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Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an Orthonairovirus causing lethal infection in humans. The studies of CCHFV should be performed in BSL-4 conditions, which makes it unfeasible, and a model organism is needed. Hazara virus (HAZV) is a candidate for this, given the phylogenetical similarities between HAZV and CCHFV. Our aim is to investigate whether a cross-neutralization occurs, which indicates the structural similarity between the two viruses. Methods: Titers of HAZV stocks were measured by performing TCID50 assays. Five Balb/c mice were immunized against purified HAZV. To confirm the immunization of mice against HAZV, ELISA tests were performed. Microvirus neutralization tests (mVNT) were performed in duplications and the highest serum titer was 1/8. The SW13 cell line was used in TCID50 and mVNT. HAZV stocks were produced using the BHK-21 cell line. Results: ELISA using anti-HAZV mouse sera and purified HAZV as a coating agent, yielded positive results indicating successful immunization of the mice. Afterwards, mVNT studies using HAZV and anti-HAZV mouse sera were conducted. However, immune mouse serum was not able to neutralize HAZV infection in the infected cell culture studies. Conclusion: Results of our studies demonstrate that HAZV could be propagated in vitro cell culture settings, purified as antigen, and used as an immunogen in experimental animals. Viral neutralization studies demonstrated that HAZV infection in cultures werenot neutralized by the serum samples obtained from immune mice. Our results indicate the challenging nature of HAZV while trying to produce neutralizing antiserum against itself. This would be a limitation for the studies investigating HAZV as a surrogate model for CCHFV. Thus, we conclude that more sensitive methods such as qPCR should be used in such experiments and then the hypothesis readdressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neisseria gonorrhoea, the agent of sexually transmitted infections, remains a major public health concern. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the agent can provide insights on antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and epidemiology of the bacteria, among others. The aim of this study is to sequence and characterize the whole genome of nine Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains and to understand their epidemiological origins, and the resistance determinant genes. Method: N. gonorrhoeae strains were obtained from different clinical microbiology laboratories. The isolates were cultured on Thayer-Martin medium and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from bacterial suspensions using the DNA Kit and WGS sequencing was done. Genes involved in antimicrobial resistance were detected using various bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis based on 50S ribosomal protein L6 was carried out to determine the evolutionary origin of the isolates. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search with the protein identified close homologs, which were aligned for maximum likelihood tree generation (bootstrap of 100). Results: Six of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and three of them were resistant or intermediate to penicillin. All N. gonorrhoeae isolates possessed norm, mtrC, mtrR, mtrF, mtrA, farB, DfrA42, macA, and macB genes as genetic resistance determinants. Only one isolate contained tetM gene, a tetracyclineresistant determinant. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strains formed a statistically significant clade with isolates from Korea, Canada, USA and Russia. Conclusion: The nine N. gonorrhoeae strains circulating in Turkey do not appear to pose a significant threat to public health since they do not have any novel antimicrobial resistance features. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our clinical strains share common origin with isolates from diverse regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are frequent viral infections for pediatric patients. Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by the misuse of antibiotics in addition to inadequate infection prevention and control. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of unnecessary prescription of antibiotics to pediatric patients who were infected by Influenza virus or RSV and who were admitted to Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital Pediatric Clinic with respiratory tract infection. Method: The Study covers the period between December 2017 and January 2019. The Number of influenza virus positive patients were 157 and RSV positives were 346 and all of the patients who had positive laboratory findings were evaluated for the study. In this study, laboratory findings and prescriptions of patients were compared and comorbidities of patients were taken into consideration. The data were analyzed with IBM, SPSS statistics 22.0 package program. The distribution of categorical variables was measured by the chi-square test. Results: In total, 89 (58.6%) of all influenza diagnosed patients left the hospital without taking any medical treatment (p<0.001), 6 (3.9%) patients received antibiotic therapy because of their comorbidities (p<0.001) and 13 (8.6%) patients received antibiotic therapy without any additional bacterial infection diagnosis (p<0.001). A total of 346 patients were evaluated for RSV, while 284 (82.1%) of these patients were not treated with any medication (p<0.001), and 60 (17.3%) of them were treated with antibiotics (p<0.001) despite no additional diagnosis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated significant rates of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for RSV (17.3%) and influenza virus (8.6%) at Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital Pediatric Department, which is consistent with literature. These results indicate that a confirmatory determination of RSV and influenza virus infections in these patients as well as a prudent dispensing of antibiotics could have prevented the unnecessary use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deals with a study which described the amplification of the matrix gene of RBOK vaccine strain of rinderpest virus by polymerase chain reaction and cloning into TOPO XL cloning vector. Procedures; Results; Discussion.

Deals with a study which evaluated the use of recombinant hemagglutinine protein of rinderpest virus in enzyme immunoassay. Materials and methods; Results; Discussion.

Deals with a study which investigated the antibody response following immunization with plasmid vector DNA containing the hepatitis B virus core antigen gene of a hepatitis B virus isolated from a patient in Turkey. Methods; Results; Discussion.