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Objective The formation of monsoon climates is attributed to the seasonal reversal of wind direction and precipitation caused by the difference in thermal capacity between land and ocean. Asia is recognized as the most prominent region globally, with monsoon climates, that affect the largest population. The heavy rainfall accompanying monsoons can result in various secondary disasters, substatially jeopardizing human safety and productivity in the region. Consequently, comprehending the formation process of the Asian monsoon holds paramount importance. Methods This study aim to employ geological concepts to establish a connection between the past and present, providing an overview of the components of Asian monsoons, identifying the primary factors influencing their formation and evolution, and summarizing research progress on the South Asian and East Asian monsoons based on sediment records from key Asian locations. Results The findings indicate that during the Cenozoic, the collision between the Indian Plate and the southern margin of the Asian continent altered the distribution of land and sea in Asia. Consequently, the Tibetan Plateau experienced initial uplift, contributing to the emergence of monsoon climates in South Asia and East Asia. However, at this stage, the East Asian region was still primarily influenced by the planetary wind system, and the East Asian monsoon was in its early stages, predominantly restricted to the southern margin of the South China Plate in a localized manner. In contrast, the South Asian Monsoon covered a relatively extensive area. This discrepancy may be attributed to the delayed opening of marginal seas in the East Asian region compared to the relatively earlier occurrence of land and sea distribution in South Asia. However, as the Tibetan Plateau continued to uplift and approach its current altitude during the middle to late Cenozoic, the Asian monsoon entered a strengthening phase, notably impacting regional geological evolution processes. Since the middle to late Cenozoic, the development of the North and South Polar ice caps and the upliftment of the Tibetan Plateau have controlled the Asian monsoon, leading it to undergo multiple stable periods of development. Conclusion The development and evolution of the East Asian and South Asian monsoons are mainly driven by the distribution of sea and land in the Asia, the upliftment of the Tibetan Plateau and the global climate change during the Cenozoic. Significance These findings provide valuable insights into the scientific and rational utilization of the Asian monsoon for conducting systematic Earth science research in Asia.

H2S has been identified as endogenously generated gasotransmitter in mammalian which acts essential role in various physiological and pathological processes. In this work, we reported the use of hydrophilic, low‐toxic and photostable Zn‐doped AgIn5S8 quantum dots (ZAIS QDs) in H2S detection. Copper ions, acting as recognition moieties, are conjugated on the surface of ZAIS QD to construct the fluorescent probe. The weak fluorescence signal of the probe owing to the quenching effect of paramagnetic Cu2+ center on ZAIS QDs can exhibit significant fluorescence turn‐on property upon the addition of H2S. Simultaneously, the probe possesses high sensitivity at physiological pH, excellent membrane permeability and dose‐dependent fluorescence imaging of exogenous H2S in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-23-823/coif). All authors report that this research was funded by the Shandong Medical Association clinical research fund (grant No. YXH2022ZX02042). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.

Herein, we present a facile colloidal method to synthesize the high-quality AgGaS 2 nanocrystals (NCs) within 2 min via exploiting the high-reactivity S precursor and then extend this synthetic strategy to the preparation of AgGaS 2 /ZnS core-shell NCs by a one-pot method without prior purification of AgGaS 2 core. The as-synthesized samples were structurally characterized to confrim the formation of AgGaS 2 /ZnS core-shell NCs. The energy band gap of the AgGaS 2 /ZnS NCs can be effectively tunable from 2.98 to 2.83 eV by the control of their nonstoichiometry and further continuously decreases to 1.90 eV by the preparation of alloyed AgGa x In 1- x S 2 /ZnS NCs (1 ≤ x ≤ 0). Benefitting from the efficient band gap modulations, the photoluminescence (PL) colors of the AgGaS 2 -based NCs can cover almost the whole visible region from blue (460 nm) to red (671 nm). Our work demonstrates the one-pot synthesis of AgGaS 2 /ZnS core-shell NCs and their band gap engineering, which is of crucial in scalability toward industrial application and in tailoring optical characteristics of I-III-VI 2 materials.