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This study aimed to explore self-reported domain-specific creativity in relation to the level of empathy, systemizing, and the Big Five personality dimensions. The research sample consisted of 1112 college students to whom the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS), the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ), Baron-Cohen's empathy and systemizing quotients (EQ and SQ), and NEO-FFI were administered. The results suggest that the systemizing quotient (SQ) significantly correlated positively with the K-DOCS Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly scales, as well as with the CAQ Invention and Scientific Discovery scales. The empathy quotient (EQ) significantly correlated in a positive direction with the K-DOCS Self/Everyday creativity. In spite of the fact that the EQ and SQ overlap to a considerable extent with the five general personality dimensions and are closely linked to gender, the results confirm their incremental validity beyond the framework of these variables. The EQ and SQ explain the considerable amount of variability, particularly in the case of the scales connected with scientific and technical creativity: the SQ is a relevant predictor of the K-DOCS Mechanical/Science scale and the CAQ Invention and Scientific Discovery scale. By contrast, the EQ represents a significant predictor of Self/Everyday creativity.

Based on linkage between attention control, gaze and visuomotor control, previous studies suggested that quiet eye training (QET) could improve attention control. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of QET-based visuomotor intervention on different aspects of attention in children with ADHD. Fifty seven children with ADHD aged 9-12 years, were tested on focused, tonic and phasic attention, as well as attention control during a throwing task analysed via eye tracking, in pre- and post-test sessions, six weeks apart. The QET group that underwent specific 5-week QET-based intervention significantly increased focused attention including its accuracy aspect. Reaction times (RTs) and intraindividual RT variability under non-alert and alert conditions as measures of tonic and phasic attention did not change over time in either group. In contrast with the control (CON) group, an extended total time of eye fixations during the pre-throw and throw phase was found in the QET group after the intervention. The results of this study suggest that focused attention in children with ADHD can be improved by a short-term QET-based visuomotor intervention. Future research needs to examine the effects of a longer QET-based intervention, or the intervention in combination with other cognitive training of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As predictive motor control is an important index of neuromotor development and maturation, we developed two touchscreen tablet-based tests of this function. Our aim was to investigate the reliability and validity of both a rapid manual interception test and a pursuit tracking test, using a sample of 124 children (62 boys and 62 girls) from two age groups (7-8-year-oldss and 9–10-year-olds). Participants performed both tablet tests with a stylus (sample rate 100 Hz) with both a visible and a temporarily invisible moving target. Confirmatory factor analyses and omega coefficients showed that both tests were univariate methods that provided a reliable assessment of the latent factor related to predictive visuomotor control. As would be expected, compared to younger children, older children performed better on both manual interception and pursuit tracking. The correlations between the latent factors of the two tests at 95% confidence intervals (−.276, −.608) suggested shared variance. Thus, the touchscreen-tablet based tests of rapid manual interception and manual pursuit tracking appear psychometrically suitable for assessing the neuromotor ability of predictive control in 7-10-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While smartphones enhance communication and productivity, they may negatively affect mental health and cognitive performance. They can be distractive where the risk can have substantial consequences (e.g., in traffic, while working). Even when not in use, smartphones can be distracting and reduce cognitive capacity. This mere presence of smartphones has been described as having an adverse impact on social interaction and cognitive performance. Since creativity is also an increasingly important skill for finding new and useful ideas, the impact of mere presence on creative thinking should be investigated, as considerable evidence is missing. Objectives: The first goal of this study is to replicate the reduction effect of the mere presence of one's smartphone on cognitive capacity and test the effect of the dependency relationship on this hypothesized reduction. The second goal is to investigate this effect on divergent thinking. Methods: A between-subject experiment was carried out with two groups. One group was instructed to leave their phones with their other belongings at the front of the testing room (no phone group) while the second group could keep their phones with them and were instructed to place them on the desk with the screen down, volume and vibrations off. Both groups were tested with tests of attention, fluid intelligence, two divergent thinking tasks (verbal and figural), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. The data from 47 participants were used to test the hypotheses. Results: The study did not find an effect of mere presence on attention. The groups differed in the expected direction, but the difference was not statistically significant, p =.592, Vargha and Delaney's A12 = .52. There was also not a significant effect for fluid intelligence with p = .834, A12 = .41. For divergent thinking, Principal Component Analysis was used to generate verbal and figural scores. We did not find a significant reduction in these two scores, verbal p = .926 with A12 = 0.32, figural p = .069, A12 = .55. There was no support for a moderation effect of smartphone dependency. Discussion and conclusion: Our data do not support the mere presence effect and its negative impact on cognition or divergent thinking. We have considered the differences in the location and ownership of the phone. It can be suggested that having one's own smartphone in the field of vision but knowing it is turned off is not as distracting as having an unknown smartphone where one cannot be sure if it is on or off. Another reason is the small sample size, which affects the possibility of detecting small effects. We propose the potential detectability of these effects in larger samples and advocate for continued research on technology's impact on cognition and creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Due to the role of the human factor in traffic accidents and the effort to prevent these accidents, it is necessary to distinguish between different forms of risk behaviour of drivers and their different psychological causes (motives). The aim of this study is to prepare and experimentally verify the reliability and factor validity of the Czech version of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and provide orientational norms for the population of Czech drivers. In addition, predictors of individual factors of driving behaviour are discussed, which define groups of drivers showing a tendency towards specific types of driving behaviour. This article also deals with practical impacts in relation to driver training, assessment, preventive measures and driver's assistance systems in the vehicle. Sample and setting. The original 50-item version of the DBQ questionnaire was translated and subsequently adapted to the population of Czech drivers. The study involved a total of 2,684 Czech drivers, of which 1,791 were men and 893 were women. Statistical analysis. Responses to all 50 items were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results. The results confirm that DBQ can be modeled as a two-factor method where the first factor can be described as unintentional driving mistakes, the other as deliberate committing of traffic offenses. Of all tested models, the best fit was observed using a shortened 36-item version of the questionnaire. Omega coefficients for both scales exceeded 0.85. The limitation of this study, which has to be taken into the account especially when dealing with the norms, is age structure of the research sample, when young drivers are dominant and drivers older 65 years are represented rarely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore self-reported domain-specific creativity in relation to the level of empathy, systemizing, and the Big Five personality dimensions. The research sample consisted of 1112 college students to whom the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K- DOCS), the Creative Achievement Questionnaire ( CAQ), Baron-Cohen's empathy and systemizing quotients ( EQ and SQ), and NEO- FFI were administered. The results suggest that the systemizing quotient ( SQ) significantly correlated positively with the K- DOCS Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly scales, as well as with the CAQ Invention and Scientific Discovery scales. The empathy quotient ( EQ) significantly correlated in a positive direction with the K- DOCS Self/Everyday creativity. In spite of the fact that the EQ and SQ overlap to a considerable extent with the five general personality dimensions and are closely linked to gender, the results confirm their incremental validity beyond the framework of these variables. The EQ and SQ explain the considerable amount of variability, particularly in the case of the scales connected with scientific and technical creativity: the SQ is a relevant predictor of the K- DOCS Mechanical/Science scale and the CAQ Invention and Scientific Discovery scale. By contrast, the EQ represents a significant predictor of Self/Everyday creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the HEXACO six-factor personality model, the personality is best described by six dimensions. These are: Honesty-humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to experience. The authors of the model - Michael C. Ashton and Kibeom Lee, refer to the possibility of a more differentiated depiction of personality structure and provide an alternative to other respected factorial models. While the sixfactor model is commonly used in Canada and in the USA, in the Czech Republic it is not. In the research, we strived to determine the basic parameters of the Czech version of the six-dimension method. Furthermore, we aimed to validate the HEXACO model structure using exploratory factor analysis. The participants consisted of 760 college students (221 males and 539 females) from more than 20 universities of the Czech Republic (e.g. Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University, Palacký University in Olomouc). The 100-item Personality Inventory HEXACOPI-R was used for measurement. It is self-report instrument that assesses the six major dimensions of personality. The internal-consistency reliabilities (Cronbach's alpha) for the HEXACO-PI-R scales were high. The reliabilities ranged from .76 (Openness to Experience) to .88 (Extraversion) at the factor level. The 24 facet scales in the HEXACO-PI-R were submitted to a principal axis factor analysis. When these factors were rotated to a Varimax solution, a simple factor structure emerged (the sizes of the corresponding factor loading were big, ranging from .46 to .73). The mutual correlations among the six factor-level scales were low. The highest correlation (r = .28) was found between Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness. Discriminant validity was established. While the six dimensions of the HEXACO model showed high levels of the Cronbach's alpha, some of the facet-level scales were low. Particularly the facet-levels of Openness to Experience seem a little problematic; alpha ranges from .40 (Unconventionality) to .62 (Aesthetic appreciation). But in general, Openness to Experience is the most controversial dimension in terms of the content interpretation. Ongoing work with the Czech translation of the items covered by this dimension is needed. To compare the two structures, the Czech and the original Canadian, we used the congruence calculation. It ranges from .93 (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality) to .96 (Conscientiousness). The Canadian and Czech factor structure show a high level of correspondence. Further work with the model should consider the critical comments concerning for example the inhomogeneous identification of the Honesty-Humility factor in different languages (De Raad et al., 2010). The Czech version of 100-item HEXACO-PI-R seems to be usable in our socio-culture conditions regarding its high Cronbach's alpha, the validated six-factor model structure and the established discriminant validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the overall context of a modified version of chamber restricted environmental stimulation (chamber REST; in a variation also known as "Darkness Therapy" - „DT") on the meaning in life, mindfulness and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 37 clients of the Beskydy Rehabilitation Centre in Čeladná who, based on their own decision, underwent a week-long stay under chamber REST conditions, between 15th March, 2012 and 14th November, 2013. The age ranged between 25 and 84 (M = 45.86; SD = 13.16). The sample consisted of 17 women and 20 men. The youngest woman was 25 years old and the oldest one was 71 years old. The youngest man was 25 years old and the oldest man was 84 years old. The respondents were selected by purposive voluntary sampling. Considering the education, 14 subjects completed secondary-school education, 23 of them completed university education. Considering the occupation, 3 respondents were retired, the remaining 34 were employed. All subjects, who participated in the research voluntarily and at their own expense, underwent technically the same process. It was a seven-day stay in a REST environment (absolute darkness, quiet and solitude). The participants stated and confirmed by their signature that they did not show any psychopathological reactions at that time, they did not take any psychopharmaceutical drugs and did not experience any significant physical ailments (acute illness, bleeding etc.) and they entered the experimental environment voluntarily. During the week the participants/clients were daily visited by a therapist with whom they could talk about any current issues. The duration of the interviews depended on their current needs, thirty to forty-five minutes on average. A week before the DT stay, each of the subjects filled in the following diagnostic questionnaires: Existence Scale (ES), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Three weeks after they completed the procedure they received the same measures again. The data obtained were evaluated by the SPSS software. Normal distribution of data was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. The effect of the experimental conditions was assessed by a pairedsample t-test or Wilcoxon paired-sample test. The distortion emerging as a result of multiple testing was eliminated by Bonferroni correction. Comparing the values measured prior to and after the stay in the researched modification of chamber REST environment (DT), we found a significant difference on all scales. Most of them remained significant even after applying the Bonferroni correction. Therefore, we concluded that the overall framework of the effect of the researched modification of chamber restricted environmental stimulation applied for a week has a positive influence on the respondents regarding the meaning in life (evaluated by ES), mindfulness (measured by FFMQ) and self-esteem (measured by RSES). No statistically significant differences were found as a function of gender or educational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to analyse the effect of two independent variables (professional orientation grounded in the RIASEC model, and sex) on the NEO-FFI scores and the self-report questionnaires of domain-specific creativity (K-DOCS and CAQ); (b) to verify six hypotheses based on previous research; (c) to find out the internal consistency of Czech translation of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale; (d) to analyse the factor structure of Czech translation of the K-DOCS using EFA, and to compare it with the original version of the questionnaire. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 950 students mostly from Palacký University in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Cronbach's alfa was used as an estimate of the internal consistency of Czech version of the K-DOCS. Its five-factor structure was verified using EFA. The effects of vocational interests and sex on the dependent variables were explored by MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey's test. Results. EFA supported preposition that Czech translation of the K-DOCS has similar five factor structure as its original version. Students with the artistic vocational interests are significantly higher on neuroticism than the innovative, social and enterprising ones. I-STEM types scored higher than other groups on the K-DOCS scale of Mechanical/Science, and lower on the scale of Self/Everyday. The artistic types were higher than other groups on the CAQ domains of Performance, Music and Creative writing. Female students scored higher than male ones on the K-DOCS scales of Self/Everyday and Artistic creativity. Men were higher than women on the K-DOCS scales of Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly. They also scored higher than women on the CAQ scales of Humor, Invention, and Science. Study limitation. The study was realised at Moravian universities. In a research sample, there was greater proportion of women (75%) than men. Data were collected using web application. Effect of the realistic and conventional vocational interests on dependent variables was not examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to answer whether environment with restricted environmental stimulation (REST; chamber REST variant) influences the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The criterion of the effect on ANS is measuring the heart rate variability (HRV). A pilot research of chamber REST (a variant on the Dark Therapy; DT): in co-operation with dr. Andrew Urbiš from Beskydy Rehabilitation Centre in Čeladná (BRC) we commenced measuring HRV with an emWave2 device in clients prior to and after a week of chamber REST (DT). From the data obtained from the measurements we can tentatively make the preliminary conclusion that HRV tends to increase after a week of DT. Thanks to the findings we are preparing a more elaborated experimental study in 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to verify the factor structure of Czech translations of the Baron-Cohen's inventories AQ, SQ, and EQ; (b) to explore the differences in autistic features, level of empathy and systemizing between the exact sciences and humanities students, and between men and women; (c) to find possible correlation among the scores in Baron-Cohen's questionnaires and five general personality dimensions, measured by NEO-FFI. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 268 students from the Faculty of Science PU and 349 students from the Philosophical Faculty PU in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure of the Baron-Cohen's inventories. Effects of gender, field of study, and their interaction on dependant variables were explored by ANOVA. The relationships between measured variables were examined by Pearson's correlation. The potential bias of repeated testing was corrected by Bonferroni's method. Results. CFA confirmed the four-factor model of SQ, and the three-factor model of EQ. It also revealed support for the five-factor model of AQ. The exact sciences students scored significantly higher on the Systemizing Quotient than humanities students. Women are significantly higher than men on the Empathy Quotient and lower on the Systemizing Quotient. The autistic features, measured by AQ, negatively correlate with NEO-FFI dimension Extraversion and positively with Neuroticism. The level of empathy appeared to correspond to the Extraversion. AQ correlated negatively with EQ. Study limitation. The study was realised at two faculties of one Moravian university. There was a greater proportion of women (75%) than men in the research sample. Data were collected using web application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the hierarchy of the sciences has a strong tradition especially in the sociology of science. It is shown that organisations of sciences according to various criteria are very similar: "hard", exact and theoretical disciplines are always placed at one end of the continuum, and "soft", social or applied sciences at the other end. The aim of this study is to find connections between a position of a science at the hierarchy and personality traits of its representatives. The research sample consists of 132 experts from Palacký University in Olomouc who have been administrated three personality inventories (NEO-FFI, PSSI, SSI). The results suggest that representatives of the "soft sciences" incline to extraversion, openness to experience, and emotional expressivity more than representatives of the exact disciplines. "Soft sciences " experts also score relatively high on the PSSI-scale ambitious/narcissistic and endearing/histrionic style, and low on the PSSI-scale reserved/schizoid style. Research findings are interpreted in the context of Baron-Cohen E-S theory and the psychology of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed to explore the differences in social intelligence and personality styles in representatives of the exact and human sciences teaching at Palacký University in Olomouc and between male and female research participants. Subjects and methods. The research sample consisted of 107 experts from the Faculty of Science of PU and 78 representatives of the human sciences from the Philosophical Faculty and the Faculty of Theology of PU who were administrated the Czech translation of the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and the Czech version of the Inventory of Personality Styles and Disorders (PSSI). Hypotheses. The following hypotheses were verified: Experts in human sciences score significantly higher than experts in exact sciences on the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) total scale. Female research participants have significantly higher scores than males on the SSI total scale. Experts in exact sciences are significantly higher than representatives of human sciences on the PSSI-scale reserved/schizoid style. Statistical analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Levene test for equality of variance, the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Results. Experts in human sciences did not score significantly higher than experts in exact sciences on the SSI total scale. Female research participants received significantly higher scores than males on this scale. Experts in exact sciences were not significantly higher than representatives of human sciences on the PSSI-scale reserved/ schizoid style. Study limitation. The small and non-representative research sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Czech adaptation of the Humor Structure Appreciation Scale (HSAS) which measures appreciation of two structural dimensions of humor: incongruityresolution (INC-RES), and nonsense (NON). Differences in humor structure appreciation were investigated between a Czech and a Macedonian sample, and measurement invariance was tested. Participants and setting. Two online studies were conducted. After a back-translation of the scale, the first proposal of the Czech version of the HSAS was given to 145 participants from the Czech Republic. In the second study, the HSAS-CZ was completed by a Czech sample of 346 subjects. A measure of the need for closure was also completed to assess construct validity. The Macedonian sample comprised of 562 subjects filled in only the original version of the HSAS. Results. Principal component analysis showed that the sum of variance explained by the two dimensions was 60.8%, and the factor loadings were satisfactory. The second study confirmed the factor structure of the scale. The results of the Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the two-factor model had acceptable fit (RMSEA = .053 [.034, .072], CFI = .986, TLI = .981). The standardized factor loadings were high for INC-RES (λ = .62 to .79), as well as for NON humor (λ = .57 to 80). Initial construct validity was obtained. The HSAS-CZ scales were theoretically related to the need for closure. The jokes were found funnier by the Macedonian sample in comparison to the Czech by one third to one half standard deviation. Finally, strict measurement invariance model comparing the Czech and Macedonian versions of the test showed an acceptable fit. However, significant differences were found in factor loadings as well as in residual variances. Limitations. The main limitation of the study is the use of convenience samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When developing the evidence-based system for Zulliger inkblot test (ZTT), the first objective is to create conditions allowing us to define psychometrically relevant evaluation procedures and validate the conclusions of interpretation. The adequacy of psychometric evaluation and validity of interpretations are significantly influenced by the number of responses provided to the stimulant material. The aim of the present study is therefore to verify the possibility of standardization of the total number of responses by comparing the influence of three various types of instructions on the total number of provided responses and the selected scoring variable. The study was conducted on a group of 45 respondents (5 men and 40 women) aged between 19 and 33. These were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was given ZTT with different instructions: the traditional instruction for ZTT (Michal, 1998), the instruction according to Comprehensive System (CS) for ZTT (Mattlar et al., 1993), and the instruction based on the R-optimized principle developed by authors of this study. The data analysis employed description statistics, Kendall´s correlation coefficient, the Brown-Forsythe test and K-Sample Anderson-Darling Test. The results showed that all instruction types resulted in a sufficient number of responses; however, only the R-optimized instruction provided a standardized number of responses. A correlation between the number of responses and some of the observed variables was identified in the case of the traditional instruction for ZTT and the instruction according to CS for ZTT. The obtained results suggest that the R-optimized instruction is particularly beneficial for the new evidence-based approach. The limitation of the study is the small sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to verify the factor structure of the Czech translation of Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale (SCAI) in Czech grammar schools, students and to explore reliability of the scale. Curiosity about self was initially conceptualized as the desire that people have to explore and understand themselves and their psychological functioning beyond what they already know about themselves. Sample and setting. A total of 2356 Czech adolescents, aged 15-19, who studied grammar school participated in the study. The research sample consisted of 1406 female students and 950 male students. The sample covered 2,75% of the Czech adolescent population at grammar schools. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure of the Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale. Omega coefficients were used as the estimates of reliability. Results. CFA confirmed two-factor structure of the Czech version of Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale. Reliability reaches a value of 0.72. Study limitation. The construct validity of the SCAI-CZ was taken over from the study published by the authors of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the study was to verify the frustration potential of the Rosenzweig picture frustration test, PFT (C-W), in the context of changes in the secretion of the hormones testosterone and cortisol. Sample and setting. The study cohort consisted of young adults (N = 69) aged on average 21.8 years who were subjected to psychodiagnostic testing during interval saliva sampling to establish the dynamics of changes in hormone levels of testosterone and cortisol. Hypotheses. There is an increase in the levels of testosterone and cortisol between samplings before and after the administration of PFT (C-W) in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. The study observes whether the participants in the experimental group exhibiting an increase in testosterone in samplings before and after the administration of PFT (CW) achieve a significantly higher PFT (C-W) scores than those who do not exhibit an increase in testosterone, and whether there is a positive correlation between the increase in testosterone level before and after the administration of PFT (C-W). Statistical analysis. The values of the model parameters and their statistical significance were analysed in the environment of the statistical program R using the lme4 libraries, statistical Linear Mixed-Effects Model was used. Results. The frustration potential of PFT (C-W) could not be demonstrated convincingly with the biomarkers measured. A separate version of PFT (C-W) - F was developed, with modifications of verbal stimuli in order to eliminate its frustration potential. The results suggest that PFT (C-W) - F displays a tendency to a more pronounced frustration potential than the original method. Study limitation. The total number of participants was limited by the difficulty in performing biochemical analyses; the sample studied is not representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The aim of the present study was to estimate the complex association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), substance use, and other risky behaviours in Czech adolescents whilst providing prevalence estimates of IGD and psychometric information regarding the Czech Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF)., Methods: A representative sample of 3,950 Czech adolescents was recruited through stratified random sampling in the school setting., Results: Disordered gamers showed frequent use of specific substances such as pharmaceuticals, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. In contrast, non-gamers had higher prevalence of alcohol, cigarettes, sedatives and tranquillisers, and marijuana use. A logistic regression, utilising IGDS9-SF raw scores and average daily gaming time, revealed a U-shaped relationship between gaming and both alcohol and cigarette use. Additionally, conduct problems such as bullying, and risky in-game behaviours were more prevalent among disordered gamers, with the exception of forging parents' signatures. The overall prevalence of IGD was 3.62% (95% CI = [3.1%, 4.3%]), with higher rates in males (5.89%; 95% CI = [4.9%, 7.0%]) than in females (1.45%; 95% CI = [1.0%, 2.1%])., Discussion and Conclusions: The Czech IGDS9-SF used in the present study showed adequate psychometric properties. The association between gaming and substance use behaviours may be specific and multifaceted depending on the severity of the gaming-related problems. Furthermore, disordered gamers may become more vulnerable due to a higher incidence of conduct problems, bullying (victimisation), and in-game risky behaviours such as engagement with microtransactions mechanics (e.g., loot box) within video games.

The HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) has become one of the most heavily applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality traits. Correspondingly, the inventory has been translated to many languages for use in cross-cultural research. However, formal tests examining whether the different language versions of the HEXACO-PI-R provide equivalent measures of the 6 personality dimensions are missing. We provide a large-scale test of measurement invariance of the 100-item version of the HEXACO-PI-R across 16 languages spoken in European and Asian countries ( N  = 30,484). Multigroup exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed consistent support for configural and metric invariance, thus implying that the factor structure of the HEXACO dimensions as well as the meaning of the latent HEXACO factors is comparable across languages. However, analyses did not show overall support for scalar invariance; that is, equivalence of facet intercepts. A complementary alignment analysis supported this pattern, but also revealed substantial heterogeneity in the level of (non)invariance across facets and factors. Overall, results imply that the HEXACO-PI-R provides largely comparable measurement of the HEXACO dimensions, although the lack of scalar invariance highlights the necessity for future research clarifying the interpretation of mean-level trait differences across countries.