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2 results on '"DPP precursor"'

1. Regulation of TGFβ and related signals by precursor processing.

Author

Constam, Daniel B.

Subjects
*TRANSFORMING growth factors, *CELLULAR signal transduction, *CYTOKINES, *CELL differentiation, *CELL proliferation, *SMAD proteins
Abstract

Secreted cytokines of the TGFβ family are found in all multicellular organisms and implicated in regulating fundamental cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Signal transduction involves complexes of specific type I and II receptor kinases that induce the nuclear translocation of Smad transcription factors to regulate target genes. Ligands of the BMP and Nodal subgroups act at a distance to specify distinct cell fates in a concentration-dependent manner. These signaling gradients are shaped by multiple factors, including proteases of the proprotein convertase (PC) family that hydrolyze one or several peptide bonds between an N-terminal prodomain and the C-terminal domain that forms the mature ligand. This review summarizes information on the proteolytic processing of TGFβ and related precursors, and its spatiotemporal regulation by PCs during development and various diseases, including cancer. Available evidence suggests that the unmasking of receptor binding epitopes of TGFβ is only one (and in some cases a non-essential) function of precursor processing. Future studies should consider the impact of proteolytic maturation on protein localization, trafficking and turnover in cells and in the extracellular space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
Full Text
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2. Regulation of TGF beta and related signals by precursor processing

Author

Daniel B. Constam

Subjects
Models, Molecular, medicine.medical_specialty, Convertases, Cell, Nodal signaling, SMAD, Biology, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, BMP, Protein Precursors, Transcription factor, Furin, R-SMAD, DPP precursor, Morphogen gradients, Dally, Cell Biology, Proprotein convertase, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Cell biology, Proprotein processing, Protein sorting and trafficking, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins, Latency, Proprotein Convertases, Signal transduction, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Secreted cytokines of the TGF beta family are found in all multicellular organisms and implicated in regulating fundamental cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Signal transduction involves complexes of specific type I and II receptor kinases that induce the nuclear translocation of Smad transcription factors to regulate target genes. Ligands of the BMP and Nodal subgroups act at a distance to specify distinct cell fates in a concentration-dependent manner. These signaling gradients are shaped by multiple factors, including proteases of the proprotein convertase (PC) family that hydrolyze one or several peptide bonds between an N-terminal prodomain and the C-terminal domain that forms the mature ligand. This review summarizes information on the proteolytic processing of TGF beta and related precursors, and its spatiotemporal regulation by PCs during development and various diseases, including cancer. Available evidence suggests that the unmasking of receptor binding epitopes of TGF beta is only one (and in some cases a non-essential) function of precursor processing. Future studies should consider the impact of proteolytic maturation on protein localization, trafficking and turnover in cells and in the extracellular space. (C) 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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