supply. Current detection branches are introduced into each branch to provide conditions for the on–off control of semiconductor switching devices and experimental data analysis. The high-frequency control of semiconductor devices is achieved using optocoupler signal isolation chips and high-speed drive chips through a microcontroller STM32. Simulation verification based on MATLAB/SIMULINK software and experimental prototype testing have been conducted, and the results show that the hardware topology is correct and effective.

Shifts in body-image ideals over the past 30 years towards leaner, muscular bodies have revealed new health behaviors that may be related to cognitive function. This study objective was to investigate prospective associations between a drive for muscularity and/or muscularity-oriented disordered behaviors (MODBs) with cognition. Data were drawn from Add Health, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort dataset. Drive for muscularity and MODB engagement were assessed in emerging adulthood (ages 18-26). Cognition was measured via immediate word recall, delayed-word recall, and number recall at 7-years later (ages 24-32). Analyzes were conducted in 1976 participants with available data. A one-way ANCOVA revealed that those with a drive for muscularity had lower immediate word recall (F(3, 12,819) = 3.845, p = .009) and delayed word recall (F(3, 12,807) = 5.933, p

With reference to the fantasy and its traversal, this article examines the relation between desire and jouissance in the analytic experience, where the object a "can only be deduced to the extent of each individual's psychoanalysis". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their descriptions of the life dynamics of tendencies as "blind but oriented," both Scheler and Husserl outline an alternative model of intentionality to Brentano's conception of mental reference to determinate objects or meanings. In my reading, their phenomenological consideration of tendential structures will reveal tendency as an essential moment of intentionality. A horizon of indeterminacy turns out to be constitutive of every intentional act as a tendency toward or away from something. This paper develops as follows: First, I will present Max Scheler's nuanced differentiation of tendential life and the systematic horizon of his model of blind but oriented tendency, which seeks to offer an alternative to the mechanism/teleology dichotomy. Second, I will present Jocelyn Benoist's framing of the same question in the opposition between blind drives and consciousness. Benoist's radical critique of the interpretation of intentionality as a tendency condenses in his clear assertion that drives cannot be intentional because they are constitutively blind. Benoist accuses Edmund Husserl of nothing less than murdering intentionality through phenomenological vivisection, i.e., by extinguishing in reflection the tension inherent in conative intention and watering down the concept of intentionality to such an extent that it also includes cognitive acts. I will therefore turn my attention to the alleged culprit. I will show that Husserl's broad concept of intentionality is not only negatively justified by the possibility of transforming tendencies into a consciousness of their implicit object, but rather positively justified by the directed dynamics of both passive and active forms of intentionality. In the conclusion I will show how Husserl's constitutive analyses move along lines akin to Scheler's insights and call for a revision of overly static interpretations of the phenomenological concepts of intentionality and teleology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article a pour but de proposer un parcours de la notion de sublimation dans l'enseignement de Lacan. Plus précisément, il s'agit d'aborder cette notion de sublimation non à partir de la création artistique, mais à partir de sa fonction dans la relation amoureuse, telle que Lacan la valorise à partir de son usage de la catégorie de l'amour courtois. Ce travail repose sur une étude des développements donnés par Freud et Lacan au sujet de la notion de sublimation et de la rencontre amoureuse. Après une reprise des principes et notions historiques de l'amour courtois, seront successivement abordés, la question du coup de foudre amoureux chez Freud, l'articulation des notions de sublimation et l'idéalisation ; les développements que Lacan consacre à l'amour extatique et sa distinction avec l'amour narcissique, la conception de la Chose, enfin, la distinction entre deux types de sublimation distinguées par Lacan en 1969 : celle qui s'accomplit via l'objet pour atteindre la femme, l'autre qui s'accomplit via la pulsion, dont le type est l'œuvre d'art. Lacan appuie sa version de la sublimation, sur une distinction entre l'instinct et la pulsion, qui tend non pas vers un objet mais vers das Ding. Ce champ de la Chose qui se situe au-delà de la régulation du principe de plaisir, désigne celui de la jouissance, qui est électivement visé par la sublimation. Cette jouissance interdite constitue un vide, autour duquel vient se constituer la création. L'objet qui joue un rôle primordial dans la sublimation ne se réduit jamais à un objet narcissique, relevant d'une idéalisation imaginaire, mais un procédé dirigé vers le réel de la Chose inatteignable. La sublimation amoureuse permet de concevoir qu'il n'existe pas de désexualisation de la pulsion. L'amour courtois joue sur cette double articulation, qui permet à la fois au désir de s'adresser à un être de signifiant, à partir d'une création langagière poétique, mais aussi d'autoriser l'exercice d'une jouissance transgressive, en rapport avec le corps du partenaire. The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the notion of sublimation in Lacan's teaching. More specifically, the aim is to approach the notion of sublimation not from the point of view of artistic creation, but from the point of view of its function in love relationships. Lacan uses the category of courtly love in particular to highlight this dimension. This work is based on a study of Freud's and Lacan's developments of the notion of sublimation and the amorous encounter. Following a review of the historical principles of courtly love, we will successively address the question of love at first sight in Freud, the articulation of the notions of sublimation and idealization, Lacan's developments on ecstatic love and its distinction from narcissistic love, the conception of the Thing, and finally the distinction between two types of sublimation distinguished by Lacan in 1969: that which is accomplished via the object to reach the woman, the other which is accomplished via the drive, the prototype of which is the work of art. Lacan bases his version of sublimation on a distinction between instinct and drive, which tends not towards an object but towards das Ding. This field of the Thing, which lies beyond the regulation of the pleasure principle, designates that of jouissance, which is electively targeted by sublimation. This forbidden jouissance constitutes a void around which creation is constituted. The object that plays a primordial role in sublimation is never reduced to a narcissistic object of imaginary idealization, but instead relates to a process directed towards the real of the unattainable Thing. Sublimation in love allows us to conceive that there is no desexualization of the drive. Courtly love plays on this double articulation, which allows desire to address itself to a signifying being, based on a poetic linguistic creation, but which also authorizes the exercise of a transgressive jouissance, in relation to the partner's body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Sallis’s Death Will Have Your Eyes (1997), Drive (2005), and Driven (2012) comprise a triad of neo-noir narratives that exploit but also undercut the American archetype of the open road as a mythic space of possibility. Like picaresque antiheroes, the protagonists of these minimalist novels find themselves caught up in webs of suspicion and pursuit that they can evade only by recourse to perpetual movement. In the course of their peripatetic journeys the main characters find temporary escape from victimization, but ultimately they know only the grey and depleted horizons of landscapes already traversed. In this regard Sallis’s neo-noir fiction reveals an affinity to Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006).

ObjectiveIn youth, a preoccupation with weight and the desire to be thinner, or drive for thinness, might persist into adulthood and predict reward-based compulsive eating and greater weight status.MethodsA total of 623 women were enrolled from a prospective cohort study starting at 10 years old and assessed up to 20 years later. Drive for thinness was measured five times during adolescence. In adulthood (mean age = 39.5), drive for thinness, reward-based eating drive, and BMI were measured.ResultsStructural equation modeling found cumulative adolescent drive for thinness predicted higher scores for both adult drive for thinness and reward-based eating drive. Youth drive for thinness was not directly associated with adult BMI but rather indirectly through adult drive for thinness. Reward-based eating drive was not associated with adult BMI.ConclusionsDrive for thinness during the critical developmental years may exert long-term effects on adulthood eating behaviors tied to greater weight gain, potentially reflecting an important early target of intervention.

To increase the productivity of boom cranes, the operation of individual mechanisms is combined. At the same time, dynamic loads on structural elements, drive mechanisms and loads on a flexible suspension increase, which reduces the reliability of crane operation and increases energy losses. Therefore, the research aims to consider the problem of the dynamics of the joint movement of the mechanisms for load slewing and hoisting of a boom crane. To study the dynamics of the joint movement of the mechanisms, the boom system was represented by a mechanical system with 6DOF, where the basic movement of the mechanisms and the oscillatory movement of the structural links with elastic and dissipative properties, as well as the load on a flexible suspension in the plane of crane slewing and hoisting were considered. For such a mechanical system of a crane, the differential equations of the joint motion of the crane slewing and hoisting mechanisms were developed. The obtained equations are a system of the second order nonlinear differential equations, for solving which a numerical method in the form of a computer program was used. Using the developed program, the dynamics of the joint movement of the mechanisms of a jib crane with specific numerical parameters were calculated. Based on the calculations, a dynamic analysis of the joint movement of the mechanisms for slewing and hoisting the load of a jib crane with a hoisting boom was carried out, which revealed high-frequency vibrations of links with elastic and dissipative properties, as well as low-frequency oscillations of the load on a flexible suspension. The greatest impact of oscillations is observed during the start-up of mechanisms, where high-frequency oscillations dampen during the transient process, and low-frequency oscillations dampen over a fairly significant period. To improve the dynamic properties of the mechanisms for turning and hoisting a load during their joint movement, it is proposed to optimise the mode of movement in the areas of transient processes (start-up, braking). The research results can be used in the development and operation of cranes in mechanical engineering, construction, and other industries

An executive precision universal mechatronic module is considered, which allows performing precision rotational motion of the output kinematic link. The universal mechatronic module is designed to create the kinematics of mechatronic guidance systems and positioning of objects of aerospace technology. The key features of the executive precision universal mechatronic module are high positioning accuracy, low weight and overall dimensions. The aim of the work is to create a finite element model and analyze dynamic loads to assess the resistance of the structure to external vibration loads. The first section describes the creation of a finite element model taking into account the radial and axial stiffness of the supporting structural elements. The second section describes performing static analysis to create a preloaded state, and performing dynamic analysis. The influence of sinusoidal and random vibrations is investigated, the natural frequencies of the universal mechatronic module design are determined.

Purpose. The study is aimed at: determining the nature of the influence of design data on the technical characteristics of a two-pipe vibratory conveyor with an eccentric drive, in particular, the pipe diameter and drive power; building analytical dependencies of these values on the design characteristics: type and properties of the cargo, length of transportation, productivity; conducting a graphical analysis of the influence. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we used the calculation algorithms presented in the modern technical literature and analyzed the factors and values that affect the values of drive power and pipe diameter. It has been established that to determine the drive power of vibratory conveyors, it is necessary to carry out a detailed calculation, which includes: the angular velocity of the conveyor, the rotational speed of the eccentric shaft, the material transportation speed, the internal diameter of the pipe, the total mass of the oscillating system, the stiffness of the elastic system and the parameters of the springs, the forces in the connecting rod in the case of the resonant mode of operation and during the start-up period. Findings. For a two-pipe vibrating conveyor designed to transport a lead conglomerate, a graphical analysis of the influence of the length of transportation, productivity on the drive power and overall dimensions of the pipe was carried out. It was found that the function of the pipe diameter change with capacity is nonlinearly increasing (when other parameters are fixed), and the drive power with capacity is linearly increasing. Originality. The authors first studied the dependence of drive power and pipe diameter of a two-pipe vibrating conveyor with an eccentric drive on the lower pipe, and built analytical dependencies of technical characteristics (power and diameter) on design parameters: productivity, transportation length, type and physical and mechanical properties of the transported cargo. For a conveyor that transports lead sinter, graphical dependencies of the pipe diameter and drive power on the capacity and length of the conveyor were constructed. Practical value. The use of the constructed dependencies makes it possible to determine the general nature of the change in the above technical characteristics in the case of varying design parameters such as conveyor capacity and length. The proposed dependencies can be used to quickly determine the rational power of the conveyor drive for specific design data.

Underground mining operations are known to result in extensive surface subsidence, introducing a multitude of disturbances to surface vegetation, with particularly severe environmental impacts in the fragile ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. This study focuses on the Daliuta mining area located in semi-arid zones, selecting four distinct areas for data analysis. Areas A, B, and C fall within the mining perimeter and have all been affected by mining-related disturbances. Following coal extraction, Areas A and B underwent artificial rehabilitation measures, including fracture infilling and sea buckthorn plantation; Area C was left in its natural state without any artificial interference. Area D, unaffected by mining activities, was designated as the control group. The research utilized 60 Landsat satellite images spanning from 1988 to 2022. Employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC), the study classified the experimental zone’s vegetation cover and degradation into six levels, ranging from low to high. By comparing the average vegetation cover over an extended period, changes across different vegetation cover levels, and the degree of vegetation degradation before and after mining, the study assessed the impact of underground mining on surface vegetation. The conclusions drawn are as follows: Mining operations caused significant damage to the vegetation in Areas A and B, yet artificial restoration measures notably improved the vegetation quality, with an overcompensation effect observed in Area A, suggesting the potential for ecological restoration efforts to create a vegetative environment that exceeds its original condition in the long term. Mining activities also induced continuous ecological adverse effects in Area C, but the natural regeneration process progressively restored the vegetation to pre-mining levels over time. Based on these findings, the study reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation damage and recovery across different mining periods and land reclamation stages. It proposes a restoration strategy for mine areas in semi-arid regions that prioritizes natural regeneration supported by artificial guidance. This work provides valuable insights and guidance for assessing the impact of underground coal mining on surface vegetation in semi-arid areas, as well as for the rehabilitation and ecological reconstruction of mine areas, emphasizing the necessity and urgency of conducting environmental assessments and implementing restoration measures.

In the introduction to The Psychology of the Transference (1946), Carl Jung sketched out a theory of "erotic phenomenology" which condenses his teaching about sexuality and romantic love into a very concise summary. But the meaning of this passage is obscured in the English translation given in the Collected Works of C. G. Jung. I propose here a new translation which makes Jung's meaning clearer, along with a commentary which explains it in the context of Freudian drive theory and German 19th century philosophy. Invoking the concepts of instinct, mind, and Eros (both the passion and the divine figure), Jung's theory says that male sexual desire can be cultivated or repressed in four distinct ways, each associated with a female symbolic figure or anima image: Eve, Helen, Mary and Sophia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continuation with my on-going research and presentations on sport as a field of channeling and externalizing cruelty and violence, as a field of transfiguration of drives, in this paper I will examine instincts, drives and sublimation in Freud and post-Freudian psychoanalytic literature within the context of sports. Freud was influenced by Nietzsche on his drive theory; however, in Freud it assumes a specific meaning and finds its place within the context of his overall psychoanalytic work, especially in relation to his second topology of the human psyche that consists of id, ego and superego and his theory of sublimation. Ultimately, Freud reduces all drives to Eros and Thanatos and explains their workings in relation to the constitution of the psyche. Sublimation has a direct correlation to drives, which is a culture/individual specific way of treating and channeling drives; sublimation also has much to do with suffering and how we deal with suffering (and other emotions as I discuss in my book, Emotion in Sports). What I would like to explore in this paper is to understand in what ways sport is a form of sublimation and how sport may address the subject of drives, both Eros and Thanatos. Since Freud sees both of these drives as bound together in many contexts, does sport constitute one of those areas? What type of psychic constitution does the sporting culture assume? Or, to put it differently, what are the dynamic relations of the different parts of the human psyche, the id, the ego and the superego, in the practice of sport and in the community of sports? Here and elsewhere, in agreement with Jung, I will include discussion of 'collective unconscious', as I explore the significance of symbols of sport in the life of individuals and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud claimed that objects are means of satisfying drives (Freud, 1916), a view that was strengthened by object-relation theories, which claims that drives are primarily object-seeking (Fairbairn, 1946). In a recently published paper, I have suggested modifying this assumption. I argue that while drives are consciously directed at objects, they are unconsciously directed solely at characteristics (Saad, 2022). In this paper, I examine the distinction between directing drives at characteristics and directing drives at objects. I then use this distinction to make a distinction between transference relations and real relations. Finally, I show that the characteristic/object distinction might reveal intrapsychic conflicts in which the subject is consciously attracted to an object and unconsciously repulsed by its characteristics (or vice versa), and I examine how these conflicts can be analyzed within the psychoanalytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pedagogía y Saberes is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In psychoanalysis, pathology is broadly divided into two distinct parts: the neurosis and the psychosis. The distinction is based primarily on the subject-object relation in the three psychic registers. The lines separating them are quite ambiguous and as a result, any easy classification or intervention becomes difficult and problematic. Antonio G. Iñárritu brings out this ambiguity in his masterpiece Birdman (2014). The movie depicts the ambiguous position of the central character, Riggan Thomson, who is a washed-up celebrity trying to make a return to fame through his Broadway debut. In this paper, we will attempt to bring out the subtle differences separating Riggan's subjective position from a psychotic and also provide a reading of the ending, where we argue that we get to see the emergence of an ethical subject. The suicide attempt of Riggan becomes a Symbolic suicide, an Ethical Act par excellence because of its manifestation as a radical break, a paradigm shift that changes the very frame of subjectivity. The researcher proposes a reading of the film that locates in Riggan, a journey from the pathological to the ethical, in a similar vein to what the French psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan describes as navigating through desire and into the realm of the drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]