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Aim: With modern dentistry advancements, children and parents have significantly raised aesthetic expectations in pediatric dentistry. Pediatric zirconia crowns (PZCs) provide a superior aesthetic appearance compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs), making them a popular treatment option. However, a comparison of the compressive stresses caused by these crowns on the roots of primary teeth and alveolar bones has not been conducted. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of an eight-year-old female patient who experienced premature loss of a primary mandibular left second molar were obtained from a dental hospital database. Rhinoceros 4.0 software was used to process and simulate images. Under simulated chewing forces, stress on the PZC, SSC, and intact primary first molars as control groups, as well as their roots and alveolar bone structures, was assessed with finite element analysis. Statistical Analyses: Depending on whether the descriptive data were normally distributed, the Student t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. Quantitative variables differ between the two categories of qualitative variables. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis H tests were used depending on standard distribution assumptions. p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance differences. Results: PZCs, SSCs, and cement layers were stressed according to von Mises values, while roots and alveolar bones were stressed according to maximum and minimum stress values. When assessing crowns, SSCs exhibited the highest von Mises stress values, followed by PZCs and control groups (p < 0.001). In the cement layer, SSCs obtained significantly higher values (p = 0.003). In the root area, minimum principal stress values are more critical. The highest values were obtained from the intact tooth, PZC, and SSC, respectively (p < 0.001). Alveolar bones did not differ significantly in minimum principal stress (p = 0.950). Conclusions: Restorative full-coverage crowns exhibited higher von Mises values than intact teeth, as per current research findings. The von Mises values were highest in SSC, while lowest in PZC. As a result of this condition, the cement layer and root areas had higher von Mises stress and compressive stress. Alveolar bones were not affected regardless of restoration type. PZC transmits higher stress due to its properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perianaesthetic dental trauma is a common anaesthesia-related complication. Theprevious studies have shown a lack of knowledge regarding mouthguard usage and controversial results related to perianaesthetic dental trauma prevention. This study aimed to conduct a finite element analysis of the compressive and tensile stresses on the tooth-periodontal ligament-bone complex using custom-made mouthguards of different thicknesses and glass fibre splints to prevent perianaesthetic dental trauma. Custom-fitted ethylene-vinyl acetate mouthguards of two different thicknesses (2 and 3 mm) and glass fibre splint were modelled. A linear static finite element analysis was performed by applying a rigid Macintosh laryngoscope to the palatal surface of the maxillary central incisors at 150 N. The model without a mouthguard and glass fibre splint showed the highest stress values at the palatinal root surfaces during the impact. Increasing the mouthguard thickness significantly decreased the stress-strain values regardless of the presence of the glass fibre splint. Maximum stresses in the group using the 3 mm mouthguard were the lowest compared with the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Thermoplastic mouthguards have been a reliable means of protection against impacts and shocks for a century. Although orofacial injuries are prevalent among basketball players, many athletes still avoid using mouthguards due to concerns regarding impaired breathing, speech interference, and nausea. This study aims to compare basketball players' subjective assessments of two different thicknesses of custom‐made mouthguards (MGs) with boil‐and‐bite MGs (B&B MG). Material and Methods: A total of 60 systematically healthy male professional basketball players, without active orthodontic treatment, were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 (received B&B MGs; n = 20), Group 2 (received custom‐made MGs with a 3 mm thickness [ethyl vinyl asetat]; n = 20), and Group 3 (received custom‐made MGs with a 5 mm thickness; n = 20). To evaluate MG comfort and usability, 12 key factors, including comfort, fit, stability, tiredness, thirsting, oral dryness, nausea, speaking, breathing, drinking, ease of wear and removal, and inclination to chew, were assessed. The athletes were made to rate these factors using a 10 cm‐long Visual Analog Scale, measured at three‐time intervals, and the values for both inter‐group and intra‐group were compared. Results: Data from 48 basketball players were retrieved, and data analysis revealed that B&B MGs had the least favorable parameter values. Among the B&B MG group, stability was reported to be poorer during the initial measurement (p <.05). In the second measurement, B&B MGs showed significantly lower values for comfort, stability, tiredness, speaking, and inclination to chew (p <.05). During the third measurement, the B&B MG group exhibited significantly reduced values for comfort, breathing, drinking, and speaking (p <.05). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between 3 and 5 mm thickness MGs in these measurements. Conclusions: Custom‐made MGs with different thicknesses consistently outperformed B&B MGs in all measurements, indicating the potential to tailor MG thickness based on sport, age, professional level of athlete, and presence of other protective equipment. While custom‐made mouthguards are considered the gold standard, dentists who provide B&B MGs can lead to cost savings while maintaining protection and encouraging athletes to use higher‐quality custom‐made mouthguards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Hayat Saglik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim was to compare the clinical and radiological results of trochanter-inserted cephalomedullary locked and trochanter- inserted static transverse locked femoral intramedullary nails in patients over 65 years of age. Methods: Demographic data of the patients, injury mechanism, fracture type, reduction technique, radiological and clinical union in the last follow-up, and complications occurred during the follow-up period were investigated. A subgroup analysis was also conducted to assess the impact of cephalomedullary fixation, and the need for open reduction on wound site infection. Results: A significant correlation was found between the proximal locking technique and periimplantic secondary femoral neck fracture (P = .019). The further risk analysis revealed that static transverse locking system increased the risk of periimplantic femoral neck fracture by 4.8 times (odds ratio (OR) = 4.80, 95% CI: 2.20-10.47). Upon analyzing the parameters that affect wound site infections, a significant correlation was found between the reduction technique and wound site infection (P = .030, OR = 6.60, 95% CI: 1.47-29.66). Conclusion: Cephalomedullary proximal locking is significantly more effective than its alternative, static transverse locking, in preventing periimplantic fractures in antegrade femoral intramedullary nailing of geriatric femoral diaphyseal fractures. Therefore, its routine application in the geriatric population is recommended. It is important to note that open reduction is associated with increased rates of wound-site infection, and closed reduction should be preferred whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ongoing climate change is anticipated to shift the geographical distribution range and impact local abundance of tree species by altering their ecological conditions. Given the lower resilience of populations at the species’ range edges, locally adapted range-edge populations are critical to the species’ survival under climate change. In this context, the distribution of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) at the eastern border of its distribution range was assessed under current, past, and foreseeable future climate change scenarios, using species distribution models (SDMs). Current SDMs were developed using World-Clim 1.4 climate data as baseline at 30-second spatial resolution by using Generalized Boosted Regression Models (GBM) and showed moderate model performance. To compare temporal transferability and account for climate uncertainties of two versions of future climate data (CMIP5 and CMIP6), we used 4 Global Circulation Models (GCMs), 2 emission scenarios (moderate RCP45/SSP245 and pessimistic – RCP85/SSP585) for 2 different periods in the future (2040-2060 and 2060-2080). We also made predictions about the past (Mid-Holocene, about 6,000 years ago) using 4 CMIP5 GCMs. Most important variables of SDMs were distance to the sea, isothermality (BIO3), annual precipitation (BIO12), the mean temperature of driest quarter (BIO9), and the precipitation of driest month (BIO14). Our findings showed that the species’ potential distribution range probably used to be much wider in the mid-Holocene, which implies that the holm oak had a broader climatic niche during this period. The future projections indicate that its distribution area in the eastern border might increase particularly in the Black Sea region, while decreasing in the Aegean region resulting in a likely northward range shift in Turkey. However, other variables not included in our models such as land use changes might drive future shifts. Due to its high resistance to dry conditions and resilience, this species might continue to spread in southwestern Turkey in 2050s and 2070s. Finally, our study fills the gap in potential distribution predictions in context of climate change for the eastern boundary of the holm oak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients can often access the internet and social media for health information but it is not clear how much they trust and use the information retrieved. Objective: To investigate the social media and internet use rates and preferences of orthopaedic patients, to reveal to what extent they self‐treat, and to probe the affecting factors. Methods: Two thousand fifty‐eight patients admitted to an orthopaedic polyclinic were asked to fill out a survey (voluntarily) consisting of 15 items, to collect demographic data, preference for platforms and sources used, trusted sources, and the extent to which information obtained was used for self‐care. Results: The most preferred and most trusted sources of information were Google and other search engines, and physicians' personal websites (p < 0.001). Discussion: Variables such as age, gender, educational level and occupation affect the research preferences. Reliance on social media decreases with increasing educational levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Health information and knowledge services should work with health professionals to improve aspects of health literacy among orthopaedic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to scrutinize the risk factors related to bilateral involvement in the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and to inspect the impact of bilaterality on the enduring results of the DDH. All patients, aged between 6 and 18 months, who underwent surgery using the limited posteromedial approach (734 hips from 561 patients), were included in this study. The number of births, birth type, history of consanguineous marriage, family history, and swaddling were analyzed. Physical examination and complaints of the patients were evaluated, and direct radiographs were examined in terms of the redislocation, avascular necrosis, and residual acetabular dysplasia. Among the 561 patients, bilateral DDH was observed in 173 patients (30.8%). The use of swaddling was found to be statistically significant between groups (p = 0.012). The use of swaddling for more than one month was associated with a higher odds ratio for bilaterality (p = 0.001, OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.2–2.0). Furthermore, bilaterality was associated with a higher risk for redislocation in DDH (p = 0.001, OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.6–11.2). The study concludes that swaddling for over a month is strongly linked with the bilateral involvement in DDH. It is important to note that bilaterality plays a crucial role in the development of redislocation after open reduction in DDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in social distancing measures. In this study, we investigated the impact of these measures on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at our hospital's obesity and diabetes clinic, involving patients who were regularly followed up. Data from two time points were retrieved from patient files: visit 1, which occurred within the three months before the lockdown, and visit 2, which occurred within the first two months following the lockdown. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy or breastfeeding, malignancy, start of medications influencing weight and body fat distribution, and noncompliance with regular follow-up appointments after lockdown. Anthropometric measurements and blood tests, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) values, were compared between visits 1 and 2. The values of variables at visits 1 and 2 were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The study included 200 patients, with a mean age of 55.2±10 years, and a mean body mass index of 35.3±6.2 kg/m², with a female predominance (77.5%). Before the lockdown, the patients had a mean body weight of 91.4±16.0 kg, which increased to 93.1±16.3 kg after the lockdown (p<0.001). Blood examinations revealed a significant increase in mean fasting blood glucose levels, from 136±43.1 mg/dL to 148.0±53.6 mg/dL (p=0.003), as well as an increase in mean HbA1C levels from 7.2±1.4 to 7.9±1.7 (p<0.001). Conclusion: During the lockdown period, patients with diabetes experienced weight gain and deterioration in diabetes regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus ilex (Holm oak) presents itself as trees up to 14-15 m tall in suitable growing site conditions and as shrubs in unsuitable areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between tree-ring widths of Q. ilex and vessel features, tree diameters, climate, and site conditions throughout Türkiye. A total of 1020 cores from 510 trees were collected from 102 sampled sites throughout Türkiye. After using standard dendroclimatology methods, all tree-ring analyses were performed on these chronologies. As a result, tree-ring boundaries were found to be less visible in Türkiye, like in other Mediterranean areas. Mean sensitivity ranged from 0.32 to 0.48 in different regions. Temperature during spring and summer months in the Mediterranean region has a negative effect on tree-ring widths in general. Winter temperature generally has a positive effect on tree-ring growth, and an increase in winter temperature may promote tree-ring width. Monthly total precipitation from November to July has a significant positive effect on treering width and it is higher in the Aegean Region. While tree rings are wide in the trees found in lowlands, they are narrow in shrubs and at high elevations. There are clear negative relationships between tree-ring width and elevation, the amount of leaves in the litter, total litter amount, organic carbon, and soil pH. Regarding tree height, tree diameter, and vessel features, they have positive and high correlations with tree-ring width, except vessel frequency, which has a significant negative correlation. As a result of grouping, while the ratio of sites belonging to the dry group is low in regions that have trees with wide tree rings, the ratio of sites of the dry group is very high in İzmir and Datça, which have trees with narrow tree rings. The region with the widest rings is the Marmara Region, followed by the western Black Sea and the northern and southern Aegean, respectively. In conclusion, Q. ilex is a species that survives in both xeric and humid sites. It has adapted to dry conditions by forming narrow tree rings in Datça and continues to be found in tall bush-shrub forms with individuals over 140 years old. Specimens of the same age are in the form of trees with diameters of 50-60 cm and heights of 10-15 m in Ereğli. For these reasons, this species should be taken into consideration in afforestation and given priority in protection in its natural habitats where soil conditions are favorable, at a maximum distance of 23 km from the sea and in near-coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Tıp Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Tip Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)