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Cloud Computing (CC)’s transformative capabilities have earned it a pivotal role in the healthcare sector, known as the “health cloud". The remote data handling of CC raises concerns regarding data security and privacy for medical practitioners. Traditional security solutions, often reliant on binary encryption (0 and 1), fall short in safeguarding sensitive health-cloud data effectively. Moreover, the dynamic and multifaceted healthcare environment presents an enticing target for potential attackers. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces the DNA-based Cryptographic Security Framework (DNA-CSF). The proposed framework incorporates a robust key agreement protocol and encryption algorithm. Key generation leverages the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, while encryption and decryption employ a Feistel cipher with a novel wrapping approach. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, with an encryption time of 9.94 ms, a decryption time of 10.15 ms, a key generation time of 12.77 ms, and CPU utilization of 15.03%. These results surpass the performance of well-known existing techniques, highlighting DNA-CSF’s promise in fortifying health-cloud data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast interconnection of resource-constrained devices and the immense amount of data exchange in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment resulted in the resurgence of various security threats. This resource-constrained environment of IoT makes data security a very challenging task. Recent trends in integrating lightweight cryptographic algorithms have significantly improved data security in the IoT without affecting performance. The PRESENT block cipher, a standard and lightweight benchmark algorithm, is a widely accepted and implemented algorithm with a simple design, low-cost implementation, and optimum performance. However, this simple design utilizing lightweight linear and non-linear functions led to slow confusion and diffusion properties. The static bits in the permutation layer are the leading cause of slow diffusion, showcasing dependencies between plaintext and ciphertext bits. This research addresses and seeks to overcome this shortcoming of slow confusion and diffusion using the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) replication process and shift-aided operations, leading to the DNA-PRESENT block cipher. Security, cost, and performance analyses were performed to verify the improvements. The results demonstrated that with only 33.5% additional cost, DNA-PRESENT increased key sensitivity to 73.57%, plaintext sensitivity to 33%, and consistently ensured an average bit error rate (BER) of 50.2%. An evident increase of 176.47 kb/s in throughput and reduced latency to 17 cycles/block kept the good hardware efficiency of 43.41 kbps/KGE, and the reduction in execution time by 0.2333 s led to better performance. Considering the security advances achieved, this cost increase is a trade-off between security and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to quickly and accurately verify the authenticity of synthetic DNA sequences is critical for cyberbiosecurity efforts. Watermarks and digital signatures are the primary techniques for embedding attribution information into DNA sequences, and often implement error detection and correction to ensure robust communication. Digital signatures provide integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation assurances to facilitate the secure public verification of DNA sequences, and can even make DNA sequences self-documenting. Features such as invisibility and zero-knowledge proofs may allow DNA signatures to be used to combat counterfeit genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Machine learning approaches are being implemented to predict the source of unsigned DNA sequences. In a bioeconomy that relies on synthetic DNA sequences, the ability to ensure their authenticity is critical. DNA watermarks can encode identifying data in short sequences and can be combined with error correction and encryption protocols to ensure that sequences are robust to errors and securely communicated. New digital signature techniques allow for public verification that a sequence has not been modified and can contain sufficient information for synthetic DNA to be self-documenting. In translating these techniques from bacteria to more complex genetically modified organisms (GMOs), special considerations must be made to allow for public verification of these products. We argue that these approaches should be widely implemented to assert authorship, increase the traceability, and detect the unauthorized use of synthetic DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era, technology plays a significant role in our daily lives. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on securing information transmitted across networks. To meet this need, numerous cryptographic systems have been developed to enhance security. The distinguishing factor among these systems lies in their capability to uphold fundamental criteria for information security, including authentication confidentiality and integrity. This paper introduces a method involving the use of DNA and lightweight cryptography[1-2-3]. This method utilizes for the encryption and decryption of data using DNA sequence and the SIMON cryptographic system—a symmetric encryption algorithm specifically designed for simplicity and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, more than ever, the necessity for remote availability, independent of a client's location, is driving the popularity of remote systems. WiFi, Bluetooth, and GPRS are just a few of the wireless technologies that have facilitated the widespread availability of the internet on mobile phones, PDAs, laptops, and other portable electronic devices, and the ease with which users may exchange and sync data between them. MANET, or mobile ad hoc network, is one of the newer ways for nodes to connect because of its decentralized structure and self-configuring nature. Many different protocols control the MANET, and because of its dynamic topology, new problems have emerged in recent years. The black hole attacks put ad hoc networks at risk of data loss. These attacks trick the source into thinking it is sending data through the shortest path possible when, in reality, it is not. It's a cosmic black hole metaphor where everything vanishes. This research aims to investigate the implications of the Blackhole attack on the On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol in a MANET and propose solutions to counteract it. MATLAB is used to test the efficacy of our strategy. In addition, the suggested method is evaluated using standard performance measures like packet delivery ratio, throughput, packet loss, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) provides a vital atmosphere for a wide number of exciting applications in sustainable digital cities and societies, including additive factories, smart transportation, and smart industry. However, in a smart city environment, security measures may not be effective during data transmission. Data manipulation may result from the interchange of data between various devices, and transmission of unprocessed data may be particularly vulnerable to such manipulation attempts. In order to reduce data tampering, it is required to compress and encrypt the raw data and transmit it over the network to protect it from cyberattacks. In this research, the data is compressed by the LZW lossless compression algorithm and subsequently encrypted using DNA cryptography. Initially, the raw data are collected through various IoT devices. The raw data are compressed using LZW lossless compression algorithm. Compression is advantageous since it minimizes the amount of storage and transmission resources required. Through data compression, a smaller amount of bits are required for representing data. After compressing the data, the compressed data are encrypted using a DNA cryptography algorithm. DNA cryptography is used to encrypt compressed data for secure data transmission. After encryption, the encrypted data are secured within the cloud. The simulation assessment displays the suggested approach attains a 90 compression and encryption rate. This illustrates that the suggested approach performs better than current approaches already in use. Based on this proposed method, the transaction is executed securely to provide a secure smart city environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Everything (IoE) based cloud computing is one of the most prominent areas in the digital big data world. This approach allows efficient infrastructure to store and access big real-time data and smart IoE services from the cloud. The IoE-based cloud computing services are located at remote locations without the control of the data owner. The data owners mostly depend on the untrusted Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and do not know the implemented security capabilities. The lack of knowledge about security capabilities and control over data raises several security issues. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) computing is a biological concept that can improve the security of IoE big data. The IoE big data security scheme consists of the Station-to-Station Key Agreement Protocol (StS KAP) and Feistel cipher algorithms. This paper proposed a DNA-based cryptographic scheme and access control model (DNACDS) to solve IoE big data security and access issues. The experimental results illustrated that DNACDS performs better than other DNA-based security schemes. The theoretical security analysis of the DNACDS shows better resistance capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical field, advanced techniques such as e-health, intelligent health, and telemedicine apps are being deployed. These approaches use open-source networks to send digital medical images. Patients' private and sensitive diagnosis is contained in the digital medical image. Then sent the digital medical images are used for diagnosis by the remote center. For this reason, protecting patient privacy and the integrity of medical images is of paramount importance. DNA Digital coding is the most popular form of cryptographic technology, and it is frequently employed to strengthen information security, and the most prevalent constraints of DNA cryptographic schemes feature a high degree of temporal and algor. If DNA is employed appropriately, it can be used to achieve a number of security technologies, including encryption, steganography, signature, and authentication through the use of DNA molecules as information carriers. In this paper, a survey on the digital medical image was done. This survey contains the methods of encryption, and decryption of the image which is based on DNA with all the related methods and makes the comparison between the previous papers and explain which is the best to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: MANET is an emerging technology that has gained traction in a variety of applications due to its ability to analyze large amounts of data in a short period of time. Thus, these systems are facing a variety of security vulnerabilities and malware assaults. Therefore, it is essential to design an effective, proactive and accurate Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to mitigate these attacks present in the network. Most previous IDS faced challenges such as low detection accuracy, decreased efficiency in sensing novel forms of attacks, and a high false alarm rate. OBJECTIVES: To mitigate these concerns, the proposed model designed an efficient intrusion detection and prevention model using COOT optimization and a hybrid LSTM-KNN classifier for MANET to improve network security. METHODS: The proposed intrusion detection and prevention approach consist of four phases such as classifying normal node from attack node, predicting different types of attacks, finding the frequency of attack, and intrusion prevention mechanism. The initial phases are done through COOT optimization to find the optimal trust value for identifying attack nodes from normal nodes. In the second stage, a hybrid LSTM-KNN model is introduced for the detection of different kinds of attacks in the network. The third stage performs to classify the occurrence of attacks. RESULTS: The final stage is intended to limit the number of attack nodes present in the system. The proposed method's effectiveness is validated by some metrics, which achieved 96 per cent accuracy, 98 per cent specificity, and 35 seconds of execution time. CONCLUSION: This experimental analysis reveals that the proposed security approach effectively mitigates the malicious attack in MANET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical field, advanced techniques such as e-health, intelligent health, and telemedicine apps are being deployed. These approaches use open-source networks to send digital medical images. Patients’ private and sensitive diagnosis is contained in the digital medical image. Then sent the digital medical images are used for diagnosis by the remote center. For this reason, protecting patient privacy and the integrity of medical images is of paramount importance. DNA Digital coding is the most popular form of cryptographic technology, and it is frequently employed to strengthen information security, and the most prevalent constraints of DNA cryptographic schemes feature a high degree of temporal and algor. If DNA is employed appropriately, it can be used to achieve a number of security technologies, including encryption, steganography, signature, and authentication through the use of DNA molecules as information carriers. In this paper, a survey on the digital medical image was done. This survey contains the methods of encryption, and decryption of the image which is based on DNA with all the related methods and makes the comparison between the previous papers and explain which is the best to use.

Data encryption is essential in securing exchanged data between connected parties. Encryption is the process of transforming readable text into scrambled, unreadable text using secure keys. Stream ciphers are one type of an encryption algorithm that relies on only one key for decryption and as well as encryption. Many existing encryption algorithms are developed based on either a mathematical foundation or on other biological, social or physical behaviours. One technique is to utilise the behavioural aspects of game theory in a stream cipher. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-coded stream cipher based on an iterated n-player prisoner’s dilemma paradigm. Our main goal is to contribute to adding more layers of randomness to the behaviour of the keystream generation process; these layers are inspired by the behaviour of multiple players playing a prisoner’s dilemma game. We implement parallelism to compensate for the additional processing time that may result from adding these extra layers of randomness. The results show that our enhanced design passes the statistical tests and achieves an encryption throughput of about 1,877 Mbit/s, which makes it a feasible secure stream cipher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current status of DNA cryptography (biological) is much far away from real scenario and can be carried out by only using chemical reactions in biological based laboratory. The present research work is an attempt to imitate biological DNA cryptography by an analogous computational mechanism for providing secure communication between sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. This paper has its focus on the realization of a security framework which comprises of the application of a DNA congruous approach for encryption of data being transmitted by sensor nodes within a WSN. The framework consists of different phases including the encryption and decryption process involved between two nodes in a sensor network. The cryptography procedure is homogeneous to the structure and operations of DNA. Data hybridization includes the fusion of false data with real cipher that enhances the security and data compression has also been included in the framework with the contemplation of overcoming the limitations associated with WSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, most of the things are done online such as online banking, food ordering, car booking, and shopping. It is very difficult to protect the data utilizing the conventional cryptographic and Steganographic approach with the present techniques. DNA cryptography is one of the new areas of information security. DNA cryptography can encrypt the data or information in the form of DNA nucleotides (A, T, G and C). In this DNA Cryptography process, the data may be in the form of Audio, video, Image, or text file. It can create utilization of the huge DNA storage capacity and its biological properties like robustness, vastly constant molecule, efficient of cost and simply obtainable. However, the message encryption algorithm contains various steps to break and to obtain the original message. Therefore, in this paper, presents a Trellis algorithm with DNA sequence and random key generation to provide more security to the data. In this process, key is generated randomly between sender and receiver and the arbitrary selection of DNA sequence is enhanced to numerous numbers. The trellis encoding process can be performed to encrypt the data and trellis decoding process is executed to decrypt the data securely. The experimental results of this proposed system can show that this method can resist different kinds of attack. This presented technique can assist to retrieve original data (audio, video, image, or text file) without any alteration from decryption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of different objects or “things” containing sensors, software, and other technologies used to exchange data between devices and systems over the cloud. Such systems and networks should be provided with a proper cryptographic methodology to block unauthorized data transmission access. This issue is considered an essential challenge of resources that are shared on the data communication network, that is its security. So, in this study, a cryptosystem is proposed to maintain the security level of such systems with a new idea depending on DNA cryptography and DNA mixing. Results In this study, the proposed cryptosystem is based on the RSA algorithm and DNA cryptography concepts with a novel idea for mixing DNA strands obtained from encoding medical image and report to enhance the security level through the IoT networks. This system achieved a proper result in reconstructing images with high quality. The similarity between the original data and the restored one reached 92% through 18 s. Conclusions Such a proposed cryptosystem provided the feasibility of data security in network security, especially for E-health care through IoT system to help medical teamwork in handling medical data between hospitals safely. The result showed that RSA is a fast, efficient algorithm that can be utilized safely in cryptography schemes.

Due to its prominent facility to hide colossal datasets with a high calibre of randomness and subsequent protection, the famous genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) has been presented as a hiding medium, known as DNA steganography. An incipient information-securing technique using the organic DNA structure called DNA Computing was introduced. In this paper, cryptosystem based DNA computation and Morse code cipher is proposed to bulwark the delicate knowledge within the demanding environment. The plaintext is changed over to DNA sequences utilising the encoding table. The encoded information is actually transcribed and translated by the Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) arrangements. Translated RNA is stego by the standard genetic code utilising organic compounds, and the stego DNA is ciphered by Morse code pattern. Avalanche Effect achieves 96.86% bits of average changes occurred in ciphertext. Therefore, the proposed cryptosystem shows strong randomisation and provides complex mapping between plaintext and ciphertext. Also, the designed bio explores analysis and results shows that the security of the transmission is high, and it preserves the biological process.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Cryptography has revolutionized information security by combining rigorous biological and mathematical concepts to encode original information in terms of a DNA sequence. Such schemes are crucially dependent on corresponding DNA-based cryptographic keys. However, owing to the redundancy or observable patterns, some of the keys are rendered weak as they are prone to intrusions. This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm inspired method to strengthen weak keys obtained from Random DNA-based Key Generators instead of completely discarding them. Fitness functions and the application of genetic operators have been chosen and modified to suit DNA cryptography fundamentals in contrast to fitness functions for traditional cryptographic schemes. The crossover and mutation rates are reducing with each new population as more keys are passing fitness tests and need not be strengthened. Moreover, with the increasing size of the initial key population, the key space is getting highly exhaustive and less prone to Brute Force attacks. The paper demonstrates that out of an initial 25 × 25 population of DNA Keys, 14 keys are rendered weak. Complete results and calculations of how each weak key can be strengthened by generating 4 new populations are illustrated. The analysis of the proposed scheme for different initial populations shows that a maximum of 8 new populations has to be generated to strengthen all 500 weak keys of a 500 × 500 initial population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Securing communication over public communication channels is one of the challenging issues in the field of cryptography and information security. A stream cipher is presented as an approach for securing exchanged data between different parties through encryption. The core of stream cipher relies on its keystream generator, that is responsible for generating random and secure keystream of encrypting streaming data. Thus, the security of the keystream is measured by its randomness and its resistance to statistical and cryptanalytic attacks. As there is always a trade-off between the security and performance while designing new cryptographic primitives, we introduce a game theory-based stream cipher that performs fast and utilises the unpredictable behaviour of prisoners' dilemma players to generate random sequences that serve as keystreams. To assure further security, the ciphertext is coded by DNA bases that are randomly scrambled at the beginning of every iteration of generating new keystream. The proposed stream cipher's performance and security are thoroughly examined in terms of randomness, performance, and resistance to cryptanalytic attacks. The experiments show that our stream cipher can encrypt around 1230 Mbit/s. Statistically, our proposed stream cipher passed the NIST statistical tests successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eliminating the risk of bugs and external decryption in cryptographic keys has always been a challenge for researchers. The current research is based on a new design that uses an Omega network-based pseudorandom DNA key generation method to produce cryptographic keys for symmetric key systems. The designed algorithm initially takes two random binary numbers as inputs to the Omega network design, generating an output of 256 symmetric keys. The Omega network uses the concept of the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA and RNA properties), including DNA replication (for DNA) and the transcription process (for RNA). The NIST test suite is applied to test the security properties of the proposed design. According to the study's findings, the suggested design is significantly suited to achieve the NIST test security properties and passes all of the NIST recommended tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to great interest in the secure storage and transmission of color images, the necessity for an efficient and robust RGB image encryption technique has grown. RGB image encryption ensures the confidentiality of color images during storage and transmission. In the literature, a large number of chaotic-based image encryption techniques have been proposed, but there is still a need for a robust, efficient and secure technique against different kinds of attacks. In this paper, a novel RGB image encryption technique is proposed for encrypting individual pixels of RGB images using chaotic systems and 16 rounds of DNA encoding, transpositions and substitutions. First, round keys are generated randomly using a logistic chaotic function. Then, these keys are used across different rounds to alter individual pixels using a nonlinear randomly generated 16 x 16 DNA Playfair matrix. Experimental results show the robustness of the proposed technique against most attacks while reducing the consumed time for encryption and decryption. The quantitative metrics show the ability of the proposed technique to maintain reference evaluation values while resisting statistical and differential attacks. The obtained horizontal, vertical and diagonal correlation is less than 0.01, and the NPCR and UACI are larger than 0.99 and 0.33, respectively. Finally, NIST analysis is presented to evaluate the randomness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing technology got relevance as computing paradigm, which delivers massively scalable computing technologies based on the Internet for the organizations. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) allows users more possibilities to access services conveniently. But data security and privacy issues still act as barriers for adoption to cloud technology when dealing with confidential data. Encryption techniques play a significant role in ensuring data security in the Cloud. Various data encryption techniques have been evolved till the date of which DNA Computing techniques got wider acceptance due to biological complexity and computational properties of DNA. These features can be exploited to solve data security issues in MCC. This paper highlights the security issues in the MCC and proposes biocomputing solution approaches to address data security. A methodology is proposed based on the principle concepts of polymerase chain reaction and primer generation for ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. The security analysis of the proposed cryptosystem is evaluated by theoretical analysis, complexity and probability analysis. Formal analysis of the proposed protocol is done using Scyther and all the modeled claims are validated and positive results are obtained.

DNA Cryptography is one of the speedily growing technologies in the world as unbreakable algorithms, as well as to design and implement more complex and resistant to differential attack crypto algorithms. DNA computing had more speed, minimal required storage, and lower power consumption. DNA cryptography participates well-known cryptographic techniques and the characteristics of DNA. Nowadays, there exist several DNA cryptosystems proposed either as an algorithmic approaches or as an integral part of data secrecy applications. Algorithmic approaches were studied by very few researches that integrate both biological and arithmetic operations to gratify the necessity of system optimality. In addition, DNA cryptosystems provide layered security in applications besides other traditional cryptographic algorithms. This study provides a review of DNA cryptographic techniques and algorithm approaches proposed by recent researchers. This study aims to provide a review of DNA cryptographic techniques, algorithms, and approaches proposed by recent researchers, it aims also used to classify which approaches fulfil most of the evaluation parameters, and which is a lightweight cryptography. Most recent publications on DNA cryptographic approaches were reviewed from 2018 to 2022; using a keyword such as “DNA LWC”, “DNA Encryption” among different scientific databases. The findings of this study showed that most articles on DNA cryptography techniques neither provide complete security analysis nor built on mathematical methods. The researchers mostly demonstrated the proposed system model and tested the approaches using computer simulations. Nonetheless, no DNA computation implantations of the surveyed techniques were carried out. This study will assist researches as a reference for researches in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper proposes the design of a new image encryption scheme based jointly on DNA coding and the chaotic sequence generated by a new 3D chaotic system without linear terms. The mathematical model of the proposed system is built from Sprott B system by introducing a quadratic nonlinearity in each linear term of the system except the constant term. This modification is done with the aim to build a very simple chaotic system without linear terms and with stylish mathematical expression. The system is analyzed in-depth to show its complex dynamics. This contribution also shows the possibility of the sequences of such types of oscillators without linear term to efficiently encrypt images. Thus, based jointly on the special randomness generated by this system with no linear terms and DNA encoding, a robust cryptosystem is proposed. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed image encryption scheme are evaluated by several security tests such as statistical and differential analysis, occlusion, and data loss attack as well as brute force attack. Thus, the technique achieved correlations close to zero, entropy values greater than 7.99, and key space greater than 2100. Besides, differential analysis shows that NPCR and UACI are greater than 99.60% and 33%, respectively. Furthermore, the quantitative analyzes of occlusion and data loss attacks as well as the results of comparison with some benchmark algorithms prove the efficiency and security of the proposed cryptosystem. To the best of author's knowledge, none of the chaotic systems above mentioned without linear terms has been applied in the field of image encryption. Therefore, this contribution promotes the evolution of nonlinear science and its applications in image encryption using DNA coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cryptography allows our data to be transmitted without giving sensitive information away. This is the art of hiding the information from the malicious third party and making the data accessible to only the sender and the receiver. Building a complex cryptosystem has always been a challenge that can provide relentless security and is infeasible to break. This paper discusses a hybrid cryptosystem that is inspired by the concepts of DNA cryptography and it is further strengthened using multiple components. A random key is used which is generated using the run test of randomness, different DNA encoding combinations, and a state-changing random state mealy machine is used for further strengthening the security. This paper provides a detailed discussion regarding every component the authors used to build the system and also discusses about the vulnerabilities that they found in the existing works with also an overview on how they have addressed them. This paper also discusses the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed system to give an overview of its security measures and also provides some comparative analysis with existing works to back the claim on improved security features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the need of a cloud environment with the ability to detect illegal behaviours along with a secured data storage capability has increased largely. This study presents such a secured cloud storage framework comprising of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based encryption key which has been generated to make the framework unbreakable, thus ensuring a better and secured distributed cloud storage environment. Furthermore, this work proposes a novel DNA-based encryption technique inspired by the biological characteristics of DNA and the protein synthesis mechanism. The introduced DNA based model also has an additional advantage of being able to decide on selecting suitable storage servers from an existing pool of storage servers on which the data must be stored. A fuzzy-based technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decisionmaking (MCDM) model has been employed to achieve the above-mentioned goal. This can decide the set of suitable storage servers and also results in a reduction in execution time by keeping up the level of security to an improved grade. This study also investigates and analyzes the strength of the proposed S-Box and encryption technique against some standard criteria and benchmarks, such as avalanche effect, correlation coefficient, information entropy, linear probability, and differential probability etc. After the avalanche effect analysis, the average change in cipher-text has been found to be 51.85%. Moreover, thorough security, sensitivity and functionality analysis show that the proposed scheme guarantees high security with robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]