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The presence of Roman material in early Anglo-Saxon graves in England is well documented, and recent excavations at Scremby in Lincolnshire have revealed a complete copper-alloy enamelled drinking cup in a sixth-century ad female burial. Not only is such a Roman vessel a very rare find, but also its inclusion in an early medieval grave makes it a unique example of the reuse of an antique object in a funerary context. This article presents a typological and metallurgical analysis of the cup and selected comparative examples from England and France are discussed. The context of deposition and the role the cup played as a burial container for animal fat are examined, as are the mechanisms that lay behind the cup's continued life several centuries after its manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A striking find emerged from a tumulus in the eastern necropolis of Daskyleion in northwestern Anatolia: a white-ground cup depicting Hermes Psychopompos leading a deceased woman to the underworld. This article focuses on the painter or workshop associated with the cup and questions how it ended up in the multicultural context of a noble grave in a Persian satrapal center. The stylistic study of the vase painting suggests that the tondo was created by a Polygnotan painter, probably the Kleophon Painter, and the palaestra scene on the exterior may be by a lesser painter of the period, the Painter of Heidelberg 209. The outcome of the study challenges our knowledge of Classical Attic vase painting and provides clues about the eastern pottery trade of the late fifth century BCE. Considering the exclusivity of the cup, it must have been brought here as the product of a special and individual commission. 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep drawing is the process of producing cups using a punch to shape the desired shape by pushing the sheet from the center into the die cavity between the die and the blank holder. As the sheet flows into the die cavity between the punch and the die, the cup is formed by convert to the special shape of the die. This study was carried out to determine the effect of geometric parameters of the die on the limit drawing ratio and cup wall thinning in deep drawing of rectangular cups. In the study, angles of a=0°, a=3°, a=6° and a=9° are given to the die upper surface/blank holder lower surface. The blank holder force and punch speed has applied to 1800 daN and 4 mm/s, respectively. The gap between the die/punch is 1.2 mm. The bottom of punch and edge radii and the die throat radii were used at 6 mm. St37 steel sheet with a thickness of 0.9 mm was used in the experiments. In order to determine the wall thickness changes of the cups, the cup was precisely cut from the edge corners along its height and the wall surface was divided into grids at 10x10 mm intervals from the end of the base radii towards the rim. Wall thickness changes were measured on Mitutoyo LH-600E precision linear measuring gauge with a precision of 0.001 with a point contact. Significant wall thickness changes is occurred in the cups and ranged from 0.371 to 0.910 mm. The maximum wall thickness change occurred in the lower corners of the cup and was determined as 0.373 mm. The limit drawing ratio has been obtained ß=1.6 at a=0° and ß=2.31 for a=9°. As a result, it has been determined that the die geometry has a significant effect on the limit drawing ratio and wall thickness changes by giving angles to the upper surface of the die and the lower surface of the blank holder for the production rectangular cup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on experiments conducted on the wind tunnel at low wind speeds (<9.5 m/s), on an experimental model of S-rotor wind turbine type with four blades and a D/H ratio of 1. Semi-cylindrical cups opposite 180 degrees are aerodynamically coupled by overlap and with an air passage gap to equalize the pressures. The formed channel is shaped to allow the same for pairs of blades at 90 degrees. The experimental model has an area of 0.025 m² which represents 10% of the surface of the measuring section of the wind tunnel (0.25 m²). The behavior of the experimental model was compared with the experimental models of S-rotor with 2, 3 and 4 semi-cylindrical cups, with the same interception surface. The results confirm the better start of the experimental model by reducing dead zones and operating more evenly and stably over a longer range of wind speeds. The results confirm the validity of the proposed concept of interwoven aerodynamic coupling of semi-cylindrical cups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops model-based grasp planning algorithms. It focuses on industrial end-effectors like grippers and suction cups, and plans grasp configurations considering computer aided design (CAD) models of target objects. The developed algorithms can stably find many high-quality grasps, with satisfying precision and little dependency on the quality of CAD models. The undergoing core technique is superimposed segmentation, which preprocesses a mesh model by peeling it into superimposed facets. The algorithms use the facets to locate contacts and synthesize grasp poses for popular industrial end-effectors. Several tunable parameters are prepared to adapt the algorithms to meet various requirements. The experimental section studies the influence of the tunable parameters and analyzes the cost, precision, and robustness of the proposed algorithms and their planned grasps, with both simulations and real-world systems. Besides, the proposed algorithms are applicable to mesh models reconstructed from point clouds obtained by depth sensors. Some experiments and analysis are also carried out to study and demonstrate the ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a pig bone model mimicking the human trapezium, we assessed the cementless fixation of trapezial cups in cancellous and cortical bone. Thirty-two saddle-shaped pig forefoot bones were prepared for cup fixation. Conical Konos cups (Beznoska, Kladno, Czech Republic) size 9 mm or 10 mm diameter were impacted. Cup migration was evaluated with repeated radiostereometry after intervals of cyclic-load tests. Migration increased for every load-interval up to 750 N and was higher with cancellous bone fixation than with cortical bone fixation. In cancellous bone, 9 mm cups migrated more than 10 mm cups. At the highest load (1050 N), the cumulative implant survival was 88% for 10 mm cups with cortical bone fixation and 13% for 9 mm cups with cancellous bone fixation. We conclude that mechanical fixation of conical Konos cups was better in cortical than in cancellous bone. Our results further suggest that the largest possible cup diameter should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glaucoma is an eye disease that causes vision loss and even blindness. The cup to disc ratio (CDR) is an important indicator for glaucoma screening and diagnosis. Accurate segmentation for the optic disc and cup helps obtain CDR. Although many deep learning-based methods have been proposed to segment the disc and cup for fundus image, achieving highly accurate segmentation performance is still a great challenge due to the heavy overlap between the optic disc and cup. Methods: In this paper, we propose a two-stage method where the optic disc is firstly located and then the optic disc and cup are segmented jointly according to the interesting areas. Also, we consider the joint optic disc and cup segmentation task as a multi-category semantic segmentation task for which a deep learning-based model named DDSC-Net (densely connected depthwise separable convolution network) is proposed. Specifically, we employ depthwise separable convolutional layer and image pyramid input to form a deeper and wider network to improve segmentation performance. Finally, we evaluate our method on two publicly available datasets, Drishti-GS and REFUGE dataset. Results: The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, such as pOSAL, GL-Net, M-Net and Stack-U-Net in terms of disc coefficients, with the scores of 0.9780 (optic disc) and 0.9123 (optic cup) on the DRISHTI-GS dataset, and the scores of 0.9601 (optic disc) and 0.8903 (optic cup) on the REFUGE dataset. Particularly, in the more challenging optic cup segmentation task, our method outperforms GL-Net by 0.7 % in terms of disc coefficients on the Drishti-GS dataset and outperforms pOSAL by 0.79 % on the REFUGE dataset, respectively. Conclusions: The promising segmentation performances reveal that our method has the potential in assisting the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The newest generation of cementless titanium-coated, isoelastic monoblock cup with vitamin E-blended highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) was introduced to the market in 2009. The aim of the present study was to obtain mid-term follow-up data including migration and wear analyses.Methods: This prospective study investigated 101 primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases in 96 patients treated at a single institution. Patients were allowed full weight-bearing on the first day postoperatively. Harris hip score (HHS) and pain and satisfication on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed at a mean follow-up of 79.0 months. Migration and wear were assessed using Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse (EBRA) software. Radiological acetabular bone alterations and complications were documented.Results: At mid-term follow-up (mean 79.0 months, range: 51.8-101.7), 81 cases with complete clinical and radiological data were analyzed. Utilisable EBRA measurements were obtained for 42 hips. The mean HHS was 91.1 (range 38.0-100.0), VAS satisfaction was 9.6 (range 6.0-10.0), VAS rest pain was 0.2 (range 0.0-4.0), and VAS load pain was 0.6 (range 0.0-9.0). Mean migration was 0.86 mm (range: 0.0-2.56) at 24 months and 1.34 mm (range: 0.09-3.14) at 5 years, and the mean annual migration rate was 0.22 (range: - 0.24-1.34). The mean total wear was 0.4 mm (range: 0.03-1.0), corresponding to a mean annual wear rate of 0.06 mm per year (range: 0.0-0.17). Radiographic analysis did not reveal any cases of osteolysis, and no revision surgeries had to be performed.Conclusions: After using vitamin-E blended HXLPE in cementless isoelastic monoblock cups, there were no obvious signs of osteolysis or aseptic loosening occurred. No patients required revision surgery after mid-term follow-up. Cup migration and wear values were well below the benchmarks considered predictive for potential future failure.Trial Registration: The trial registration number on ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04322916 (retrospectively registered at 26.03.2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In futsal there are two referees on the playing court and their capacity to respond to physical and physiological demands imposed during the game is essential for the success. The futsal characteristics such as size pitch, referees position and rules of games or type of league could impose specific physical efforts probably. The aim of this study were to analyze the physical demands of eight elite referees (age 40 ± 3.43 years; height 1.80 ± 0.03 m; weight 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) from seven matches of Spanish Futsal Cup 2020. The physical activity of each referee during the match was monitored with a Local Positioning System, which was installed on futsal pitch where the matches were played. The data differences were evaluated as Paired-Samples T -Test procedure. The results revealed a similar total distance between halves (2888.39 vs. 2831.51 m). The zone 3 distance (15.1–18 km⋅h–1) showed a significative decrease (p < 0.05) during the match in comparison to the first and second halves (−24.48 m; CI95%: −9.54 to −39.42; ES: 0.56). The number of high-intensity acceleration (−10.29; CI95%; 3.71–16.86; ES: 0.92) and deceleration (−24.86; CI95%; 11.59–38.12; ES: 0.99) decreased in the second half of the match (p < 0.05). Therefore, the use of the tracking device to monitoring physical performance provides knowledge of the specific activity profile from futsal referees. This information to can be useful to design more accurate the training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a positive integer M and an odd prime p there exists a map ϖ M from the first homology group of the modular curve X 1 (M) with Z p -coefficients to a second Galois cohomology group over Q (μ M) with restricted ramification and Z p (2) -coefficients. This map takes Manin symbols to certain cup products of cyclotomic M-units. It has previously been shown that if p ∣ M and p ≥ 5 , then ϖ Mp and ϖ M are compatible via the map of homology induced by the quotient X 1 (M p) → X 1 (M) and corestriction from Q (μ Mp) to Q (μ M) . We show that for a prime ℓ ∤ M , ℓ ≠ p ≥ 5 , the maps ϖ M ℓ and ϖ M are again compatible under a certain combination of the two standard degeneracy maps from level M ℓ to level M and corestriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most common cause of failure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is aseptic loosening. Uncemented cup migration analysis by EBRA (Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse) has shown to be a good predictive indicator for early implant failure if the cup migrates more than 1 milimeter (mm) within the first 2 years after surgery. In this study, we investigated the migration behaviour of an uncemented press-fit cup after 2 years follow-up. Materials and methods: Applying a retrospective study design, we reviewed all consecutive patients who received an uncemented press-fit cup at our Department between 2013 and 2018. A total of 484 patients were identified. We reviewed medical histories and performed radiological measurements using EBRA-Cup software. EBRA measurements and statistical investigations were performed by two independent investigators. Results: A total of 165 cups in 159 patients (female: 90; male: 69) met our inclusion criteria. Mean age at surgery was 66.7 (range 18.4–90.5) years. EBRA migration analysis showed a mean total migration of 0.7 mm (range 0.0–6.3) over our follow-up period of 2 years. Of the investigated cups, 53.2% showed less than 1 mm migration in the investigated follow-up period. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Pinnacle cup used in our study provides low mean migration at final follow-up. Based on the assumption of secondary stabilization, good long-term outcome of the Pinnacle cup can be expected. Trial registration number and date of registration: Number: 20181024-1875; Date: 2018-09-20 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fifth Passover Cup is mentioned in a textual variant of a baraita in Tractate Pesaḥim of the Babylonian Talmud (118a), attributed to Rabbi Ṭarfon and another anonymous Palestinian tanna. Scholars have demonstrated that the variant is primary in talmudic manuscripts and among the Babylonian Geonim. Following a nineteenth-century proposition of Isaac Baer Levinsohn, it is argued that the fifth cup was instituted in Babylonia due to concern for magical evil spirits aroused by even-numbered events [ zugot ]. Objections to Levinsohn's theory can be allayed by critical source analysis: the Talmud's attribution of the fifth cup to the Palestinian tanna Rabbi Ṭarfon in a baraita is pseudoepigraphic, based upon Rabbi Ṭarfon's teaching regarding the recitation of Hallel ha-Gadol in Mishnah Ta'anit 3:9. A special appendix is devoted to Levinsohn's separate study on zugot in the ancient and medieval world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we aimed to investigate the long-term clinical and radiological results, revision rates and causes, and the rate of implant survival in total hip arthroplasty performed using CLS® expansion cup and Spotorno® cementless femoral stem. Methods: Clinical results of total hip arthroplasty performed on 131 hips of 114 patients in Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between 1993 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated according to the Harris Hip Score. Revision rates were determined and implant survival rates were identified using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: Of the patients, 39 were males and 75 were females. The average age of the patients at surgery was 48.7±11.3 years. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 13.9±2.4 years. The mean Harris Hip Score was 34.35±6.09 preoperatively and 88.20±7.11 at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survivorship estimate for the cup at 13.9 years, taking revision for any reason as the end point was 95.6% (95% CI), while the 15th and 17th year survival rates were 90% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: In total hip arthroplasty using a cementless expansive acetabular cup, a 95.6% survival rate is achieved after an average of 14 years, whereas the rate decreases to 85% after 17 years. Even if the incidence of cup breakage is reduced with proper implantation, particle disease and periacetabular osteolysis remains a problem for the long-term survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the implant orientation, especially the combined anteversion measurements in total hip arthroplasty (THA) using lateral approach, and to compare with implant orientation using posterior‐lateral (P‐L) approach. The secondary goal was to identify the factors associated with implant orientation. Methods: Five hundred and one patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA with the modified Hardinge approach between January 2016 and November 2019 by one senior surgeon in our department in a retrospective study were followed up. A survey to inquire about the history of dislocation of the hip after THA was designed and responses were gathered by telephone, WeChat software, and outpatient follow‐up. The mean age of the patients was 61.97 ± 11.72 years, and there were 254 males and 247 females. The average follow‐up time was 25.2 ± 13.7 months (range, 3.2–49.7 months). Among the patients who were followed up, 97 patients (104 hips) underwent computed tomography (CT) scans from L4 to the tuberosity of the tibia. The implant orientation, including the anteversion and inclination of the cup, anteversion of the stem, combined anteversion, and pelvic tilt were measured based on CT scans of these patients. The results were compared with the implant orientation reported in previous reports measured by CT. Factors that may be associated with implant orientation were investigated, including the patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis; size of the cup; diameter of the femoral head component; and pelvic tilt. Data and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: No cases of dislocation were found in the 501 patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA during this period. The mean inclination and anteversion of the cups were 38.83° ± 5.04° (24.5°–53.1°) and 9.26° ± 11.19° (−15°–48°), respectively. The mean anteversion of the stem was 13.83° ± 10.7° (−10.2°–42.3°). The combined anteversion was 23.1° ± 13.4° (−7.4°–54.6°). Compared with the reported combined anteversion and anteversion of the cup, the mean anteversion of the cup and combined anteversion using the lateral approach were much lower than the reported values in the literature using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt was found to be the only independent factor for cup anteversion. Factors including age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, cup size, and diameter of the femoral head component were not associated with implant orientation. Conclusion: THA using the lateral approach yields smaller cup anteversion and combined anteversion values than using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt is the only predictor for cup anteversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics. Methods: In a randomized 3‐phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingestion of brewed GT, or with water in a volume of 150 mL. Results: Geometric mean ratio with 90% confidence interval for nadolol AUC0–48 was 0.371 (0.303–0.439) with concomitant GT. In addition, ingestion of GT 1 hour before nadolol administration resulted in a significant reduction of nadolol AUC0–48 with geometric mean ratio of 0.536 (0.406–0.665). There were no differences in time to maximal plasma concentration and renal clearance of nadolol among groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that single concomitant ingestion of GT substantially decreases plasma concentrations of nadolol. Moreover, the reduction in nadolol bioavailability could persist for at least 1 hour after drinking a cup of GT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper discusses the finding of an hemispherical drinking cup between the heads of the femurs of a lady identified as Sattjeni A in a Late 12th Dynasty tomb in Qubbet el-Hawa, which has been catalogued as 34aa. The woman suffered a traumatic injury in her pelvis, which provoked her pain, sterility and iatrogenic pain. The presence of the ceramic with remains of organic material with evident signs of combustion is compared to similar treatments recorded in different papyri, one of them (P. Kahun) almost contemporary to the burial. The analysis of the textual sources has allowed us to relate this find to the medical treatments prescribed by the ancient specialists in the 12th Dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable behaviours are important for the future of the planet. Exploring the psychological predictors of those behaviours can assist in developing efficient and cost‐effective interventions for people to acquire and maintain them. We explored potential predictors of using a reusable hot drink cup. Students and staff (n = 270) from a number of Australian universities answered questions addressing their past behaviour, intention to use a reusable cup, habit automaticity, intolerance of uncertainty, need for structure, conscientiousness and environmental values. One week later, participants retrospectively reported use of their reusable cup over the previous week. Results demonstrated that past behaviour and strength of environmental values significantly predicted the use of the cup. A trend was found for people unable to withstand uncertainty, where stronger habits were associated with greater use of the cup. These results can contribute to development of evidence‐based behaviour change interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The basal land plant Marchantia polymorpha efficiently propagates in favourable environments through clonal progeny called gemmae. Gemmae develop in cup‐shaped receptacles known as gemma cups, which are formed on the gametophyte body. Anatomical studies have described the developmental processes involved over a century ago; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have started to unravel the mechanism underlying genetic and hormonal regulation of gemma cup and gemma development, showing that it shares some regulatory mechanisms with several sporophytic organs in angiosperms. Further study of these specialized organs will contribute to our understanding of the core regulatory modules underlying organ development in land plants and how these became so diversified morphologically over the course of evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cupping scores from experts are extensively used in the coffee industry for a variety of applications, from quality control to judging coffee competitions. In this paper, we examined inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of "clean cup" ratings by coffee experts ("cuppers") in two studies. In both studies, IRR reliability was found to be low, denoting a lack of concept alignment among experts. Remarkably, however, within‐assessor reproducibility was high, suggesting that expert cuppers have their own individual understanding of "clean cup." Practical applications: The results presented suggested that "clean cup" scores have a fundamentally subjective nature. Since cupping scores are routinely used to drive business decisions (particularly in the context of quality control), it would be advisable that such attributes be anchored in a precise definition (in the case of "clean cup" of what constitute a defect from a sensory point of view) developed based on properly conducted sensory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: We present a patient with a 30-year history of severe intrapelvic acetabular protrusio. As far as we know, this is the first case report on the use of robotic technology in total hip arthroplasty for severe acetabular protrusion. We also discuss the challenges and lessons learned from this technically demanding case. Conclusion: Robotic assistance has its advantages in the accurate templating of the optimal cup dimensions, orientation, and location. However, the surgeon may still need to manually restore the offset because the center of rotation is not re-established and must be mindful of the severity and chronicity of the soft-tissue contractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's international football is growing in terms of popularity, but to date there is limited published research in women's football and even less that describes effective attacking strategies and the creation of goal scoring opportunities (GSO). The purpose of this research was to investigate and assess the factors related to the creation of GSO that led to a Top 4 position Canada Women's World Cup 2015. Video footage of each match (n = 52) from the Women's World Cup (Canada 2015) was analysed using SportsCode Software. The results revealed that the middle third of the pitch was the most effective area for gaining possession and creating GSO. The average time taken to create a GSO was under twelve seconds. The findings of the study can be used by coaches to design training sessions and interventions to successfully create GSO in women's football. The data from the research may influence the tactical set up of women's international football teams and help to evolve the game in the same way that research into the men's game has. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analytically, experimentally, and numerically study the hydro-mechanical deep drawing (HMDD) process of bimetallic specimens. The blank included aluminum and steel sheets used to produce double-layer conical-spherical cups. The punch geometry, maximum fluid pressure, pre-bulge pressure, layer arrangement, and the drawing depth were the process parameters investigated in this article. Two criterions based on the thickness strain and thickness variation were used to assess the effects of these variables on the quality of the final product. The results of the analytical modeling and numerical simulations were verified by comparing with the related experimental data. Different outcomes were in acceptable agreement with each other. Based on the findings obtained, by increasing the fluid pressure up to 15 MPa, the quality of the final product was enhanced. Moreover, by applying the pre-bulge pressure in the HMDD process, the separation between the layers as well as the thickness variation decreased. The highest improvements in the values of the maximum thickness strain and thickness variation in the current investigation were gained to be 57% and 68%, respectively, in comparison with the traditional state of the deep drawing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limiting the risk of dislocation is one of the main aims of both dual mobility and Lefèvre retentive cups. However, these devices have never been compared. The goal of our study was to compare these devices in total hip arthroplasty revisions for instability. The judgement criterion was non-recurrence of dislocation in a follow-up period of eight years.Methods: This retrospective case-control study compared two continuous paired series of total hip arthroplasty revisions for instability. These series included 63 patients and 159 patients with implantation of a Lefèvre retentive cup and a dual mobility cup, respectively.Results: The success rate at eight years (i.e., no recurrence) was 91 ± 0.05% and 95 ± 0.02% in the Lefèvre retentive cup and dual mobility groups, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.6).Conclusion: It seems that the Lefèvre retentive cup provides comparable outcomes with the dual mobility cup in the total hip arthroplasty revisions for instability, avoiding recurrence in long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a chronic and irreversible eye disease that leads to the loss of vision. Evaluation of the Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) plays a prominent role in the early detection of glaucoma. This paper presents a novel algorithm to compute the CDR for the fundus images. In order to calculate the CDR, the vertical diameter of Optic Disc (OD) and the vertical diameter of the Optic Cup (OC) are calculated from the segmented OD and segmented OC, respectively. This study presents OD and OC segmentation algorithms based on a new statistics‐based kurtosis test. A unique OC boundary segmentation method is presented, which is the combination of partial cup extraction and the cup boundary under the Central Retinal Blood vessels (CRBV). A novel preprocessing technique is introduced to extract the CRBV from the automated Region of Interest (ROI). The experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐art OD and OC segmentation on the three publicly available datasets: ORIGA, DIARETDB0, and DIARETDB1. The proposed OD and OC segmentation achieve accuracies of up to 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. In addition, the proposed model achieves excellent CDR evaluation with an average error percentage reduced to up to 9.6496 for the considered datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, sheet bulk metal forming (SBMF) processes for manufacturing sidewall-thickened cups were explored, including sheet forming processes for the preparation of cup billets and bulk forming processes for sidewall thickening. To avoid forging laps caused by the clearance between the cup corner and die during sidewall upsetting, a locally thickened tailored blank was designed and produced. To form tailored blanks, coining and orbital forming were compared, and a strategy based on a coining process with different lubrication conditions was analyzed. The tailored blanks were drawn to cups, which had sharp corners and were used as billets for the final upsetting operation to avoid the clearance and thus eliminate forging laps. Adopting upsetting with controllable deformation zone (U-CDZ) method, the cup sidewall was thickened. During forming, the buckling on the sidewall and laps on the corner were prevented. The numerical and experimental results indicate that sheet parts with complex sections can be formed using a tailored blank with the U-CDZ method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze how the Commitee of Union and Progress (CUP) approached to the Tahtaci Alevis via using a report, written in 1918, of CUP. Whether the dominant Turkish nationalists' ideas and the CUP's Turkification polity coincide with the Tahtaci Alevis' social, cultural, religious identity is discussed. We often confront the studies of which focused on the Turkification approaches to different ethnicities when Anatolia was transformed into a homogenized structure as the last haven of Turkishness. In this study, we will rather focus to the CUP's main anxieties regarding a society which has a Turkish-Alevi background. How these perspectives were reflected in this CUP's report of Tahtacis will be the main discussion of the article. We will firstly give some introductory information regarding the Tahtacis, and then secondly, the main arguments of Tahtaci literature will be addressed. Later, we will focus on the CUP's world of mentality and anxieties in order to better understand the report of Tahtaci Alevis. And lastly, we will discuss whether it is possible to proclaim the demographic data of Tahtaci Alevis during the early 20th century before we dig in to the details of the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This observational case series was to determine long term optic disc changes in eyes with large cup to disc ratio (CDR) and compare the changes induced by myopic shift during childhood with normal control eyes. Methods: Children under 15 years of age who developed myopia with serial optic disc photographs and spectral domain (SD)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with a minimal interval of three years were evaluated. Children with average CDR ≥ 0.6 on SD-OCT were classified as having large CDR. The ratios of vertical disc diameter (VDD), horizontal disc diameter (HDD), and maximum peripapillary atrophy (PPA) width (PPW) were measured to quantify morphologic changes of optic discs and SD-OCT parameters, such as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were measured. Results: Of the 82 eyes (82 patients) analyzed, 42 eyes had large CDR and 40 eyes were normal controls. The mean age and refractive error at initial examination were not different between groups (P = 0.33, P = 0.76, respectively). The changes in HDD/VDD and PPW/VDD ratios during follow-up showed no significant difference among the groups (P = 0.45, P = 0.62, respectively). No statistical significance was found in changes in RNFL and GCIPL thickness between the two groups (P = 0.74, P = 0.79, respectively). Conclusions: Children with enlarged CDR showed changes in optic disc morphology and RNFL/GCIPL thickness similar to normal children during myopic shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dual-mobility (DM) cups are increasingly used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) but there lacks literature on their long-term results. We aimed to investigate outcomes of a fourth-generation cementless DM acetabular cup at 7–11 years. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 240 consecutive hips that received cementless THA using the same dual mobility cup (Novae Sunfit TH) and femoral stem (Corail). Patients were recalled at ≥7 years to collect Oxford hip scores (OHS), Harris hip scores (HHS), and inspect for radiolucent lines and granulomas. Multi-variable analyses were performed to determine whether HHS or OHS were associated with pre- or intra-operative variables. Results: At 8.4 ± 0.8 years (range, 7–11), 6 hips were revised (2.5%), 54 deceased (22.5%), and 14 could not be reached (5.8%). Four revisions (2 cup+stem, 2 liners only) were due to sepsis (1.7%), one (cup and stem) for trauma (0.4%), and one (stem) due to aseptic loosening (0.4%). For the remaining 166 hips, HHS was 83.6 ± 13.2 and OHS was 20.3 ± 6.7. Multi-variable analysis confirmed that HHS (β = − 0.38; p = 0.039) and OHS (β = 0.36; p < 0.001) worsened with age, and that OHS was worse for Charnley C patients (β = 3.17; p = 0.009). Neither granulomas nor radiolucenies were observed around any cups, but radiolucenies were seen around 25 stems (20.3%). Conclusions: This fourth-generation DM cup demonstrated satisfactory outcomes at 7–11 years, with no instabilities or cup revisions due to aseptic loosening. Better OHS was observed for younger patients and those presenting higher Charnley grade. Level of evidence: Level IV, retrospective case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Stress relaxation in bone led to a reduction of the cup deformations of 30% • Recording the impaction force can help to predict the fixation strength • Polyurethane foam is not suitable to replicate the viscoelasticity of bone • Initial cup deformation was similar for bone and polyurethane foam • Impulse duration decreased and impaction force increased with impact number Deformation of an acetabular cup implant during cementless implantation is indicative of the radial compressive forces, and such of the initial implant fixation strength. Stress relaxation in the surrounding bone tissue following implantation could reduce the deformation of the cup and thus primary implant fixation. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the early shape change of the implanted cup immediately after implantation with different press-fit levels and whether recording the force during cup impaction can be used to estimate initial cup fixation. Cup implantations into porcine acetabulae (n=10) were performed using a drop tower. The force induced by the drop weight and cup seating after each impact was recorded. Deformation of the implanted cup was determined with strain gauges over a period of 10min. Lever-out torques were measured to assess the initial fixation strength. Stress relaxation in the bone caused a reduction in cup deformation of 13.52±4.06% after 1min and 29.34±5.11% after 10min. The fixation strength increased with a higher force magnitude during impaction (R s 2=0.810, p=0.037). Reduction of the radial compressive forces due to stress relaxation of the surrounding bone should be considered during press-fit cup implantation in order to compensate for the reduced fixation strength over time. In addition, recording the implantation force could help to estimate initial fixation strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee is among the most popular daily beverages in the United States. Importantly, coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of multiple health outcomes including a reduction in adiposity. DXA is a means to assess body fat and distribution.Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between coffee consumption and DXA-assessed adiposity and adiposity distribution.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the NHANES were used. Participants were adults aged 20-69 y from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 waves. Information on coffee consumption was assessed through the FFQ (categorized as no coffee, 0 to <0.25 cup/d, 0.25 to <1 cup/d, 1 cup/d, 2-3 cups/d, or ≥4 cups/d). Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption were included. Trunk fat and total fat percentage were measured via whole-body DXA scans. The association between coffee consumption and body fat was investigated using age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models which accounted for sample weights.Results: Higher coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower total body fat percentage and trunk body fat percentage in a dose-response manner (all P values < 0.05) among women. Although this dose-response relation was nonsignificant among men, men aged 20-44 y who drank 2-3 cups/d had 1.3% (95% CI: -2.7%, 0.1%) less total fat and 1.8% (95% CI: -3.3%, -0.4%) less trunk fat than those who did not consume coffee. Furthermore, the association between coffee consumption and body fat percentage exhibited for both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee among women (all P for trend < 0.001) but not among men (all P for trend > 0.05).Conclusions: The present study found a significant association between higher coffee consumption and lower DXA-measured adiposity. Moreover, a gender difference in this association in the general US adult population was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aseptic loosening is the most common indication for revision of cementless acetabular cups and often depends on the primary stability achieved following surgery. Cup designs must be capable of achieving primary stability for a wide variety of individuals and surgical conditions to be successful. Typically, preclinical finite element (FE) testing of cups involves assessing the performance in a single patient and under a limited set of idealized conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of patient and surgical parameters on the primary stability of an acetabular cup design in a set of subject‐specific FE models. Interference fit was varied in a representative set of 12 patient‐specific models of the implanted hemipelvis. Linear mixed models showed a significant association with micromotion for interference fit (P <.0001), acetabular bone elastic modulus (P <.001), native acetabular diameter (P =.03), and the interference fit‐elastic modulus interaction (P =.01). There were no significant associations between the polar gap and any of the parameters considered. The significant interference fit‐elastic modulus interaction suggests that increasing the interference fit in patients with low bone quality leads to a greater reduction in micromotion than in patients with higher bone quality. However, the significant association between percentage bone yielding and interference fit (P <.0001) suggests a higher periacetabular fracture risk at higher interference fits. This work supports the development of preclinical testing of cup designs for the broad range patients and surgical conditions a cup may face following surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is focused on the problem of the ambiguity in the perception of Russia in the British media during the 2018 FIFA World Cup and based on the competing frames theory by J. Druckman. The content analysis of 751 articles about Russia from the British broadsheets and tabloids was conducted to highlight five frames: 'Russia as the enemy of Great Britain,' 'Russia as the potential partner of Great Britain,' 'Russia as the unsafe state,' 'Russia as the worthy host of the World Cup,' 'Russia as a country with a rich culture.' The results show that negative perception of Russia prevails in the British media field, especially in the broadsheets. Despite the slight positive dynamics during the World Cup, by the end of the games, the frequency of frames returns to pre-championship values. The research contributes to the development of competing frames theory and allows testing the frame strength criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study deals with the effects of interfacial crack and implant material on mixed‐mode stress intensity factor and prediction of interface failure of the cemented acetabular cup. A three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of implanted pelvic bone was developed based on the computed tomography (CT) scan data. Combinations of four materials were considered for implant material. To understand the influence of interfacial crack at bone–cement and cement–implant interfaces on failure, 2D cracked models were developed based on the FE model and solved using the element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM) by considering a rectangular section in the superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior locations. Interface failure was predicted in terms of mixed‐mode stress intensity factor (SIF). The stress values obtained from FE analysis were transferred at the cut boundary of the rectangular section and considered as a mixed‐mode loading condition to determine the SIF in the superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior locations at bone–cement and cement–implant interfaces using EFGM. Location wise, anterior seems to have more chances of failure because SIF in the anterior location was found to be higher than other locations. The bone–cement interface has more SIF and indicated more chances of failure than the cement–implant interface. Less SIF was found for the ceramic–ceramic material combination than other material combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of three‐dimensional (3D) printing to manufacture off‐the‐shelf titanium acetabular cups for hip arthroplasty has increased; however, the impact of this manufacturing technology is yet not fully understood. Although several studies have described the presence of structural cavities in 3D printed parts, there has been no analysis of full postproduction acetabular components. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3D printing on the material structure of acetabular implants, first comparing different designs of 3D printed cups, second comparing 3D printed with conventionally manufactured cups. Two of the 3D printed cups were produced using electron beam melting (EBM), one using laser rapid manufacturing (LRM). The investigation was performed using X‐ray microcomputed tomography, imaging both the entire cups and samples sectioned from different regions of each cup. All 3D printed cups showed evidence of structural cavities; these were uniformly distributed in the volume of the samples and exhibited a prevalent spherical shape. The LRM‐manufactured cup had significantly higher cavity density (p =.0286), with a median of 21 cavities/mm3 compared to 3.5 cavities/mm3 for EBM cups. However, the cavity size was similar, with a median of 20 μm (p =.7385). The conventional cups showed a complete absence of distinguishable cavities. The presence of cavities is a known limitation of the 3D printing technology; however, it is noteworthy that we found them in orthopedic implants used in patients. Although this may impact their mechanical properties, to date, 3D printed cups have not been reported to encounter such failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the radiographic migration profiles of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: A total of 197 patients (215 hips) who underwent cementless THA for RA or OA between January 2001 and January 2013 and followed up for a minimum of 5.5 years were included. Ninety-four RA patients (109 hips) were compared with 103 OA patients (106 hips). Radiological evaluation was performed for acetabular cup loosening, and cup migration was measured using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) software. Multiple variables were assessed to identify influencing factors for cup migration.Results: Early cup migration was observed in 13 hips (11.9%) in the RA group and four hips (3.8%) in the OA group, showing a significant difference (p = 0.041). Acetabular cup loosening occurred in three cups (2.8%) in the RA group and in one cup (0.9%) in the OA group, showing no significant difference (p = 0.321). Total cup migration was higher in the RA group (2.62 mm) than in the OA group (1.44 mm, p = 0.005). Total cup migration was significantly higher in patients aged < 50 years than in those aged > 50 years (p = 0.005). Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody influenced total cup migration. Patients with seropositive RA showed significantly higher total cup migration and early cup migration incidence than those with seronegative RA (p = 0.005, p = 0.038, respectively).Conclusions: Acetabular cups in primary cementless THAs of RA patients were less stable in terms of cup migration compared with that of OA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]