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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy is a physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm by a current or former partner or spouse on a pregnant woman. It is a global public health problem that is common but underreported. Women are at increased risk of psychiatric illness in pregnancy and after delivery with the risk of major depressive disorder being highest during the postpartum period. Intimate partner violence in pregnancy may worsen this problem. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy, incidence of postpartum depression and the relationship between intimate partner violence, delivery outcomes and postpartum depression among booked pregnant women at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, Nigeria (AEFUTHA). Study design: This study was a prospective cohort study. Setting: The antenatal clinic, antenatal ward, labour ward, postpartum clinic and under five clinic of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, Nigeria were used for the study. Method: One hundred and thirty-seven booked pregnant women that received antenatal care at AEFUTHA who met the inclusion criteria and consented to the study, were recruited from 37 weeks to 41 weeks gestation and screened for intimate partner violence and depression. Those with depression were referred for treatment while those that met the inclusion criteria were followed up to delivery and the delivery outcomes documented. They were also followed up to six weeks postpartum when they were screened for postpartum depression. Data were collated, tabulated and then statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (version 25, Chicago II, USA). Numerical variables including participant's age, parity and gestational age were presented as mean, median, frequencies and standard deviation (Mean ± S.D), while categorical variables including occupation, level of education, social class and family type were presented as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test (X2) and relative risk was used for comparison between groups for categorical variables while Fisher's exact test was used when Chi-square test (X2) was not suitable. Binary regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and postpartum depression. A P value of ˂0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of intimate partner violence was 52.6%, as 72 out of the 137 women recruited endured intimate partner violence. The major risk factors for intimate partner violence in the study were low level of education, low social class, polygamy and unemployment. The general incidence of postpartum depression was 29.93% while the incidence among women with intimate partner violence was 56.94%. Women with emotional violence and verbal abuse had a five-fold increase in the incidence of postpartum depression. Sexual violence and physical violence were not statistically significant risk factors for postpartum depression. Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is common as seen from the study. It is a significant risk factor for postpartum depression. Women that are emotionally and verbal abused are more likely to have postpartum depression. Screening pregnant women for intimate violence may identify those at risk and allow for proper interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of obituaries for medical professionals in Canada. It includes details such as their names, locations, alma maters, areas of specialization, dates of death, and surviving family members. Each obituary also provides a link to a website where readers can find more information about the individual. The obituaries cover a wide range of medical fields and serve to highlight the accomplishments and legacies of these professionals. The document aims to honor their lives and contributions while also serving as a valuable resource for library patrons conducting research on specific medical topics. [Extracted from the article]

Social Security’s eligibility and computational rules are complex already for a single individual. Making financially prudent decisions is seldom easy. But when spouses (including former spouses), children (including disabled adult children), and deceased former spouses are thrown into the mix, people really need to think hard about when and whether to claim benefits—and which ones to claim. Seemingly easy choices can have unexpected ramifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Suicide attempts are a fundamental problem in health care systems and are known for their complex and multifaceted nature. This study aimed to explore the reasons for suicide attempts and to identify associated factors in western Iran. Methods: In Asadabad, western Iran, a cross‐sectional study was carried out between April 2020 and March 2021. A nonrandom sampling method was used to select 110 participants, ages 15–35. Structured questionnaires such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and the Suicide Motivation Scale (IMSA) were used to gather the data. Multiple linear regression, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and independent t tests were all used in the data analysis. Results: The majority of participants (59.1%) were female, with a mean age of 25.78 years. The most common reason for suicide attempts (43.6%) was family issues, and the most popular means (66.4%) were pills and medication. Eighty‐nine percent of participants had symptoms of depression. The mean scores were calculated for motivation for suicide attempts (32.46 ± 16.11), depression (34.60 ± 20.50), and anxiety (34.14 ± 15.69). The analysis showed that the motivation for suicide attempts and anxiety was greater in single persons than in married and divorced persons (p < 0.05). Motivation for suicide attempts was also greater in low‐ to middle‐income individuals with a history of divorce (p < 0.05). The multiple regression model showed that anxiety, sex, education, and medical history significantly influenced the motivation for suicide attempts (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that a wide range of social, economic, and cultural factors and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, are involved in suicide attempts. This study aimed to design interventions and strategies to prioritize mental health, improve life skills to control stressful events, and focus on high‐risk groups (women, married people, people with low education levels, and those with a history of physical and mental illnesses) for suicide prevention in health promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccination, uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains low worldwide. We aimed to analyze the coverage of HPV immunization during the first year of the immunization program and the sociodemographic characteristics across different administrative units in Serbia and Montenegro. Coverage of HPV vaccination in Serbia for females aged 9–14 and 15–19 years was 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. The coverage rate of immunization against HPV in Montenegro for girls aged 9–14 years was 22.1%. Within Serbia, only one administrative region (Moravica) had HPV immunization coverage in girls 9–19 years old above 10%, 11 districts had coverage from 5 to 10%, while 13 districts had coverage below 5%. As per Montenegro, two administrative units, Cetinje and Berane, reported the highest coverage, with 39% and 36.4% of vaccinated eligible girls, respectively. When we explored the coverage of HPV immunization among girls aged 9–19 years across different regions in Serbia, we observed that the level of coverage did not correlate with the number of pediatricians or with the population density. In Montenegro, we observed a similar situation. On the other hand, we noticed a statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r = −0.446; p = 0.026) between HPV immunization coverage and the percentage of illiterate women in the administrative units. Comparing the coverage between the two countries we found that the higher coverage in Montenegro corresponded with a smaller number of female populations aged 9–14 years, with higher average net monthly income, with smaller population density and smaller number of pediatricians, among divorced persons, and among those without formal education or incompletely primary education. Taking into account the experiences in Montenegro, increasing immunization coverage in Serbia could be achieved through a more vigorous educational campaign targeting schools, the general population, and healthcare workers as well as by additionally incentivizing those engaged in these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the desire for remarriage based on self-differentiation and ego strength mediated by irrational beliefs in divorced youth. Methods and Materials: The research method was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and correlational in type. The population included all divorced youth in District 6 of Tehran during the years 2022-2023. In this study, 400 individuals were selected through convenience sampling using the Kramers method (2006). For data collection, the Desire for Marriage Questionnaire: Pouretemad et al. (2004), the Differentiation of Self Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), the Ego Strength Scale (ESS), and the Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire by Jones (1986) were used. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis). Findings: The results indicated that based on self-differentiation, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Similarly, based on ego strength, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Additionally, based on irrational beliefs, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that excessive immutability and helplessness in the face of life's challenges among divorced youth can turn into a set of irrational beliefs, consequently reducing their inclination towards remarriage. Such that irrational beliefs about helplessness against change lead to a fear of marriage, preventing the individual from accepting the responsibility of such a commitment, thus impacting the desire for marriage in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The housing situation changes with the household formation cycle. Age, marital status and having children are key to explaining the tenure status of households. However, the question of what factors differentiate owners and tenants if they are at the same stage of household formation arises. Using the logit model method, the determinants of tenure status of Polish households in the same life cycle stages were compared. The study used EU-SILC data for 2018. It showed that both the determinants of housing choices and the strength of their impact differ. At the household formation stage, income and the size of the city are important determinants. At this stage, housing choice is limited due to the availability of the rental market and the need for young people, who migrate to larger cities, to become independent. At the stabilization stage, the source of inequality was the gender of the household head, education, health and marital status. It has been observed that entering into an informal relationship by divorced persons does not equalize their chances of homeownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical intimate partner violence among older women, identify factors associated with victimization, and gather information on the intergenerational transmission of violence. Materials and Method: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Karabuk Province and included 399 ever-married women aged 65 years and older. The dependent variable was exposure to physical violence by a current or former spouse. Independent variables included women's sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics, their experience of violence in childhood, and some characteristics of their husbands and parents. The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated to explore the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using robust Poisson regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of physical intimate partner violence was 62.9% for the lifetime and 7.6% for the past year. Lifetime prevalence increased 1.2-fold with low household income, 1.4-fold with seven or more pregnancies, 1.3-fold with daily or weekly alcohol consumption by the husband, 1.3-fold with witnessing father-to-mother violence in childhood, and 1.5-fold with experiencing physical violence by parents in childhood. Women were more likely to use violence against their children if they had experienced violence in childhood and adulthood. Conclusion: This study's finding of high lifetime and past-year prevalence of exposure to intimate partner violence highlights the need for more efforts to address intimate partner violence among older women. More research is needed to better understand older women's experiences of intimate partner violence and identify health and social policy approaches to meet their support and assistance needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether there is housing disparity between homeowners and renters. Using data from Chinese Urban Household Survey, we find that homeowners on average have much higher housing quality than renters after controlling for household characteristics, regional factors, location and time fixed effects, and such disparity increases significantly over time. We also find that the disparity is mainly concentrated on the people who are disabled, divorced and the people with low education or rural hukou. Furthermore, we investigate possible factors contributing to this increasing disparity. Our results suggest that the disparity is largely driven by increasingly home improvement for owner-occupied houses but not rental houses. In addition, we also find that the 1994-1998 housing reform has contributed to inequality in homeownership between state employees and other groups, especially the disadvantaged groups such as people with rural hukou who are completely excluded from the reform. With housing prices soaring in the past two decades, people who benefited from the housing reform in the 1990s have enjoyed enormous housing appreciation. However, the disadvantaged people who were excluded from the housing reform now live in the bad housing conditions. Given the evidence that housing quality is key to both mental and physical health, our findings have important policy implications for Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Work and family trajectories develop and interact over the life course in complex ways. Previous studies drew a fragmented picture of these trajectories and had limited scope. We provide the most comprehensive study of early-to-midlife work-family trajectories to date. Methods: Using retrospective data from waves 3 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we reconstructed work-family trajectories from age 15 to 49 among almost 80,000 individuals born between 1908 and 1967 across 28 countries. We appliedmultichannel sequence and cluster analysis to identify typical trajectories and multinomial logistic regression models to uncover their social composition. Results: The results revealed six common trajectories. The dominant and therefore standard trajectory represents continuous full-time employment with having a partner and children. Women, the lower educated and persons from conservative and liberal welfare regimes are underrepresented in this trajectory, whereasmen, higher educated people and those fromsocial-democratic, Eastern European and Baltic welfare regimes are overrepresented. The other trajectories denote a deviation from the standard one, integrating a non-standard form of work with standard family formation or vice versa. Mothers in a stable relationship generally work part-time or not at all. When mostly in full-time employment, women are more likely to be divorced. Lower educated persons are less likely to have work-family trajectories characterized by full-time work and a non-standard family, yetmore likely to be non-employed for large parts of their life with standard family formation. Younger cohorts are underrepresented in non-employment trajectories, but overrepresented in part-time employment trajectories along with a partner and children as well as full-time employment trajectories with divorce. Individuals from Southern European and liberal regimes are more likely to be non-working and self-employed partnered parents and those from social-democratic regimes are more likely to be full-time employed divorced parents. We also found pronounced gender differences in how educational level, birth cohort and welfare regime are associated with work-family trajectories from early to midlife. Discussion: Our findings highlight the socially stratified nature of earlier-life work-family trajectories in Europe. Potential implications for inequalities in later life are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:Introduction: Previous research findings painted a mixed picture regarding conflictual divorce. A lack of empirical clarity hinders professionals from intervening with this population effectively. Methods: Based on two-wave interview data with 21 divorcing individuals from Lithuania, we explored an array of conflicts that could be related to enduring divorce lasting from 6 months up to 4 years. Results: The results show conflictual divorce as a multifaceted, evolving phenomenon intertwined between many disputes on five interconnected levels. The most prominent ones are with a former spouse and related to self-concept changes. Over time, these conflicts partially transform into disagreements with involved institutions and the country's legal system. In the end, divorcees become involved in enduring uncertainty and embracing inner resources to continue their journey. Conclusion: Positioning enduring divorce within multiple conflict levels identifies several points associated professionals can use in their work with divorcees and the fundamental need for collaboration among stakeholders for effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the behavioural pattern of psychological distress (PD) in the population of 18 to 65 years old people in Mashhad, Iran, using latent class regression and evaluate the related factors. PD is a unique emotional state with suffering in response to a stressor or specific need that leads to temporary or permanent impacts. Due to its negative effects on several features of life like the quality of life, health, performance and productivity of individuals, PD and its consequences are considered a public health priority. Methods: A crosssectional study was performed on 425,286 individuals aged 18 to 65, who were referred to health centres in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in the first half of 2018. The information required for this study, including a checklist of demographic information and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), was obtained from the Sina System. Results: Latent class regression identified three latent patterns of PD in answering the questions of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (14%), low PD distress (40%) and no PD (46%). Statistical variables of this study due to the results are considered as the following: women, illiterate people, unemployed and divorced people, individuals aged between 50 and 59 years and people with low weight were more likely to be in the severe PD class than in the no PD class. Conclusion: Although a small percentage of people were classified as severely disturbed, the findings showed a high rate of symptoms of distress and sadness even in the no PD class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is defined as the realization of death after the act of one's own will. The situation where the action does not result in death is expressed as a suicide attempt. Suicide can be considered as a complex phenomenon with many dimensions, so it is not possible to analyze or understand suicides that occur for only one reason. All changes and transformations in the social structure affect the phenomenon of suicide and cause differentiation in its speed. The aim of this research is to describe the dimensions of suicide in Turkey by explaining suicide as a sociological phenomenon. For this purpose, sociological theories of suicide are evaluated and suicides in Turkey are discussed and examined by years, taking into account age, gender, educational status, marital status, reason for suicide, region and provinces in each region. Research is a secondary data analysis study, which is one of the methods of obtaining quantitative data. In the study, suicide statistics obtained from the data on death and cause of death in the Population and Demographics Database of TUIK were used. From data on suicides published up to 2021, eleven years of data between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed to assess the change over time. According to the results of the research, Suicide increases in young adulthood and adulthood, It is seen more in men than in women, there is no difference when this situation is evaluated in terms of year or region. Suicide is more common in married people than in single, divorced and widowed people. Suicide rate is more common in socially and economically developed regions and cities. The prevalence and situation of suicides in the society should be investigated by taking into account their social and demographic characteristics, covering wider time periods and including variables such as economic status, occupation and residence conditions. It is important and necessary to reach data on the causes of suicides, to understand the phenomenon of suicide, to evaluate its sociological dimension, and to do what can be done to solve the problem. Investigating the social determinants that cause suicide will facilitate intervention in the structure in which suicide is produced and prevent suicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce interventions have been found to be effective in reducing negative outcomes for newly divorced people, including depression and hostility. Typically, divorce interventions cover a variety of issues that may influence people's level of depression and hostility. However, it is unclear whether the interventions differentially affect the outcomes. That is, it may be that intervention participation leads to a reduction in depression, which is associated with a prospective reduction in hostility—or vice versa. The current study used a sample of 1,856 recently divorced Danes, who completed questionnaires at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-divorce. Structural equation modeling revealed that while depression and hostility were concurrently associated, there were no prospective associations, except for baseline depression predicting 3-month hostility. Moreover, the associations did not differ by gender. The results suggest that the intervention content may have influenced both depression and hostility. These findings may be useful in guiding future divorce intervention developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether romantic relationship trajectories in later life are associated with estate planning (i.e., having a will or trust), and how these associations differ by gender among older U.S. adults. We considered 11 relationship trajectory categories which reflect stability and change in one's partnership status (i.e., never married, cohabiting, married, divorced/separated, or widowed) over a six-year observation period. Analyses were based on longitudinal data from the 2010–2016 Health and Retirement Study (N = 14,032). Multivariable logistic regression models predicting estate planning were adjusted for wealth, health, and sociodemographic characteristics. In fully adjusted models, married persons at baseline who became widowed during the study period had significantly higher odds of estate planning relative to continuously married persons, whereas never married and continuously divorced persons had significantly lower odds. Moderation analyses revealed that the effects of becoming widowed and of being divorced were significantly larger for women than men. Never married men and women were about half as likely as their continuously married counterparts to do estate planning. Financial literacy and legal assistance programs should target older adults whose relationship trajectories diverge from the historical norm of one long-term marriage or widowhood following a long-term marriage. Divorce, cohabitation, and lifelong singlehood are increasingly common relationship statuses among older adults, yet these statuses may undermine access to or use of legal instruments that can be critical to the financial stability of their families in the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widely accepted view in Islamic law regarding divorce is that it can be carried out through a unilateral declaration of intent by the husband. There is a right to three divorces, the first two of which are revocable. The use by the husband of clear words of divorce or the use of indirect or allusive words with the intention of divorce result in divorce. According to most, it is possible for the man to do a triple divorce at once by mentioning the number or by way of repetition of the pronouncement of divorce. Tying divorce to a condition or a time has been accepted as valid among jurists. Divorce of the intoxicated person is valid according to most jurists and some also see valid the divorce of the mukrah, madhush, haazil, and mukhti. The husband does not have to have witnesses for the divorce, the reversal of the divorce, nor does he have to register it with a court or share these decisions with his wife. The rule is for divorce procedures to be handled within the family while going to the court is the exception. However, in Islamic family laws, considering today’s circumstances, possibilities, and needs, stipulate the registration of the divorce with a court or going to the court to seek divorce. There are also some who require two witnesses for divorce or for the reversal of a divorce alongside registration. In the new regulations multiple divorces by mentioning numbers or by repetition have been regarded as a single divorce, the divorce of the intoxicated, mukrah, madhush, haazil, and mukhti has been regarded as invalid. In these regulations it has usually been preferred for declaration of divorce tied to a condition or a time to not result in a divorce. The main purpose of these changes is thought to be the interests of the family and legal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, new-type drugs have been replacing traditional-type drugs in China. However, studies of implicit attitudes towards new-type drugs are insufficient and contradictory results exist. Previous studies have suggested that implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies are a dual structure model, but that is for traditional or mixed drug addicts. For new drug addicts, is the dual structure model completely suitable or partially supported? This study attempts to explore this point. At a drug rehabilitation center, we randomly selected 50 abstainers (25 males and 25 females; age range: 21–41 years) who only took new-type drugs prior to abstention to participate in this study. Participants complete the General Situation Questionnaire, the Drug Use Characteristics Questionnaire, the Drug Relapse Risk Scale (DRRS), and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). The relationship between implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies of new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs was investigated. The results showed: (1) abstainers had negative attitudes towards new-type drugs, and the data had statistical correlation with abstainers' drug use characteristics and each relapse risk index; (2) females held relatively positive implicit attitudes towards new-type drugs; (3) being female and divorced could significantly predict abstainers' implicit attitudes; (4) there is no significant correlation between implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies of new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs, which partially supports the dual structure model; (5) fender influences the self-assessment of relapse probability. Compared with traditional or mixed drug addicts, the dual structure model is only partially supported for new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs. That is because being female and divorced are the main factors influencing implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies. A few women or divorced people regard consuming new drugs as the source of happiness and forget the harm brought by the drugs themselves in their implicit attitude, which leads to more drug abuse in their explicit behavior. Therefore, we should pay more attention to women who have become new-type drug addicts and pay special attention to the impact of divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the causes of dissatisfaction between couples is sexual dysfunction that sometimes leads to divorce. The present systematic study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting sexual dysfunction and divorce in Iran. Method: A comprehensive search, including keywords of sexual dysfunction, emotional divorce, breakaway, separation, conflict, and Iran, was conducted on the databases of Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Magiran, IranMedex, and SID. Out of the total number of reviewed articles, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. No time limit was considered for our research and all published articles up to November 2021 were reviewed. Results: Based on the results of the present study, in all of the reviewed articles, sexual problems and dissatisfaction were among the effective factors in the occurrence or request of a formal divorce or an emotional divorce. The data also demonstrated that weakness in arousal and sexual desire, weakness in sexual function, sexual disorders, orgasm problems, and pain were among the problems of people on the verge of divorce. Conclusion: Due to the importance of this issue, recognizing the effective and influential factors of divorce is one of the priorities of mental health. Dissatisfaction with sexual relations in both or one of the spouses is found to be one of the most important factors involved in divorce. If there are problems such as sexual dysfunction between the couples, they may still live together due to cultural and social conditions; however, they may experience emotional divorce. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective counseling and treatment programs in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study analyzes the victimization trajectories of partner violence against women surrounding divorce, depending on whether the couple has children together. Background: Prior studies have found that partner violence is associated with an increased risk of divorce. No study has assessed the victimization trajectories surrounding divorce for women with and without children, although women with children may remain at higher risk of violence following divorce. Method: Using Finnish record‐linkage data of 22,468 divorced and 333,542 continuously married women and their husbands, we used repeated‐measures logistic regression analyses to assess changes in victimization for partner violence before and after divorce. The outcomes considered were police‐reported crimes committed by husbands against their wives and hospital‐treated assault injuries recorded for wives. Results: The risk of crime victimization for partner assault was already elevated from 2 to 3 years before divorce, peaked in the year prior to divorce, and then mainly leveled off 1–2 years after divorce. Hospital data show that the time of the greatest risk was from 6 to 12 months before divorce, when divorce is usually filed for. Women with younger children experienced elevated risks of physical violence shortly before divorce and remained at higher risk of menace than women without children for a year after divorce. Conclusion: Divorcing women committed assaults against their husbands, but these were mostly accompanied by victimization, suggesting that resistant violence was common for women as perpetrators. Women with a history of victimization need support, especially at the starts of their divorce processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeing the World: Now and Then, Without and Within Barbara Stimmel contributes a thoughtful essay on two novels written by psychoanalysts: I The Distance from Home i , by Dan Jacobs, and I Memory's Eyes: A New York Oedipus Novel i , by Cordelia Schmidt-Hellerau. We begin with two book essays, each on two psychoanalyst-authors' ventures into creative territory: a novel for young adults, a memoir, and two novels for adult readers. Stimmel invites us to consider what is distinct about novels written by psychoanalysts: Is it simply that Jacobs and Schmidt-Hellerau happen to be psychoanalysts, exploring psychoanalytic themes through fiction?. [Extracted from the article]

Startups use stock options to compensate their employees. An employee's divorce could result in a change in the formal ownership of the startup securities. However, the startup, the employee, and the former spouse of the employee all have considerable and conflicting interests in the outcome of the allocation of the employee's securities as part of a divorce settlement. I argue that the startup, along with the relevant tax rules, imposes obstacles on the transferability of the securities to the employee's former spouse that are likely to distort the settlement outcome. An inefficient outcome is likely because the person who may assign a higher value to owning the securities is both barred from owning them and prevented from receiving equivalent value in exchange. While amending the IRC would allow for more outcomes and could enable the parties to reach a more efficient result, corporate law's attempt to protect the shareholders' rights and scrutinize contractual arrangements such as voting agreements and appraisal waivers could have an ex-ante unintended consequence. Specifically, since the startup is likely to continue, it may deprive the former spouse of any equity rights following the divorce and attempt to prevent possible complications to future corporate transactions once the tax pretext is lifted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early marriage is one of the problems faced by the Indonesian people, because it has a negative impact on the increase in the divorce rate for young couples. Furthermore, divorce will suffer children, because they do not get the attention and love of their parents, so they become neglected children. One of the causes of early marriage is the lack of information about the bad effects of early marriage. On this basis, this research is a development of previous research (Dariyo, Rahaditya & Hadiati, 2020) with the aim of providing information about the dangers of early marriage, which is realized with the song "Do not marry young". The research method uses the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation & Evaluation). The results of the research that the birth of the song “ Jangan Kawin Muda” was carried out through the ADDIE process. The poems and songs Jangan Kawin Muda have been validated by a music psychologist and 74 teenagers. The song "Jangan Kawin Muda" has fulfilled the rhythm, melody, style, instrument and beat that can be felt positively by teenagers, so that they can understand, memorize and sing the song well. In the end, they are motivated to delay early marriage. On the other hand, the video display still needs improvement with the thematic video clip display of the song [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ilahiyat Researches / Ilahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the divorce trends in the United States and China since 1980 and examines the consistency and disparity of alternative measures of divorce rate. While divorce rate is a special sociodemographic indicator, with different measures often yielding inconsistent or even contradictory results, this study contributes to the literature with a comparative analysis using data from the United States and China over 40 years. Results suggest that, as compared to the refined divorce rate (number of divorces per 1,000 married population) that counts only people with a possibility to divorce, the widely used crude divorce rate (number of divorces per 1,000 population) overestimated the increase in China's divorce rate from 1980 to 2019 by 60.76% and the decrease in U.S. divorce rate over the same period by 15.13%. Also, although in 1980 the U.S. divorce rates were much higher than the corresponding Chinese rates, divorce rates in these two nations, with very different socioeconomic systems and stages of economic development, are progressively getting closer in recent years. However, whether and when China's divorce rate may start to decrease, following an inverted U-shaped pattern over time observed in the United States and some other nations, remains a question for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The goal of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of an extended inventory that assesses the multiple facets of divorce initiation drawn from the existing research, the Revised Divorce Initiation Inventory (DII‐R). Background: Previous research indicates the role of each partner in the initiation of divorce has relevant implications for emotional and psychological well‐being after the divorce. Much of this research was conducted with a single‐item, categorical assessment of initiator status (e.g., who initiated the divorce?). However, recent studies highlight the complexity of divorce initiation as a multidimensional concept. Method: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample of 408 divorced individuals. Analyses to explore measurement invariance between men and women and construct validity were also conducted. Results: Findings indicated a four‐factor model (i.e., Legal, Separation, Desire, Responsibility) of 12 items was a good fit to the data. Factor loadings and intercepts were equal across groups. Conclusion: Divorce initiation is a multifaceted construct that includes dimensions related to separation, legal, desire, and responsibility that should not be measured with a single‐item assessment. Implications: The DII‐R supports the comprehensive synthesis of ongoing divorce initiation research that may be used to inform clinical practice to intervene in specific areas shown to affect the decision to divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ironically, feminist divorce reformers' activism took place at the same time that more middle-class married women were entering the workforce and fewer divorcing women could claim to have been full-time homemakers. As political opposition to the feminist movement grew, Kahn shows how feminist divorce reformers increasingly focused on gaining access to their ex-husband's private, employer-funded pensions. I Divorce, American Style i challenges the Twitterfueled misconception that white women are incapable of grassroots organizing by detailing how effectively these activists, whom Kahn terms "feminist divorce reformers", mobilized for their personal welfare. A national transformation in divorce law that made divorce cheaper, easier, and less stigmatizing, catalyzed the feminist divorce reform movement Kahn traces. [Extracted from the article]

The editors of this excellent volume can't have believed their luck when, a few months after the workshop at which these papers were presented, the government issued a consultation paper on reform of the legal requirements for divorce (Ministry of Justice [1]). Fifty years of the Divorce Reform Act 1969: edited by J Miles, D Monk and R Probert, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2022, 295 & xiii pp., £85 (currently £76.50), ISBN 978-1-50994-788-1 In Part Three, Rebecca Probert does for the novel what Brown's chapter does for film, exploring how novelists depicted the legal process of divorce, post-Divorce Reform Act. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Chinese labor force; to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status among the Chinese labor force, including both the structural determinants and the intermediary determinants of health inequities; and to identify vulnerable populations who would benefit from intervention measures. Methods: Data were from the China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) 2016. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The World Health Organization's theoretical framework of the social determinants of health was adopted to analyze the relationship between social determinants and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the participants in the research from the Chinese labor force, 17.34% were identified as having depressive symptoms. Depression was significantly related to socioeconomic factors such as hukou status (p < 0.05 in the age < 45 model), education (p < 0.01 in all five models), employment (p < 0.05 in the male model), income (p < 0.05 in all five models), and self-assessed social class position (p < 0.01 in all five models). Intermediary factors were also related to depressive symptoms, such as gender (p < 0.001 in the overall model), age (p < 0.05 in the overall model), marriage (p < 0.05 in the female model), occupational exposure (p < 0.01 in the overall model), exercise (p < 0.05 in all five models), and health insurance (p < 0.05 in the overall model). The results showed that low socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of depression and there were some gradient changes in the distribution of depressive symptoms in socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The findings showed that depression symptoms are significantly related to structural determinants and intermediary determinants in China's labor force. There are some gradient changes in the distribution of depressive symptoms among people of different socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk of depression. Women, older people, and single and divorced people are the relative vulnerable groups in China's labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a two-step approach to embryo disputes between heterosexual, divorced couples in the U.S. Topics discussed include the process of in vitro fertilization and associated risks, an analysis of embryo disputes in the context of a property framework wherein the embryos are considered a marital property, and ways for courts to make a fair split in embryo disputes.

The present paper examines patterns in the timing of widows' remarriage in the 18th-century Transylvanian capital city of Hermannstadt/Sibiu, based on a sample of 405 marriages contracted by Lutheran widows in this area between roughly 1755 and 1794. It regards this time frame as being able to reveal how factors encouraging or, alternately, discouraging remarriage after widowhood worked in practice. The study offers a descriptive analysis of the sample, focusing on the main known characteristics of the individuals involved, including the former and new spouse's social status (as measured by HISCLASS), the former spouse's age, the new spouse's migration status, and their marital status prior to contracting the marriage to a widow. Additionally, it provides a deeper understanding of potential delays in remarriage by creating a sub-sample of 131 marriage events linked to the probate inventories compiled after the first spouse's death, which offer a glimpse of the economic and familial situations in which widows found themselves at the time of experiencing this transition in marital status. A third section looks at how these factors worked together to influence widows' remarriage timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]