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New Dicoumarols 2a-g efficiently synthesized employing p-TSA as a catalyst from the reaction of 4- hydroxycoumarin with aryl aldehydes in water. This method offers direct access to structurally diverse Dicoumarols derivatives in a good yields (65-94%). Upon heating 3,3’ -arylidenebis-4- hydroxycoumarins derivative in acetic anhydride, the epoxydicoumarins were formed. 1H, 13C {1H}-NMR, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of the obtained compounds. A possible relationship between such hydrogenbonded structures and the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities of compounds is suggested. The synthetized compounds 2a-g and 3a-g were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities against DNA gyrase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-CYP51 target proteins at the active sites. Compound 3d shows effective inhibitory effect in terms of MIC = 15 µg mL-1. against Salmonella typhimuriumATCC 14028. Compounds 2b, 2c, 3b, 3c, 3e and 3g have recorded an important scavenging activity against the radical DPPH. The EC50 of these compounds was 47.17, 46.90, 50.55,48.27, 46.55 and 47.54 µg mL-1 respectively. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds showed that compounds 2b,2c, 3f, 3b and 3c are the most potent inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTNew Dicoumarols 2a-g efficiently synthesized employing p-TSA as a catalyst from the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin with aryl aldehydes in water. This method offers direct access to structurally diverse Dicoumarols derivatives in a good yields (65-94%). Upon heating 3,3' -arylidenebis-4-hydroxycoumarins derivative in acetic anhydride, the epoxydicoumarins were formed. 1H, 13C{1H}-NMR, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of the obtained compounds. A possible relationship between such hydrogen-bonded structures and the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities of compounds is suggested. The synthetized compounds 2a-g and 3a-g were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities against DNA gyrase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-CYP51 target proteins at the active sites. Compound 3d shows effective inhibitory effect in terms of MIC = 15 µg mL-1. against Salmonella typhimuriumATCC 14028. Compounds 2b, 2c, 3b, 3c, 3e and 3g have recorded an important scavenging activity against the radical DPPH. The EC50 of these compounds was 47.17, 46.90, 50.55,48.27 , 46.55 and 47.54 µg mL-1 respectively. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds showed that compounds 2b,2c, 3f, 3b and 3c are the most potent inflammatory activities.

Background: Red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) has great diversity in Bangladesh, India, and South East Asia with multipurpose uses. The bright red-violet colored A. gangeticus is a popular and low-cost leafy vegetable in the Asian continent including Bangladesh and India because of attractive leaf color, taste, adequate nutraceuticals, phenolic compounds, and sole source of betalains. The natural colors and phenolic compounds of this species have a significant role in promoting the health-benefit including the scavenging capacity of radicals, the colorant of food products, and play a vital role in the industry of foods. However, phenolic profiles and radical scavenging activity of this species have not been evaluated. Hence, for the first time, four selected advance lines of A. gangeticus were characterized for phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. Results: A. gangeticus genotypes are abundant sources of phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents with good radical quenching capacity that differed across the genotypes. Twenty-five phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid, β-resorcylic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, m-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, sinapic acid, isoquercetin, naringenin, myricetin, catechin, and hyperoside were identified in A. gangeticus accessions. A. gangeticus accessions LS7 and LS9 demonstrated ample phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. It revealed from the correlation study that antioxidant components of A. gangeticus genotypes exhibited good radical scavenging activities. The genotypes LS7 and LS9 could be directly used as phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant activity enrich cultivars. Conclusions: The identified compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids in A. gangeticus privilege the comprehensive study of pharmacology. The basic information on phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents achieved in the present study will provide the scientist's forum for the scientific assessment of these compounds in A. gangeticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food industry produces a large amount of onion wastes. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds in onion by-products an idea for their reuse, could be use them as source of high-value functional and health ingredients. In this study, outer dry layers of coppery onion “Ramata di Montoro” were used as source of bioactive compounds. Firstly, the chemical profile of secondary metabolites of exhaustive extract, obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction was established by UHPLC-UV-HRMS/MS analysis. Subsequently, the supercritical fluid extraction was used as alternative and green method to recover flavonoids from onion skin. Main parameters such as pressure, temperature and composition of solvent modifier were optimized in order to improve the extraction efficiency of SFE technique, by using a response surface Box–Behnken design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ginger and garlic plants were used for the preparation of water and ethanolic extracts. The silver, copper, iron and zinc nanoparticles were eco-friendly synthesized using ginger and garlic extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The growth of nanoparticles was complemented with characterization using TEM and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of mono-dispersed metals nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles of ginger have the smallest particle size around 10.10-18.33 nm. The investigated samples were evaluated as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora and Proteus vulgaris and as antifungal agents against C. albicans. The results of antimicrobial tests indicate that these nanoparticles possess significant activities compared to the results obtained by antibiotic standard. In addition, the total polyphenols, fractionation of phenols, flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography systems and antioxidant activity were evaluated.Graphical Abstract: Comparison of the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant results.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since organic food is widely assumed to have a better nutritional quality than conventional food, our aim was to study the effects of organic vs conventional cropping systems on yield and the phenolic composition of winter wheat cv. ‘Bologna’. Although organic wheat yielded less than conventional wheat, mainly due to the nitrogen shortage, and its bread-making quality was lower, the cultivation system did not affect the total amounts of phenolics and phenolic acids. Of the eight phenolic acids identified, only ferulic acid was influenced by the cultivation system. Phenolic composition and quantity were significantly affected by the milling fraction (bran or white flour): phenolics were more concentrated in the bran, which showed the highest antioxidant power. Under the conditions adopted in this study, an organic cropping system can maintain or even increase the health properties of the wheat milled products, provided a reduction in grain yield is accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]