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Traditional products preserve and promote local identity, culture and tradition. They also contribute to the local economy, environmental protection and public health. This paper studied the development of the traditional products sector in Romania in the period 2013-2022. The main objective was to show the distribution among product types and landforms. The information was gathered from two main sources, the "National Register of Traditional Products" and the "Catalogue of Certified Products and Activities" of the Romanian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development. The research showed that almost 41.6% of traditional products are found in the meat and meat products category, followed by milk and dairy products with 18.2%. They are mainly produced in mountain and lowland areas. In the period 2013-2022, an increase in product structure can be observed in beverages and bakery products in lowland areas, vegetable and fruit products in mountain areas, and fish products in mountain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the labour resources a NUTS 2 level, between 2005 and 2020, by using the national databases regarding the Romanian workforce. We analyzed the employed population by total, residence environments and main economical national activities. The research revealed the increase in human resources in North-West of the country and in the areas surrounding the capital Bucharest, but the regions from North-East and South retain the higher shares in the structure of employed population. By observing the development pattern for 2005-2020 period we identified many challenges: the decrease of population and employment rate in the majority of the regions; the shift of employment from agriculture to industry and especially services sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interhuman relations have experienced many moments of peace, which have favored the emergence of progress, but also moments of unrest, which have led to the emergence of tense phases. It was therefore necessary to develop measures and procedures to bring people to the table for dialogue and cooperation. The mediation procedure is a special feature of the amicable dispute settlement procedures that are alternatives to state justice. Mediation involves processes based on the parties' openness to dialogue, their mutual trust in each other and their willingness to make concessions in order to reach a mutually acceptable and lasting agreement. The main purpose of the present research is to provide a clear view on the current state of implementation of the mediation concept among the inhabitants of rural communities in the South-Muntenia Development Region. The following sociological methods were used to obtain the working information and to research them: questionnaire method, comparative analysis method and Hi-square test method. The sociological research revealed that there is still a low level of knowledge of the mediation procedure among the rural population in the study area. Interestingly, the number of men who know about the mediation procedure is significantly higher than the number of women, but the interest in the procedure is high among those who said they knew and had even used mediation by the time of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the inhabitants of rural communities in the South-Muntenia Development Region, the occurrence of conflicts is an inherent reality of life... The main purpose of this scientific research is to identify the main types of conflicts faced by the inhabitants of the study area and the causes of their occurrence, as well as to determine the influence of the level of education of the population on conflict management. The following sociological methods were used to collect the working information and research them: questionnaire method, comparative analysis method and Hisquare test method. The research revealed that the most common types of conflicts in the population of the study area are family and work conflicts. Thus, it is revealed that family conflicts, by their degree of complexity due to the strong subjective specificity that characterizes them, do not spare individuals regardless of their level of schooling. Also, in the rural communities of the study area there is a discrete relationship of direct proportionality between the number of the most frequent types of conflicts in which the respondents are involved and their level of education, in the sense that people who have a maximum level of professional education of secondary/vocational level are more likely to become party to a conflict - regardless of its type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the main characteristics of the Romanian labour resources between 1999 and 2019 by using the statistic database collected in territorial profile. We analyzed the civil employment population based on their territorial distribution and we correlate the results with the main economical national activities. The research proved a polarization of human resources around the important cities, but also a distribution of civil employment population in the counties from central and west part of the country where in the last two decades developed more economic branches like construction and manufacturing industries. By observing the development pattern for 1999-2019 period we can say that Romania is facing many challenges like the decrease of labour resources due to reallocation to other counties or external migration. However we also observed that the industry, constructions and commerce act as polarizing sectors for the labour force, to the detriment of agricultural activities, so the future strategies have to be oriented towards the development of business in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents an analysis of how the number of operators in the organic agriculture sector in Romania, in general, and in Prahova County, in particular, has evolved. The analyzed interval is 2010-2019 for the world and European level and 2010-2020 for national level, period for which complete data were found. The global and European context regarding this indicator of organic agriculture was initially analyzed and interpreted and then the data regarding its evolution in Romania and in Prahova County. The following were analyzed: the evolution of the organic number producers, the number of processors, the number of importers and exporters of organic products, using documentation as a working method. The conclusions that emerge are that, in the context in which organic farming is considered the agriculture of the future, human society is increasingly concerned about the protection of the environment and the health of its members, this production system has expanded in recent years, in parallel. increasing the number of operators in the system. Also, Romania followed the general trend of development of the organic agriculture sector, the Romanian farmers being motivated, in increasing number, to practice this production system. Farmers in Prahova County are no exception, being certified both for organic production in the plant and animal sector and for processing, import-export and marketing of organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aim to analyze and compare the socio-economic development potential of 17 territorial administrative units from the rural area of Hunedoara County, which have in their composition some of the most depopulated villages in the county. The commune's socio-economic status is analyzed from the perspective of five main indicators: endogenous potential, physical-geographical characteristics, economic activities, public infrastructure and human capital. From the interpretation and comparison of these indicators it results that at the level of the rural areas from Hunedoara County there are big differences between the territorial administrative units, especially in the case of the indicators of public infrastructure and economic activities. As expected, in the resulting hierarchy it can be seen that, the communes that are located at a considerable distance from the county's main urban centers and which are not crossed by main transit roads, have a low potential for socio-economic development. Even if some communes have a low score of this indicator, this does not mean that those communities have no chance of recovery. Public policies must be adapted to encourage the development of these communities through the implementation of the National Rural Development Program 20014-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania's mountain area constitutes a defined geographic, economic and social entity, with specific climate, relief, natural and socio-cultural heritage, an identity recognized in Europe and all over the world. The paper aims to analyze the main normative acts for the mountain area in Romania developed after 1990, focusing on the specific legislation of the last 7 years. The aim was to create the legislative framework created, starting with the delimitation of the mountain area - to which this legislation is addressed, the public institutions established for the mountain area, as well as the main provisions to support the mountain population, producers and entrepreneurs in this area. The study of documents was used as research methods: laws, government decisions, ministerial orders, as well as content observation or analysis. The data were collected and interpreted. Results obtained: The 3 official delimitations of the existing mountain area during the studied period were identified and presented, the normative acts by which they were legislated as well as the main criteria that were the basis of each of these delimitations. It should be noted that the delimitation has undergone changes over time, depending on the instruments, policies and legislation existing at each of the times when they were developed. The main public institutions, with a role in the development of mountain areas and the application of public policies, were also identified. The development of mountain areas is achieved through specific policies. The Law of the Mountain and the subsequent laws elaborated, aim to support mountain producers, entrepreneurs and implicitly to lead to the development of mountain areas. By acquiring the right to use the optional quality mention "mountain product", at the level of the mountain area in Romania a Register and a national logo were created and a number of 580 "certified" products were obtained on the end of April 2020. Another 5 laws that provide for investments in this area are being drafted and are waiting to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to analyze the most depopulated 20 villages in Hunedoara County in order to identify the possibilities of rescue from extinction by exploiting their agro-tourism potential. The rural area of Hunedoara County has a high agro-tourism potential due, firstly, to the very beautiful landscapes and secondly to the numerous tourist objectives that can be found on the County territory. Starting from the preferences of tourists and investors that were identified through previous research, we analyzed the agritourism potential of the most depopulated 20 villages in Hunedoara County. This analysis aimed at identifying and scaling ten indicators that were used later in the development of a Fishbein-Rosenberg mathematical model. The results of this model is a hierarchy of villages analyzed according to the potential of agritourism development. This hierarchy can represent a starting point for investors that are interested in developing agritouristic facilities in the depopulated villages in Hunedoara County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years the share of tourism in the Romanian GDP has grown steadily and started to represent an important part of the Romanian economy. An important aspect of the tourism industry is represented by the rural tourism which have a high growth potential in our country. At present, rural tourism and agritourism represent only a small part of total tourism, but this niche has increased significantly in the last years. The rural areas of Romania attract many tourists from the country and from abroad who appreciate them due to the picturesque landscapes and the cultural habits kept by generations. In order to be able to find out exactly how this activity can be improved, a quantitative research based on the questionnaire method was performed. This research aims to find out what are the main characteristics that tourists look for when choosing how to spend their holidays and how important are certain aspects in the decision of choosing the tourist destination. The paper aimed to analyze consumers' perceptions and expectations regarding rural tourism and agritourism in Hunedoara county, Romania. The results revealed that the majority of consumers who answered the questionnaire had a positive opinion about rural tourism, which was found in the top of the preferences of consumers who choose to spend their holidays in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze how rural areas use social enterprises as a tool for enhancing progress across economic and social domains. Social economy has been given many definitions over time, but regardless of the discussed concept, the main purpose of "the third sector of the economy" is the same. The social economy has emerged from the need to find new and innovative solutions for social, economic or environmental problems of communities and to meet the needs of community members that are ignored or insufficiently covered by the private and public sectors. The methodology that led to this paper is represented by relevant studies in the analyzed field, the legislation in force and analysis made by the Romanian National Institute of Statistics. Social enterprises are considered to be the engine of local development, thus contributing to solving social and economic problems. The main benefits of these businesses are: increasing the level of social cohesion, creating jobs for disadvantaged people, improving the cooperation between community members and institutions, increasing the environment and life's quality, emphasizing the Romanian traditions and handicrafts that are part of the country's culture, thus putting into the value the cultural potential specific to the area to which it belongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the authors propose the elaboration and application of a theoretical model to assess the degree of socio-economic development of the Romanian rural space in view of giving a counties' hierarchy and setting some temporal tendencies having as a reference year- the year 2007, that of the European Union accessing . In order to accomplish these goals the specialty literature regarding the theoretical model was reviewed and a set of relevant and available indicators in the national database (NSI) was proposed, on basis of which a composite indicator was calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to highlight, from the point of view of the specialized literature, the role of the Romanian rural household in rural economy, while taking into consideration the opportunities and constraints of the new rural development paradigm. The basic activity of the Romanian rural household is agriculture, with subsistence as main characteristic; yet it should not be neglected that agriculture must ensure food security, ensure the rural population's stability through job opportunities and decent incomes, contribute to environment protection, hence the need to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of farming activities on the subsistence household farm. The rural household (which partially overlaps with the small peasant farm) has a recognized role in maintaining the rural settlements, being responsible for the preservation of natural, social and cultural resources. The present generation of farmers, according to the European Commission, has the multiple role of farmer, custodian of rural areas and entrepreneur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate changes represent constraining factors for crops growth and development. The progressive warming of the atmosphere, resulting from the synergic action of several natural and anthropic factors, has contributed to the diminution of rainfall at soil level. The irrigation of crops, a technique by which the soil is directly supplied with a supplementary water input, besides the water received naturally, is absolutely necessary in the conditions of arid weather. The present study refers to the influence of the climate changes and the need for irrigations in Braila county, a county with a high agricultural potential, but also to the yields obtained on the main crops in irrigated and nonirrigated systems. In the period 2006-2015, the effective utilization of agricultural areas equipped with irrigation systems was maximum 33%, while in the years 2006 and 2010 respectively, the utilization degree was under 15%. In all the investigated crops, the average yields per hectare obtained under irrigated system were higher than those obtained under non-irrigated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the tourist perceptions regarding the tourism development in Danube Delta and to understand the typology of tourists which travel in this area. In this context, it was carried out a questionnaire survey in 2017 on 169 tourists. The main results of our survey revealed a general positive attitude towards the touristic offers from Danube Delta Region in terms of accessibility, hospitality and touristic accommodation. It was observed a dissatisfaction regarding: promotion and image; the lack of local shops (foods and souvenirs); transport quality; recreational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Danube Delta was in 2016 the object of large debates regarding the future development of this area. The proposed strategic measures concentrate on the economic benefits of local communities and on the conservation of biodiversity, but in the same time sustainable tourism was considered (together with small industries and traditional crafts development) a very important source of revenue for the local communities. We consider that understanding residents' perceptions over the tourism activities from Danube Delta can improve the future decisions of stakeholders. In this context, the paper examines the attitudes of local people from Danube Delta towards the ongoing tourism and the impact of tourism on their communities. Questionnaire surveys were carried out in 2016 in 12 villages and were collected responses from 146 local residents. The main results of our survey revealed a positive attitude of residents towards tourism in general (especially amongst female, non-employees, high-income and directly involved in tourism respondents) and towards tourism in their community (especially amongst male, non-employees, low-income and directly involved in tourism respondents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, rural development, as most known concept, is associated with Rural Development Program and its implication. However, in our opinion, the rural development can be stimulated thought other types of EU funding as well. Currently, 46% of the Romania's population lives in rural areas and the majority of them are involved in subsistence or semi-subsistence agriculture associated with informal employment or unpaid family work, low productivity and poverty. For the rural areas, the human capital is a very important resource and in order to increase economic growth in these areas it is necessary to invest in the education and the development of the rural population. Development of the rural population can be stimulated trough a set of supporting actions which implies changes and full support of the individuals or groups. Therefore, policies and programs designed especially for development of human resources can greatly help on educating and opening new opportunities for the rural population and in this way improving the quality of rural life. Through this paper we aim to analyze the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Development (SOP HRD) projects implemented in rural areas and for the rural area population and to highlight the importance of this type of projects for the development of the addressed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the situation of the social economy in Romania. Through this work, we want to emphasize the role that non-reimbursable European funds have in the development of the social economy in Romania, by making a comparison between the state of social economy before the funding period of 2007 to 2013, the state of social economy after the funding period of 2007 to 2013, the difference been made by the results of the European funding for this section. It is based on the annual reports provided by Ministry of European Funds for Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013, along with recent publications presenting the investigated topic. For the funding period of 2007 to 2013, the data have been processed into the following indicators: social economy structures created, people qualified or requalified in programs for vulnerable groups and the number of jobs created. After the implementation period of 2007 to 2013, the social economy sector has been improved by the foundation of approximately 1,400 social economy structures, by the qualification or requalification of over 130,000 vulnerable people and by creating over 12,000 jobs in the founded structures. As a conclusion, we consider that after the funding period of 2007 to 2013, the significant steps have been made, but the improvements still need to be made in approaching the people belonging to vulnerable groups, helping them fill the gaps that separate them from the majority population in terms of education, work culture and skills required on the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper approaches the evaluation of competitiveness at macro regional level, compared to national level, focusing on Macro-region 1. The methodology is based on a model for the evaluation of the competitiveness of rural areas developed in Croatia, which was adapted to national specificities referring to available statistical data and structure of relevant indices. The preliminary results highlight a macro-regional competitiveness level lower than the national average, due, mainly, to the results obtained by the agricultural and specialization and innovation sectors. The paper represents a follow up of previous researches in the field of territorial competitiveness's evaluation at county and regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on mentoring USAMV and UPB Master Students for managing knowledge and skills in research and work. The target was improving competence by reconstructing knowledge via assembling data into new corpora hence getting the skills assessed by international testing. Implementing mentoring strategies in our study led to: refined idea-generation; complex idea structure design; alternative solutions; better idea management; gap diagnosis. Mentoring on communication competence used intercultural angles because mind-mapping is a cross-cultural skill and a universal idiom worldwide. Quality targeting enabled job flexibility and geographical mobility, while lifelong learning abilities generated well-informed decisions on further careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLIL for entrepreneurship has grown in step with proactive and reactive language policies harmonizing teaching across Europe. In business engineering management, it encourages the academia to approach active learning in global contexts beyond cultural and linguistic barriers. Our study proves that CLIL bridges existing curricular gaps in Romanian tertiary education, providing integrated and dynamic study environments and identifying pre-&in-service best practice development for Romanian professors. CLIL promotes class based inquiry and the Critical Incident Technique to highlight the interconnected dimensions of content (progress in knowledge/skills within defined curricula), communication (using language to learn while learning to use language), cognition (training thinking skills in concept formation) and culture (alternative perspectives, mutual understanding), all being abilities worth cultivating in entrepreneurs. Set up for bringing language learning excellence into main stream government funded education, CLIL has political and educational drivers defined as EU mobility via higher idiom competence by better teaching. Entrepreneurs' CLIL means accessing additional languages and introducing innovative practice into the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Community support agriculture in the pre- and post-accession was represented by the funds allocated to our country in the two pillars of the CAP. Pillar 1 - who was defined by the direct payments to farmers under EAGF and Pillar 2 - made of SAPARD Funds and EAFRD RDP 2007-2013. The following analysis is based on upon the income inequality decomposition methodology that allows, on one side, to assess the degree of concentration of income categories of farms and, on the other side, to assess the effect of the change on the income sources that constitute the total farm income. By taking into account the Gini coefficient and decomposing the income inequality by using a series of criteria such as: the standard value, the main production type obtained etc. we have reached a series of interesting conclusions that may well prove useful to both academia and decision makers. Summarizing the results below, we can see that the support through Pillar II leads to disparities but its influence is very low. Grants awarded by Pillar I are of the utmost importance to the formation of income and therefore they influence more directly the inequalities between farms. Under these circumstances we believe that in order to improve the distribution of income between farms is necessary to increase the subsidies, especially those granted trough complementary national payments that allow the alleviation of general disparities from the prices of the agricultural production between different agricultural sectors and the support of land consolidation in order to achieve a more equitable distribution of the direct payments at the farm levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both in Europe and Romania, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are predominant in both the total number of enterprises and in terms of number of employees. According to European Commission, in Romania, SMEs account for 99.9% of total number of enterprises, provide employment of 67.2% of total employment in the private sector and generate 49.6% of gross value added. Therefore SMEs directly affect employment and economic growth in the area. It is widely recognized that the role of SMEs in the national and regional economy is very important because they contributes in a large proportion to the achievement of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and provide jobs for a large number of people. Therefore the economic recovery largely depends on the improvement of SMEs' performance. In Romanian rural areas, entrepreneurship still encounters a large number of vulnerabilities and there is an important need to create the means for the rural entrepreneurs to have access to finance, professional advices and support and to benefit from a better and modernized infrastructure. In this research, our main purpose was to investigate and analyse the role played by the rural SMEs as an important factor that can generate and increase the development of the Romanian rural areas. On this path, we are going to analyse the premises and challenges of the entrepreneurship in rural areas and the importance of this manifestation for local and national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level at which competitiveness is generated and supported requires an approach at micro and macro economic level. At microeconomic level, competitiveness represents the productivity and efficiency by which inputs are transformed into goods and services; at microeconomic level, competitiveness means the obtained results, materialized into labour employment and income levels, as well as the factors that determine them. Thus one can speak about local, regional and national competitiveness. The study aimed to substantiate a methodology for assessing competitiveness at regional and local level, selecting the South-East Region and Braila County for the case study. This evaluation was made by using a competitiveness index adapted to the local particularities, which included a number of indicators available in the data sources and considered as representative for measuring competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of competitiveness still represents an important debate subject for the academic and economic environment. Differences of opinion regarding its nature, of macro or micro economic, continue to motivate the identification of common elements that can constitute a widely accepted framework. The common point of these approaches seams to be represented by productivity, regardless of the aggregation level. The different ways of expressing productivity, thou, lead to different models for evaluating competitiveness, of which, the best known are applied at national and regional level. For the evaluation of local competitiveness, specific models have been elaborated, at international and European level, based on representative indices for the investigating areas. The present paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness at county level, compared to the upper aggregation level, namely the Tulcea County and South-East development region, based on a model adapted to the local specifics, represented by the available data sources and structure of relevant indices for this level. The initial hypothesis is that the competitiveness at county level is strongly influenced by the dominant economic character and available resources, both of human and knowledge nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implications of accessing the European funds related to NPRD 2007-2013, on the agricultural exploitations performances was emphasized by the assessment conducted at the level of nine case studies (agricultural exploitations from the South-Muntenia Region) of the economic and financial efficiency and of the technical efficiency, in the post-project period, comparative with the year of submission of the funding requests. The conducted analysis emphasized the pressure put on accessing the investment funds on the general activity of the agricultural exploitations, and especially on the financial performances, most of the agricultural exploitations taken as case studies experimenting a decrease of the financial profitability. Also, it was emphasized a decrease of the technical efficiency (of the capacity to transform the inputs in outputs), of the exploitation activities and of the general activity, especially in large exploitations. The key method of analysis, used for these studies, was the method of data envelopment analysis (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA) which was often used in assessing the efficiency of agricultural exploitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security has become a more pressing issue for all the governmentst of the world who are forced to face a growing populations worldwide. But when discussing about the notion of food security one of the main issues addressed is that of food consumption. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the evolution of the main indicators related to food consumption in Romania and to make a brief analysis of this problem. To achieve this we used a number of indicators, such as average annual consumption per capita, average daily food consumption per person, the average annual production per capita for the main agricultural products, the average monthly consumption for the main food products. Following our analysis results led to the conclusion that besides a few exceptions, Roma nia has now and had during the entire period analyzed the production capacity necessary to cover the average annual consumption per capita from it's own average annual production and therefore, to ensure it's own food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper envisages to present a section of the European funds in agriculture dedicated to Romania after 2007 (the EU accession) and its formal integration into the CAP system - with a particular accent on the Measure 121 and its impact at the end of 2014. Based upon raw data provided following an official request, it shows the main indicators of the system. It is also an analysis of the efficiency of EU funds utilization in the system. The paper focuses on the result received from the authorities with responsibilities in the area, thus bringing into the academic debate the first comprehensive data set for the time being that have become available to researcher. Following the analysis done we realise that Measure 121 had a major interest on behalf of the potential beneficiaries, as proven by the value of financing requests submitted in the analysed period that have surpassed 330% of the total allocated value. Another conclusion that surges is the great number of cancelled contracts in the last six months of the analysed period which represent 29,82% of the total of cancelled projects, a high percentage if we take into consideration that we are at the end of the implementation period of financed investments. Basing on this analyze, our study tries to draw some useful conclusion for the next financing period . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to emphasize the evolution of sustainable development during the 2007-2013 period in the North-East region of Romania, as against the strategic objectives established by the Regional Development Strategy. The sustainable development at regional level can be measured by a group of indicators, established by Eurostat and collected by the National Institute of Statistics, which cover the economic, social and environmental specific dimensions. The paper employed a qualitative analysis of strategic objectives and a quantitative analysis of the main strategic result indicators in order to assess the evolution of the North-East region towards sustainable development. The results revealed the inefficiency of strategic measures and the low impact on the sustainable development of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of rural human resources (from agriculture, industry, constructions) represents the most important production factor in order to achieve economic growth (high GDP). In terms of efficiency, it is more important to assess the way in which the combination of human resources between these three branches contributes to GDP formation. To do this assessment for the period 2013-20120, we applied the nonparametric method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). This method enables ranking regions based on a series of inputs (rural population occupied in agriculture, industry and constructions) and outputs (rural gross domestic product). The data regarding the rural human resources are retrieved from the Amigo data base, the rural GDP Eurostat and the analysis was performed by MAXDATA 6.3 Beta program. The results revealed that, by 2020, if maintaining the 2006-2013 trends, the average technical efficiency will decrease by 5.4%, only the Central and the South-West regions will be performing well and the North-East and North-West regions will become more inefficient. Our results reveal that, in the majority of regions, there is a clear need to reduce the population from agriculture, to increase the population from industry and constructions, and to increase de productivity, to ensure real economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studied the rural human resources efficiency at regional level by using the DEA nonparametric method (Data Envelopment Analysis). The application of this cutting edge method enables the calculation of efficiency scores based on a series of inputs (occupied population in agriculture, industry and construction) and outputs (gross value added in agriculture, industry and construction). The data regarding the rural human resources are retrieved from the Amigo data base, the regional GVA from Tempo online data base and the analysis is performed by MAXDATA 6.3 Beta program. The results revealed that the majority of the regions reach performance with the current input structure, with the exception of the North-East and North-West regions which need to reduce the number of workers in agriculture and increase the GVA from industry and constructions to support real economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to forecast the evolution of the main sustainable development indicators for the North-Eastern region of Romania in accordance with their trends from the 2000-2013 and 2007-2013 periods. Our purpose was to compare and complete the result indicators of the Regional Development Strategy of the North-East Region for 2014-2020 and to improve, in this way, the monitoring process in the future. With this objective in mind, we concentrate our quantitative analysis on the main sustainable indicators which can be correlated with the strategic objectives. The results revealed that many indicators are over-dimensioned and that many sustainable indicators are not included in the monitoring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our country, the territory with increased risk from droughts, with a tendency to aridity and desertification even includes large areas of southern Oltenia region; we may consider this to be the most exposed to desertification in Romania. In this context, we analyzed the evolution of agriculture in micro area Caracal (in the towns belonging to that micro-area) in the past decade, drawing out the dependence of production on climatic phenomenon. For conditions in Caracal micro area, the Seleaninov indices were calculated and these were correlated with the economic and financial information for the micro region. Our results have revealed that the maize crop is exposed to losses, and the least exposed is the sunflower. Wheat performed relatively better than maize, as demonstrated by the reduction in the period of maize acreage and a slight increase in areas planted with winter wheat. The main conclusion drawn from research undertaken in Caracal micro region is that agriculture is increasingly volatile to climate change variations from one production year to another, with direct implications on the financial results of farmers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the evolution of specialized COP, horticulture, dairy and mixed Romanian farms. The research of this evolution is a very important step in understanding the elements that can affect the modernization process of our agriculture. For accomplishing the research we utilized the data for 2007-2009 periods from Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which collect information from different types of specialized farms. The main results revealed the following: the net farm income had increased during 2007-2009 only in mixed crop and mixed livestock farms; work productivity was higher in COP farms but increased the most in livestock farms; the productivity ratio was higher in COP farms; the solvability had dropped during 2007-2009 period; even with higher liquidity, mixed crop farms present a reduction of this ratio. In conclusion, the specialized farms present, along with the increase of their rate of specialization a better financial stability and an improvement in work productivity, but only the mixed farms show an improvement in net income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of tourism destination appeared in theory and practice after the development of mass tourism and tourism marketing. They are theoretically "travel market units" or areas that are capable "to exist independently and efficiently in the tourism market according to the principles of marketing and the policy of tourism product". However the main idea of which we start this paper is that the most of tourism destinations are not born naturally, they were created by implementing an efficient development management of attractions, accessibility and amenities at a specific area level. We consider that the stakeholders can intervene in an area with touristic potential to support the development of rural tourism and implement measures that can transform it in a touristic destination. With this purpose in mind we present in this paper a methodology to map the areas with rural tourism development potential by utilising cluster analysis. The case studies are the villages from Gorj County with touristic potential that have a proximity access to high value natural and/or anthropic touristic resources. The main results of our research is that in this county exists five areas where can be implemented tourism destination management plans and through which can be assured a better promotion and valorisation of rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European consumer exigencies, the mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy, the European norms and standards, the ecological productions are as many challenges to which the producers, processors, traders and decision makers in the agro food field, and specifically for our research, in the cereals field, must face in order for the Romanian products to be present on an external market, as well as on an internal market that are increasingly competitive. In this paper we have concluded a brief analysis of the cereals market nationally and on a European level, and of the common support policies in this sector, of the common market organizations, as well as of the implications of the accession over the trade of cereal products. Also, we have made several recommendations within this paper targeting the specific sectorial aspects of the cereals sector: in order to fully profit from the possibilities offered by the Common Agricultural Policy instruments and from the demand and prices growth its necessary that Romanian producers organize and make, together, major investments in cereals conditioning and storage systems; the majority of Romanian producers sell the cereals immediately after harvest, when prices are at their lowest level; storage in good conditions of the harvest could allow a substantial increase of profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional development, by its magnitude, includes several fields, making many institutions are involved in the development and implementation. Structural Funds are the main financial instruments used by the European Union to reduce disparities and promote economic and social cohesion in Europe. For Romania, the regional development policy is a relatively new concept. Using multi-criteria method was attempted an analysis of the level of agricultural development and North-West agricultural sector contribution to economic growth in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement: CLIL grows in step with proactive and reactive language policies harmonizing teaching across Europe. In business engineering management, it encourages the academia to approach active learning in global contexts beyond cultural and linguistic barriers. Bonnet, 2012, states that CLIL generates more intense cognitive processing and calls for modern assistance and multiple learning strategies. Our study proves that CLIL bridges existing curricular gaps in Romanian education, providing integrated and dynamic study environments. Purpose of Study: -- to identify pre-&in-service development programs in CLIL for Romanian professors. CLIL promotes class-based inquiry and the Critical Incident Technique to highlight the interconnected dimensions of content (progress in knowledge/skills within defined curricula), communication (using language to learn while learning to use language), cognition (training thinking skills in concept formation) and culture (alternative perspectives, mutual understanding). Research Methods: Focus group discussions were organized for collecting data on the progress of CLIL implementation in Romanian tertiary education. The respondents identified advantages and flaws in both CLIL and traditional methods. Findings: We used SPSS after prioritizing the statements from focus groups brainstorming. We also used the CLIC Matrix (an internet awareness raising tool for professors, providing indicators in assessing CLIL teaching). Our findings are consistent with the curricula design principles in the European Framework for CLIL Teacher Education. Reading skills benefited the most, leading to better English textbook management. 2/3 of CLIL students score satisfactorily on the IELTS as compared to 1/3 in non-CLIL. Listening comprehension increases in proficiency twice as in traditional programs. CLIL groups surpass non-CLIL counterparts in fluency, vocabulary, grammar, content, high participation in class and intense intellectual engagement with the subject. Students demonstrated consistent technical and business lexis, with increased skills to produce extended discourse. CLIL develops unique traits: creativity, risk-taking in problem solving; voicing opinions; data manipulating competences. CLIL should take at least 25% of the annual teaching program. Conclusions: Launched to bring language learning excellence into main-stream government-funded education, CLIL has political and educational drivers: mobility across the EU via higher idiom competence by better teaching. Nowadays CLIL means accessing additional languages, but also introducing innovative practices into the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]