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Previous scholarship on Josh 15:16–19 and Judg 1:12–15 has drawn on ancient Near Eastern and Jewish laws pertaining to dowries as an aid for interpreting Achsah’s acquisition of property from her father. This article further elucidates the Achsah narrative by bringing it into conversation with legal documents pertaining to dowries from Mesopotamia that highlight their strategic use for purposes such as economic and social advancement. Drawing on insights from law and literature scholarship that highlight how narrative may offer a perspective on law, this article interrogates the ways that Achsah operates within the framework of legal norms pertaining to daughters, while also challenging them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is based on a register of changes in household affiliation, which was compiled by local authorities in Inner Mongolia during the Qing dynasty (1636–1911). The records pertain to household divisions, economic compensation in case of divorce and death, and conditions under which divorced or widowed women could (or had to) return to their families of origin. The present article makes the argument that bride-wealth and dowry were both practiced, but the legal dimension of dowry was less prominent than that of bride-wealth. With regard to property relations, gender was intersecting with other factors of social distinction, namely seniority, wealth and status. The complexity of these interactions becomes most apparent when considering the position of widows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Child marriage is a detrimental practice with negative consequences for girls' health and well-being. This study aims to identify the prevalence of child marriage and associated risk factors within the Madhesi community. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-metropolitan city of Lumbini Province, Nepal, in 2023. A total of 352 married women were randomly selected using simple random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire between March 28th and April 17th. Descriptive categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Risk factors associated with child marriage were measured using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The majority of respondents (36.1%) were in the age group 21-25, with a mean age of 25.90 years ± 4.6 years. Most respondents (48.9%) received only basic-level education, with the majority (72.4%) reporting their parents as having no formal education. The primary family occupation was farming (40.1%). The prevalence of child marriage was high (77.0%), with a median marriage age of 18 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant risk factors including lower education levels of respondents and their parents, husband's occupation, lack of awareness about the legal marriage age, limited decision-making power regarding marriage, belief in the dowry system, discussions with friends about child marriage, and occurrence of child marriage among friends. Conclusion: Despite legal prohibition, child marriage remains prevalent in the Madhesi community. Educational interventions targeting women and parents, empowering women with decision-making authority, and addressing the dowry system are crucial for reducing this harmful practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the impact of traditional dowry payments on the low political representation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature from 2014 to 2019. Despite the election of four indigenous Papuan women to the Jayapura City legislature in 2014, there remains a significant gap in representation. This qualitative research gathered data through interviews with 30 respondents, including seven influential community figures, seven husbands of indigenous Papuan women, six Papuan students, two lecturers, three members of political parties, two female Papuan legislators, one representative from the General Election Commission, one member of the Papuan People's Council, and the head of the Population and Civil Registry Service. Observational data were gathered from the General Election Commission Office and the indigenous Papuan community in Jayapura City. Documentation review further supplemented the research, focusing on legislative representation data, voter turnout, and customary dowry payment records for indigenous Papuan women. The data underwent rigorous re-validation to ensure the analysis accurately reflected the reality of how traditional dowry practices hinder the political participation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature during the specified period. The findings reveal that the obligation for indigenous Papuan women to adhere to their husbands' directives, a consequence of dowry payments, significantly limits their ability to engage in political activities, including legislative candidacy and community campaigning. This restriction was exemplified in the 2019 election, where only one indigenous Papuan woman was elected to the Jayapura City legislature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence in the Indian context becomes complex with the interplay of law and prevalent sociocultural dimensions vis à vis women. This article analyzes the representation of domestic violence in select Hindi films: Agni Sakshi (With Fire as Witness) (Ghosh, 1996), Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence (Subjugation: A Victim of Marital Violence) (Lajmi, 2001), and Mehndi (Henna) (Khan, 1998). These films conceptualize the legalistic matter of domestic violence in two ways: one, in the form of battering, sexual, emotional, and verbal abuse by a psychopathic husband, and two, as family violence caused by the social evil of dowry. By exploring the fictional screening of the issue of domestic violence, this article analyzes how such depictions have been co-related to contemporary legal discourses. Our article investigates how films contribute to the understanding of domestic violence within the context of legal matters and reveal the underlying feminist or patriarchal values. Through textual analysis of the film texts, we hypothesize that they often reinforce patriarchal narratives by portraying domestic violence as isolated incidents related to husbands’ psychopathy or dowry issues.

AbstractKerala, the Indian state with the highest reported level of social development, faces a challenge with persistent early marriage, particularly among Muslims in Malappuram. This study explores the sociocultural factors influencing this situation, in which child marriage rates among Muslims are significantly higher than those of Hindus and Christians. Employing a qualitative research strategy within a specific Malappuram mahallu, a Muslim-majority village cluster encompassing three villages, we identify a multifaceted interplay of micro and macro forces perpetuating early marriage. Lack of social networks, stemming from limited higher education options and career opportunities, restricts girls’ choices and makes them susceptible to parental pressure to marry early. Parents, on the other hand, often view early marriage as an appropriate solution to their anxieties concerning parental responsibility, dowry and family honour. This pressure is amplified by the narrative promoted by religious leaders who portray early marriage as the ideal path. This narrative, in turn, resonates with a subset of young men, particularly temporary Gulf migrants who prefer to marry adolescent girls, thereby perpetuating the cycle. We also argue that, unlike most regions in India, poverty and illiteracy are not the primary drivers of early marriage among Muslims in Malappuram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dowry is considered one of the requirements for marriage. It is a form of commitment and appreciation from the husband in building a household, which means that a larger dowry payment signifies the seriousness of the husband in building a household and honouring the wife. However, marriages with very little and often very trivial items given in dowry are also observed. These unions have been criticised as demeaning for the dignity of women, with some people even challenging their legal validity. This article analyses the changing meaning of dowry from the early period of Islam to the modern era based on the perspective of family economics. It uncovers that the concept of dowry has constantly evolved from the period of jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic Arabia before the advent of Islam in 609 CE) to contemporary times. The interpretation of dowry became more rigid and inflexible during the classical age of fiqh (jurisprudence). However, classical interpretation still carries the message that dowry must be beneficial to the wife in the way to create a marital tie based on mutual respect and equality. Additionally, dowry in the modern context is also considered one of the wasilah (means) to realise the maqasid (objectives) of marriage, namely sakinah (tranquillity). It is, therefore, necessary to consider these values when determining the type and amount of dowry and for better understanding of its appropriate function as a wasilah mawashid al-nikah (means of realising benefits of marriage). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When men died in medieval Catalonia, their widows went to the notaries. This article traces the ways in which Jewish and Christian women negotiated legal culture in response to their husbands' deaths in Catalan cities between 1250 and 1350. Death required deeply practical responses as well as emotional ones: the administration of the estate of the deceased was often a pressing concern. Both Jewish and Christian women relied on a variety of legal institutions to safeguard their own and (in some cases) their children's financial futures as they entered widowhood. Through a combination of Latin notarial documentation and Hebrew responsa literature, this article compares Jewish and Christian women's legal responses to the deaths of their husbands. Jews navigated Christian legal institutions and sometimes adapted Christian customs. Yet they also maintained distinct practices, and Jewish widows and their families maneuvered between Christian notaries and Jewish rabbinic authorities as they shaped their individual legal responses to the life-changing deaths of their husbands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The goal of the paper is to discover the dynamic features of rural men's age at first marriage, and to explore impacts of marriage expenses on men's age at first marriage in rural China amid a rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition. Background: Given the rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition, changes in rural men's marriage timing and its influencing mechanism in China are emerging but remain under examined. Method: The data were collected by the New Urbanization and Sustainable Development research group from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2018 (n = 1,391). Regression models were used to explore the influence of men's marriage expenses and regional economic factors on their age at first marriage. Results: The relationship between squared total marriage expenses of rural migrant men and their age at first marriage shows as a U‐shaped curve. Conjugal matching, family, premarital migration, and regional economy play important roles for rural men entering their first marriages. Conclusion: Compared with the age‐appropriate married men, the early and late married men tend to have higher marriage expenses. Men with more economic resources are capable of seizing high‐qualified women at a younger age, whereas men with less economic resources need to pay more for their first marriage at an older age. Fathers' lower social class and regional economy significantly delay men's age at first marriage. Implications: This study reveals marriage expense is another important factor influencing men's first marriage entry in rural China and provides a clue to solve difficulties of rural men getting married, especially in societies with ongoing rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Child marriage is a detrimental practice with negative consequences for girls' health and well-being. This study aims to identify the prevalence of child marriage and associated risk factors within the Madhesi community. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-metropolitan city of Lumbini Province, Nepal, in 2023. A total of 352 married women were randomly selected using simple random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire between March 28th and April 17th. Descriptive categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Risk factors associated with child marriage were measured using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The majority of respondents (36.1%) were in the age group 21-25, with a mean age of 25.90 years ± 4.6 years. Most respondents (48.9%) received only basic-level education, with the majority (72.4%) reporting their parents as having no formal education. The primary family occupation was farming (40.1%). The prevalence of child marriage was high (77.0%), with a median marriage age of 18 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant risk factors including lower education levels of respondents and their parents, husband's occupation, lack of awareness about the legal marriage age, limited decision-making power regarding marriage, belief in the dowry system, discussions with friends about child marriage, and occurrence of child marriage among friends. Conclusion: Despite legal prohibition, child marriage remains prevalent in the Madhesi community. Educational interventions targeting women and parents, empowering women with decision-making authority, and addressing the dowry system are crucial for reducing this harmful practice.

The objective of this study is to comprehend and define the notion of accounting methods in establishing dowry and pisuke pricing among the residents of Kateng Village, located in the West Praya District of Central Lombok Regency. This study employs ethnomethodology, a research approach that utilizes analytical techniques such as indexicality, reflexivity, contextual action, and the presentation of common-sense knowledge regarding social systems. The research employs an interpretive paradigm as its underlying framework. This study employs original data acquired through interviews and observations. This study suggests that accounting processes for estimating dowry and pisuke prices are conducted using four methods: referencing prices, considering social strata, assessing social position, and evaluating personal qualities. These approaches hold significance as symbols of honor and commitment, self-worth, a representation of family values, and the unification of two families. The determination of dowry and pisuke pricing is associated with traditional accounting theory, the distinction between price setter and price taker, and the presence of bargaining, as observed in a market. The results of this study should be tailored to accommodate the talents of individuals. Put simply, women should thoroughly examine the background and socioeconomic status of their possible spouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been a shift in giving dowries from dowries in the form of money, gold and other goods whose physical form is shifted to digital dowries such as cryptocurrency dowries, a digital currency using blockchain technology. The research focus and objectives of this research are to find out 1) What is the phenomenon of using cryptocurrency as a wedding dowry in Indonesian society. This type of research is normative legal research. The approach in this research uses the Statute Approach and the Case Approach and the Statute Approach. The technique for collecting legal materials is carried out using documentation methods. The results of this research show that the phenomenon of using cryptocurrency as a dowry among Indonesian people, especially Indonesian Muslims, has varied views and not a single perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente artículo es la descripción y análisis de la indumentaria femenina y de los usos suntuarios del estamento noble en España a mediados del siglo XVIII, partiendo de las capitulaciones del matrimonio formado por don Fernando Arias de Saavedra, marqués de Quintana de las Torres, y de doña Isabel de Hoces Venegas, miembros respectivamente de las aristocracias de Écija y Córdoba, escrituradas en 1764. Las cartas y recibos de dote suponen una fuente esencial para el estudio del ajuar doméstico en general y fundamentalmente de la moda, ya que nos permiten conocer con gran detalle, no solamente las distintas prendas que usaban las mujeres de toda la escala social, sino también los tejidos, colorido, ornamentaciones y precios.

In Iranian wedding tradition, the dowry (mahr) is not paid upfront as done in Arab culture, and there is no set deadline for its payment. The regulations regarding dowry in Iran are outlined in the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which states that anything that can be considered property, owned, and controlled can be designated as dowry. In the subsequent article, it is explained that dowry can be entirely or partially deferred. This article aims to elucidate the concept of deferred dowry (mahar dihutang) in Iranian civil law from the perspective of the Imamiyah School of Thought, which is the predominant school of thought in Iran. This study is conducted through a literature review with a normative approach. The research findings reveal that items eligible to be considered as dowry are those with an associated market value, in alignment with the principles of the Imamiyah school. Deferred dowry is permitted within the Imamiyah school, but when the husband is incapable of paying the dowry, the wife is allowed to make a decision to abstain from conjugal relations with him. This, however, cannot be used as a reason for divorce. In Iran, there exists a phenomenon known as "mahar prisoner" for husbands who fail to pay the dowry in full after marriage.

In permanent marriage, wherein the dowry of wife is defined as a specific and non-transferrable immovable property, and after the death of husband, it is discovered that the dowry belongs to another person, making a substitute for the dowry is put on the deceased's heirs. However, uncertainties regarding the valuation of the property and the extent of recoverable damages, such as issues pertaining to the time of property valuation and the possibility of claiming damages resulting from devaluation emerge. The current research, following the silence of Iranian lawmaker, by virtue of jurisprudential texts and using an analytical-descriptive method scrutinizes the aforementioned matters. A comparative study of the aspects and consequences of the subject based on the foundations and rulings of similar matters such as responsibility against non-belonging of subject matter or price of contract and unauthorized contracts, and taking into account other jurisprudential and legal instruments, it is concluded that the day on which the husband becomes debtor for the dowry substitute coincidences with the day on which the real owner of the property does not affirm the allocation of the property to the wife. Concerning the possibility of seeking compensation by wife, in cases where the due date is different from the date on which the husband became debtor accompanied by devaluation, only damages incurred by the wife will be recoverable in accordance with Articles 515 and 522 of the Code of Civil Procedure and are limited to those losses sustained during the husband's lifetime.

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dynasties ruled over most territories in premodern Europe, often over more than one territory in personal unions (composite monarchies). Their members usually married outside of their own dynasty. Before and after these weddings, actors attached to different political and economic dominions discussed money. This was necessary since marriages not only established and strengthened dynastic networks, but also instituted dowries, counter-money, and dowers. Based on selected late medieval and early modern marriage treaties (c.1450–1650), this article analyses financial settlements as well as communication about these aspects in marriage negotiations. All case studies selected are taken from dynasties based in or connected to the Holy Roman Empire. With these examples, the article shows the importance of money and finances in premodern marriage negotiations and treaties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Roman law, it was not uncommon for a filius or a filia familias to get married. The capability of a filius or a filia familias to sue or be a defendant was restricted. During an intact marriage, such a restriction was often insignificant. However, in the case of a divorce, the recipient of the dowry (dos) was sometimes questionable. To settle conflict about the dos, it was important to know who could claim part or all of the dos and who was obligated to return part or all of it. Such a question was raised in D. 15.1.38.1 and in D. 24.3.22.3 where a filius/filia familias first married and later divorced. In this article, D. 15.1.38.1 and D. 24.3.22.3 are exegetically analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study marital assortative mating in education and its relation to dowry in India. There are four main results and contributions of this paper. First, instrumental variable estimates using Indian Human Development Survey-II data suggest existence of positive assortative mating in education levels of husband and wife. Second, this association is weaker in dowry-prominent districts suggesting that in districts with strong patriarchal norms, high dowry transfers could substitute for lower bride's education. Third, we study the independent effect of husband's and wife's education and its interaction on dowry. Estimates suggest that dowry rises with the groom's education and falls with the bride's schooling years. However, the joint effect of husband-and-wife education on dowry is negative, implying that though dowry rises with groom's education, the rate of increase is smaller the more educated the bride is. Finally, to explain the empirical results, we propose a theoretical model of assortative mating in the presence of dowry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Dowry” is a common word in popular use in the Hispanic world. Our forebears used it often, to denote the set of assets a woman brought with her to the marriage. However, the reality of this historical reality becomes more complex as one’s focus narrows and enters the legal sphere. This text offers a technical reading of the issue based on the doctrinal corpus and legal resources from the late Medieval and Earl Modern Eras (13th18th centuries). The aim is to contribute to a general understanding of the dowry in the framework of the Hispanic legal tradition, concentrating on the regulatory dimension of the phenomenon and on its interpretation and application in legal praxis. Nevertheless, the importance of local legislation in the territories governed by the Spanish monarchy, as well as of usage and custom, signal the extensive work still to be done in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is a point of change in young people's lives, especially in parts of the world that place high value on it, such as in South Asian countries including Nepal. However, marriage practices are changing, with a move towards more love marriage; this is likely to have important implications on women's status and agency, household and couple dynamics, and mental and physical health. The aim of this paper is to describe how changing marriage formation patterns and traditional practices such as co-residence and dowry are intersecting and impacting relationships post-marriage. In-depth qualitative interviews took place with 20 intact triads of newly married women, their husbands and their mothers-in-law, in one district of Nepal in 2017. Many marriages remain arranged; however, couples often talk or meet before marriage and feel that they are able to build a foundation of love before marrying. Access to technology facilitates this practice, although some couples are reluctant to admit their communication, suggesting stigma about this practice. Husbands have growing ambivalence about dowry, leading to confusion and negatively impacting on relationships post-marriage. A clash of traditional and modern ideas and practices is occurring in Nepal, influencing newly married women's household status and relationship quality, and potentially impacting women's health.

Background: Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence, and the factors associated with it among reproductive age group women. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Urban Health Training Center area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India, among married women between 15 and 49 years of age who were selected using systematic random sampling. The data was collected from a sample of 373 women by face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v21. Results: The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15–49 years) women was found to be 59.7%, with emotional violence (54.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (51.2%) and sexual (43.4%) violence in that order. Regular alcohol consumption of husband had the highest odds of spousal violence among women (odds ratio [OR] 12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.51–24.03). Other factors associated with spousal violence among reproductive age group women were early age at marriage, literacy and employment of women and husband, lack of emotional support from the family members, and dowry-related problems in the family. Conclusion: A multifaceted approach including legal measures, empowerment of women, and sociocultural factors involving families, institutions, governmental, nongovernmental, and civil society organizations is the need of the hour.

Background : Even in the presence of stringent laws dowry-related violence, cruelty and dowry death is common in India. Understanding the cause and the manner of suspected dowry death is essential not only to bring the culprits to book but also to prevent these offences. Objectives: This study attempts to elucidate the cause and manner of suspected dowry deaths. Patients and methods: This is an Observational Descriptive Epidemiological study, Cross Sectional in design. This study was conducted at an autopsy centre of Kolkata, India for a period of one year. Data was obtained from reports of postmortem examinations, police and the magistrate inquest of suspected dowry deaths as reported in the institute. Compilation of the data was done in Microsoft Excel. Analysis of the compiled data was done by simple table. Results: The study reveals 35% of the deceased died due to burns, 31% by poisoning and 25% by hanging. Suicide is the manner of death among 69% of the deceased and in 31% it is accident. No case of homicide was reported. Among the suicides, 46% are committed by consuming poisons, 36% by hanging and 18% by burns, while 70% of accidents are due to burns. Conclusion: The study reveals that commonest cause of suspected dowry death is burns followed by poisoning. Suicide is the manner of death in 2/3 of the study population and in 1/3 it is accident. There is no homicidal death in the study population.

Abstract Background Thermal injuries are one of the commonest causes of unnatural deaths in females in developing countries. However, there is a lack of adequate research into the social and psychological aspects that lead to such deaths. The suicidal death due to immolation by fire is a scourge on Indian society that is not being adequately addressed in all its aspects. There is an attempt in this study to bring awareness of the population under risk and to motivate prevention measures. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Victoria Hospital Mortuary for a period of 12 months between 2017 and 2018. Medicolegal and psychological autopsies were performed on 120 female burn victims over 15 years of age. The information gathered via medical records, police investigations, interviews with family, and postmortem findings was analyzed and compiled to obtain the following results. Results Most of the victims, i.e., 52% of the women, were illiterate. More than half of the victims, i.e., 53% of the women in this study, were found to be in the upper-lower socio-economic. Majority of the female victims (63.3%) were married for more than 7 years. Suicide was the commonest manner of death (52%). There was no alleged history of domestic abuse in most cases (73.3%). Only 2 cases, i.e., 1.7% of cases, were booked under Dowry Prohibition Act. Only 28.3% of cases were investigated by Magistrate’s Inquest. History of mental illnesses was reported only in 14.2% of victims. Alcohol was detected in only 2 of the victims (1.7%). Conclusions It is evident that in most cases of deaths in women due to thermal injuries, the entire narrative is not thoroughly investigated and any prior history of domestic abuse, dowry demands/harassment, and even mental illnesses gets under-reported or undocumented. Despite there being a plethora of information regarding the statistics as to how women die due to thermal injuries, very minimal data exists regarding the measures adopted to prevent it. There is a hope that this study inspires the concerned stakeholders to take stock and introduce measures to prevent such potential deaths among the vulnerable female population.

The possibility of using criminal tools in legal affairs is a matter of dispute between jurists. If a person is accused of committing a crime, the possibility of his arrest has been accepted in some cases, but the use of such punitive measures in legal matters requires the examination of its authorization or prohibition from a jurisprudential and legal perspective. The conflict of rights between creditors and debtors has led to disagreements in this regard. Considering that the principle in initial treatment of individuals is that their actions are based on integrity and innocence, it seems that if the debtor claims insolvency, it will not be possible to detain him until the truth or falsity of his claim is proven. Imami and Sunni jurists have also examined this matter- an examination of the evidence of their rulings will also demonstrate that it is not possible to order the arrest of a debtor claiming insolvency. In this article, the correct ruling in this case will be determined through the epistemology of this important point of view from perspectives of the jurists of both sects and judging the proposed opinions. Noting the correct theory in jurisprudence, we will provide a detail interpretation of the relevant laws applicable to the debtor claiming insolvency.

The possibility of using criminal tools in legal affairs is a matter of dispute between jurists. If a person is accused of committing a crime, the possibility of his arrest has been accepted in some cases, but the use of such punitive measures in legal matters requires the examination of its authorization or prohibition from a jurisprudential and legal perspective. The conflict of rights between creditors and debtors has led to disagreements in this regard. Considering that the principle in initial treatment of individuals is that their actions are based on integrity and innocence, it seems that if the debtor claims insolvency, it will not be possible to detain him until the truth or falsity of his claim is proven. Imami and Sunni jurists have also examined this matter- an examination of the evidence of their rulings will also demonstrate that it is not possible to order the arrest of a debtor claiming insolvency. In this article, the correct ruling in this case will be determined through the epistemology of this important point of view from perspectives of the jurists of both sects and judging the proposed opinions. Noting the correct theory in jurisprudence, we will provide a detail interpretation of the relevant laws applicable to the debtor claiming insolvency.

Abstract Background Child marriage remains an important social issue in Indonesia. Child marriages were reported from 14.67% in 2008 to 10.82% in 2019. However, 22 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia still had high child marriage rates above the national average in 2019. This study aims to assess child marriage acceptability in the two locations in Indonesia by gender inequality, financial security, education rates, legal frameworks, dowry, and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Methods This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 1000 respondents consisting of 500 households in Bone District, South Sulawesi and 500 households in Palu, Sigi, and Donggala District in Central Sulawesi participated in the study. Data analyses were conducted based on the Child Marriage Acceptability Index (CMAI) using the bivariate correlation, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and logistic regression. Results This study found several significant factors that contributed to child marriage acceptance in Central and South Sulawesi: household financial security (p = 0.016), dowry (p

The article examines inheritance practices of merchants from a trans-local perspective in the context of early modern globalization and their links to marriage practices, household structures, and business strategies. By analyzing inheritance practices of Tyrolean and Lombardian merchants in the Spanish port city of Cádiz during the eighteenth century, the relevance of intergenerational and trans-territorial resource transfers for merchant families is addressed through the lens of the relationship between kinship, trade, and inheritance norms. Most Lombardian and Tyrolean merchants who migrated to Cádiz formed family and household structures through marriages at their new place of settlement. Dowries received locally and the influx of capital, some of which came from Central Europe through trans-local inheritance, created or greatly expanded business capital. In turn, when merchants acted as testators they opted for local intergenerational rather than trans-local inheritance patterns. Prevailing inheritance norms played an important role in the mobilization of dowries and first-generation capital flows to Cádiz, but could be circumvented by various legal strategies based on social agreements with the aim of promoting the greatest possible concentration of capital. Despite official legal restrictions, women took an active role in this process. In addition to kinship, social relations based on trust and emotional attachment, which were strongly linked to household structures, played a central role in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under Articles 1121, 1122, and 1128 of the Civil Code, the legislature has granted the wife the right to terminate the marriage. This is to prevent harm to her. Assuming that the reason for the termination is attributable to the husband (such as castration, micropenis, misrepresentation, and violation of the condition of the adjective), although the termination is done by the wife, her ineligibility for dowry on the one hand and non-compensation of material and spiritual losses is unfair. On the other hand, the wife should be compensated for damages, especially in cases where marriage is terminated before consummation. It would seem that granting a "right to termination" should not be sufficient as the only sanction, and at the same time, financial support should also be provided to compensate for the material and moral losses associated with divorce. However, under the law, in case of termination before consummation, no dowry is given to the wife except impotence. Therefore, it is necessary to review Article 1101 of the Civil Code. The current study examines other cases of dissolution of marriage before consummation and the wife's right to at least half of the dowry in them. It is believed that the entire dowry is not just against intercourse and some of it is against the marriage contract. Moreover, according to the discussion of civil liability, the wife is presumed to suffer damages; Therefore, compensation is necessary.

Background: Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence, and the factors associated with it among reproductive age group women. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Urban Health Training Center area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India, among married women between 15 and 49 years of age who were selected using systematic random sampling. The data was collected from a sample of 373 women by face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v21. Results: The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15–49 years) women was found to be 59.7%, with emotional violence (54.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (51.2%) and sexual (43.4%) violence in that order. Regular alcohol consumption of husband had the highest odds of spousal violence among women (odds ratio [OR] 12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.51–24.03). Other factors associated with spousal violence among reproductive age group women were early age at marriage, literacy and employment of women and husband, lack of emotional support from the family members, and dowry-related problems in the family. Conclusion: A multifaceted approach including legal measures, empowerment of women, and sociocultural factors involving families, institutions, governmental, nongovernmental, and civil society organizations is the need of the hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muslim marriages are essentially a contract entered into by two consenting adults. It emphasizes the need to lay down the terms of the contract and also ensures financial safeguards to women getting married. The financial safeguards are provided through provision of Mahr – a payment made or committed by the groom towards the bride at the time of Nikah. This article examines the practice of giving and taking Mahr. The findings of the study suggest a huge difference between the actual prescribed way and the practised way of giving Mahr. Due to lack of awareness among women about their rights and the social and cultural practices dominating the practice, Mahr, instead of being a safeguard, becomes a source of bondage into abusive marriages for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence in the Indian context becomes complex with the interplay of law and prevalent sociocultural dimensions vis à vis women. This article analyzes the representation of domestic violence in select Hindi films: Agni Sakshi (With Fire as Witness) (Ghosh, 1996), Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence (Subjugation: A Victim of Marital Violence) (Lajmi, 2001), and Mehndi (Henna) (Khan, 1998). These films conceptualize the legalistic matter of domestic violence in two ways: one, in the form of battering, sexual, emotional, and verbal abuse by a psychopathic husband, and two, as family violence caused by the social evil of dowry. By exploring the fictional screening of the issue of domestic violence, this article analyzes how such depictions have been co-related to contemporary legal discourses. Our article investigates how films contribute to the understanding of domestic violence within the context of legal matters and reveal the underlying feminist or patriarchal values. Through textual analysis of the film texts, we hypothesize that they often reinforce patriarchal narratives by portraying domestic violence as isolated incidents related to husbands' psychopathy or dowry issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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