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The co-combustion characteristics and synergy of distillery effluent sludge (DES) and sugar mill waste (SMW) were studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. TG data were used to evaluate the combustion indices, synergy, kinetic parameters, and heterogeneous reaction mechanisms. The blend D1S3 (25% DES and 75% SMW) exhibited optimal combustion parameters (Ci = 2.69 × 10−4% min−3, Cb = 1.34 × 10−6% min−4, and CCI = 13.02 × 10−7%2 °C−3 min−2). Mixing DES with SMW resulted in a positive synergy that facilitated effective combustion owing to the presence of Fe, Ca, and Mg in DES, which served as catalysts during combustion. For D1S3, the apparent activation energy (*Ea) calculated using FWO, KAS, and ST iso-conversional methods were 173.3, 172.4, and 172.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. The master plots revealed that the combustion process was governed by the D1, D3, F2, and F3 solid-state kinetic models in different conversion (α) ranges for the wastes and their blends. Finally, the presence of alkaline and alkaline-earth elements (Na, K, Mg, and Ca) was confirmed through ash characterization. Thus, the ash can be considered a possible supplementary cementing material for end-use applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of aerobic biodegradation of distillery wastewater using various microbial cultures is intricately linked to process conditions. The study aimed to examine the aerobic biodegradation by a Bacillus bacteria under controlled dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) conditions as a novel approach in the treatment of sugar beet distillery stillage. The processes were conducted in a 2-L Biostat®B stirred-tank reactor (STR), at a temperature of 36°C, with aeration of 1.0 L/(L·min), and uncontrolled pH of the medium (an initial pH of 8.0). Each experiment was performed at a different DOT setpoint: 75%, 65% and 55% saturation, controlled through stirrer rotational speed adjustments. The study showed that the DOT setpoint did not influence the process efficiency, determined by the pollutant load removal expressed as COD, BOD5 and TOC. In all three experiments, the obtained reduction values of these parameters were comparable, falling within the narrow ranges of 78.6–78.7%, 97.3–98.0% and 75.0–76.4%, respectively. However, the DOT setpoint did influence the rate of process biodegradation. The removal rate of the pollutant load expressed as COD, was the lowest when DOT was set at 55% (0.48 g O2/(L•h)), and the highest when DOT was set at 65% (0.55 g O2/(L•h)). For biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus), a beneficial effect was observed at a low setpoint of controlled DOT during biodegradation. The maximum extent of removal of both total nitrogen (54%) and total phosphorus (67.8%) was achieved at the lowest DOT setpoint (55%). The findings suggest that conducting the batch aerobic process biodegradation of sugar beet stillage at a relatively low DOT setpoint in the medium might achieve high efficiency pollutant load removal and potentially lead to a reduction in the process cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn and sugarcane are the primary feedstocks for ethanol production, but microbial contamination hinders yeast fermentation efficiency. Current control methods include antibiotics and sulfuric acid, but they have limitations, resulting in dependence on external inputs and the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review examines electron beam technology as an industrial-scale disinfection solution for both corn- and sugarcane-based ethanol production, highlighting its advantages, limitations and opportunities for adoption in Brazil. A critical evaluation highlights the importance of optimal operating conditions for scalability, cost effectiveness and sustainable implementation. Through a practical example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of electron beam treatment in improving fermentation efficiency and reducing contamination-related losses. Notably, the ionizing radiation from this process does not affect wort sugar content or generate radioactive residues. While acknowledging the potentially high energy input requirements, cogeneration in sugarcane mills can address this, making it a viable option; however, further technical and economic evaluation should be made. In addition, electron beam technology is a promising approach for the production of high-value products such as neutral alcohol, amino acids, animal feed and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights for researchers, industry stakeholders and policymakers to promote sustainable and efficient ethanol production practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocoagulation with ozone and photo is a hybrid electrochemical and AOP techniques used to treat wastewater and industrial effluent. In the present study, the effects of combining O3, UV, and EC processes on color removal as well as the related COD removal and EEC from the treatment of DIW were assessed. The results showed that, compared to other hybrid processes like O3/EC, UV/EC, UV/O3, and single processes of EC, O3, and UV, the combined process of O3/UV/EC is significantly more effective for treating DIW in terms of COD removal (98.99%) and complete color removal with a required EEC of 9.7 kWhr m-3. Number of process variables, including reaction time (1 to 5 hr), O3 (0.8 to 4 g L-1), UV (8 to 32 W), current density (0.08 to 0.23 A dm-2), pH (1 to 11), COD (1000 to 6000 mg L-1), inter-electrode distance (0.75 to 3.75 cm), and combination of electrodes were studied to analyze how they affected. The optimum operating circumstances underwent testing and shown outstanding effectiveness in eliminating the COD and determination of EEC from DIW. Overall, it was clear from the results that combined treatment approaches could be more effective in removing the pollutant successfully from DIW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing industrial transformation in developing countries, including Ethiopia, has resulted in a significant increase in harmful pollutants in the environment. Various industrial activities release toxic wastewater sludge and spent yeast into the surrounding ecosystem, posing risks to public health and the environment. However, these waste materials have the potential for energy extraction and recycling. This study aimed to investigate and harness the biogas potential through anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater sludge and waste yeast. The researchers employed a response surface approach utilizing Box–Behnken experimental designs (BBD) to assess the three key experimental parameters influencing biogas yield: pH levels (6, 7, and 8), volume ratio (85, 92, and 99%), and temperature (33, 36.5, and 40°C). Before and after the digestion process, the researchers measured the total solids (TS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and pH of all substrates. Additionally, measurements of temperature, total nitrate, and total phosphate were taken before digestion. The methane yield was modeled using a second-order polynomial through the BBD method in Design Expert software, with a p value threshold of ≤5%. The results showed that the maximum methane yield of 61.18% was achieved at a pH of 7, a temperature of 36.5°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. Conversely, the lowest methane yield of 40.13% was obtained at a pH of 6, a temperature of 33°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. The linear and quadratic values of the model (A, B, C, A2, B2, and C2) were determined to be significant terms, with p values ≤5%. Overall, the biogas yields obtained from the anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater and waste yeast were promising. This process has the potential to effectively remove BOD5, COD, and TS from distillery spent wash and sludge. The findings suggest that anaerobic codigestion could be a viable approach for both energy production and waste management in the setting of distillery waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Tecno Lógicas is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Distillery effluent is a dark-coloured recalcitrant organic formed as a result of mailard's reaction during fermentation of molasses. The high strength effluent is highly complicated to dispose due to its properties, such as acidic nature, low pH, high total solids concentration, high concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The disposal of effluent from the distilleries is attempted using hen feather as an organic adsorbent which is a biodegradable waste, and is compared with the bentonite as an inorganic adsorbent. The adsorption experiments were conducted in the real-time distillery effluent using hen feather and bentonite for a concentration range of 1000 to 3000 ppm. The effect of different adsorbents was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analyser. The gravimetric analysis of the hen feather and bentonite after adsorption indicates the 72% and 49.96% of total dissolved solids could be removed, respectively. The TGA results showed that the residue obtained by distillery effluent solids in oxygen mode was 30% which is reduced to 9% for hen feather adsorbed distillery solid samples. From the experiments, the results show that the residue from the distillery effluent solids was reduced to 9% on comparing with the bentonite 40%. The amide group in the hen feather adsorbs higher as the distillery effluent is the product of sugar and amine fermentation. Hence, the hen feather is the better option to use for the adsorption and to reduce the solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Molasses is used in the manufacturing of ethanol at sugarcane distilleries, which also produces a significant volume of effluent with melanoidin pigment and high BOD, COD, and pH. Melanoidin is a dark brown pigment that may be treated before disposal since it has a number of harmful consequences. This study's objective was to identify possible melanoidin pigment-decolorizing yeast from natural resources and optimize it for various physiological, chemical, and dietary factors. From the various samples taken from the neighbouring distillery site, a total of 15 yeasts were isolated. Candida tropicalis (Y-2) was the name of the yeast strain that had the most colour decolorization. Within 32 hours of incubation, this strain of yeast displayed maximal decolorization (83%) at 35°C with 0.5% glucose, 0.5% peptone, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.01% KH2PO4 pH-5. This yeast displayed maximal decolorization in the shortest amount of time while using the least quantity of carbon and nitrogen sources. This yeast strain may be used on an industrial scale to decolorize melanoidin since it is exceedingly successful. This is the first investigation of this unique strain of yeast that decolorizes spent wash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-degrading bacteria were identified from distillery lees, and the strains were optimized for fermentation and enzyme production, providing effective strains for the resource utilization of distillery lees and developing cellulase. Based on the univariate test, the response surface test was used to optimize enzyme production conditions for fermentation. The screened strain JZ2 had a clear circle-to-colony diameter ratio of 2.0. The enzyme activities of exoglucanase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase were 4.341 ± 0.05 U/mL, 1.874 ± 0.04 U/mL, and 0.739 ± 0.02 U/mL, respectively. The bacterial colonies were large, and the bacterial cells' morphology was rod-shaped. We identified Bacillus cereus (JZ2) from 16S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic tree analysis as belonging to the genus Bacillus in the thick-walled Bacillus phylum. The optimum production conditions of cellulase from strain JZ2 were a fermentation time of 2 d, a rotation rate of 180× g, and a temperature of 26 °C using the response surface method. The enzyme activity of JZ2 was 4.625 U/mL under optimal enzyme production conditions. In addition to good activity, the cellulase from the JZ2 strain may have the potential to convert distillery lees cellulose into useful compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Was there legitimate public interest justification for regulating whiskey with the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906? High and Coppin (Bus Hist Rev 62:286–309, 1988) provide evidence for a public choice interpretation of the application of the act to the whiskey industry. However, the existence of public choice factors does not preclude the simultaneous existence of genuine public interest rationales. The public interest justification was that rectifiers, who flavored neutral spirits to replicate straight whiskey, commonly adulterated whiskey with poisonous ingredients. We examine these claims using alcohol consumption data, chemical tests of whiskey, trade book recipes, and reported deaths and poisonings from whiskey. We find that poisons were infrequently used in rectified whiskey and that the poisons used were overwhelmingly either not fully understood to be dangerous at that time or were demanded in underground markets. The historical evidence bolsters the public choice interpretation of High and Coppin (1988). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Post-alcohol distillery waste is an environmental pollutant, which determined the relevance of its disposal. One of the ways to utilise post-alcohol distillery waste is through its anaerobic methane destruction in biogas plants. The research aims to determine the optimal amount of post-alcohol distillery wastes to be added to the substrate to achieve maximum biomethane yield. The research was conducted on a laboratory biogas plant consisting of a 30-litre digester and a gas holder in a mesophilic mode at a substrate temperature of 40°C with a periodic substrate loading mode. It was found that the highest biogas yield of 5.369 l/(h·kg DOM) was obtained by anaerobic methane mono-degradation of post-alcohol distillery waste. However, the methane content in the biogas is in the range of 48-52%. During the anaerobic methane destruction of a mixture of post-alcohol distillery waste with cow manure, the methane content in biogas increases to 70-76%, but the biogas yield is lower and is 4.577 l/(h·kg DOM) at 36% post-alcohol distillery waste content in the substrate, 3.294 l/(h·kg DOM) at 27%, 2.960 l/(h·kg DOM) at 18%, 1.538 l/(h·kg DOM) at 9%. The optimum content of post-alcohol distillery waste in the substrate, at which the biomethane yield will be maximum (3.821 l/(h·kg DOM)), is 46.7% of the substrate content and 100% of the organic part of the substrate. The results of this study can be used in planning the composition of the substrate of biogas plants and designing and building new biogas plants near distilleries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane farming and bioethanol production are water-intensive activities that result in high water competition. The competition, in turn, can exacerbate water scarcity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the water footprint (WF) of the sugar and bioethanol production at the Finchaa and Metehara sugarcane farms, which are located in different river basins in Ethiopia. The climatic data (minimal and maximum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration), meteorological data (rainfall), CROPWAT 8.0 model, nitrogen fertilizer application rates, sugarcane yield, and sugar and bioethanol production over 12 years (2008–2019) were used. Penman–Monteith method-based sugarcane water requirements of Finchaa and Metehara were found to be 2021.1 and 3605.4 mm/growing period, respectively. The sugarcane WF of Finchaa was 188.01 m3/t, which was composed of green (67.45 m3/t), blue (113.42 m3/t), and grey (7.14 m3/t) components, whereas the WF of Metehara was 239.11 m3/t consisting of green (29.42 m3/t), blue (204.13 m3/t), and grey (5.56 m3/t). The low sugarcane WF recorded was attributed to the high yield of sugarcane that was harvested in the study areas. Hence, the irrigation (blue WF) requirement is the major concern of water management in the basins. Similarly, the WF of bioethanol at the Finchaa distillery (2067.62 L/L) was much higher than that of the Metehara distillery (1441.54 L/L). However, both WFs were within the global range. Significant differences were observed between the two water basins. The sugarcane estate farm and bioethanol production processes require water management intervention to reduce the impact of WF in the basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The baijiu spirit is often the focus of fraudulent activity due to the widely varying prices of the products. In this work, Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography (SPME GCMS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and 1H qNMR spectroscopy were evaluated as potential methods to authenticate baijiu samples. Data were collected for 30 baijiu samples produced by seven different distilleries. The data from the SPME GCMS and FTIR methods were treated by a Principal Component Analysis to identify clusters that would suggest chemical differences in the products from different distilleries. The results suggest that SPME GCMS has the potential to be a fully portable method for baijiu authentication. FTIR did not appear suitable for authentication but can be used to find the %ABV range of the sample. 1H quantitative NMR (1H qNMR) was utilized to quantify the ethanol concentrations and calculate the observable congener chemistry comprising ester, ethanol, methanol, fusel alcohol, and organic acids. Discrepancies in ethanol content were observed in three samples, and a lack of major congeners in two samples indicates the possible presence of a counterfeit product. Detailed and quantitative congener chemistry is obtainable by NMR and provides a possible fingerprint analysis for the authentication and quality control of baijiu style, producer, and the length of the ageing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biofloc technology (BFT) is an ecofriendly aquaculture production system. In this, various carbon sources being used for floc production. However, the cheapest carbon source would make it economically feasible. In this context, the present study used purified distillery spent wash (DSW) as a carbon source to evaluate its viability on biofloc composition and carcass quality of GIFT strain. Methods: Nursery trial was conducted in high density poly ethylene (HDPE) outdoor lined pond (0.01 ha) for period of 30 days (8th January to 7th February 2018). In both BFT and control system, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of GIFT tilapia were analyzed at the end of the trial by following the standard method. Result: Dried microbial floc encompassed 16.61±1.2% of crude protein and 15.3±0.01% of linoleic acid. The Whole-body composition of GIFT was not significantly (P>0.05) varied in between biofloc and control. Significantly (P<0.05) rich fatty acids found in biofloc fed GIFT whole body except stearic acid, behenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In the present study, DSW did not show much effect on carcass quality but showed better growth performance of GIFT strain in the BFT system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugarcane-based distillery plant generates the anaerobically digested distillery (AnDD) spent wash after distillation and bimethanation, also known as a recalcitrant. The AnDD contains complex constituents of many hazardous matters, which results in high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour, causing a threat to the environment and aquatic life. The researchers found treating such recalcitrant challenging. In this study, a promising technology, electrocoagulation (EC), has been used to treat such wastewater before discharging it into the environment. Optimising different operating parameters allows the EC process to effectively remove the colour and COD consuming less time and power. This study presents a novel approach for the degradation of such recalcitrant through the EC technique with two aluminium (Al) and one stainless steel (SS) as anodes and a cathode, respectively. Two Al-anodes used both surfaces of the SS-cathode to save the treatment cost, and the cathode, which was not consumed during the reaction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe the effects of different operating parameters on the Al-SS-Al electrodes' configuration for the treatment of AnDD spent wash. The main operational parameters for the EC process, such as reaction time (0–270 mins), current density (0.0022–0.0132 A/cm2), inter-electrode distance (10–30 mm) and dilution ratios (AnDD: DI = 1:3–4:0), were studied. The optimum conditions: 150 min, 0.0088 A/cm2, 20 mm and 1:3 were found using the one factor at a time (OFAT) method. The maximum COD, colour, turbidity, TDS and TSS removal were 84.64, 91.37, 86.92, 29.2 and 77.62%, respectively. The anode and power consumptions at optimum conditions were calculated as 4325 mg/L and 60 Wh/L, respectively. The overall treatment cost was calculated as 0.021 USD/L. Results proved that the EC process with Al-SS-Al electrodes configuration has high removal efficiency at reduced treatment cost for AnDD spent wash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of agro-residues to value added products is a potential opportunity for all agrarian countries. This study involves the utilization of agro-waste sourced from farmlands, and plant foliage waste collected from university premises, both blended with the distillery sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to prepare pellets. The pellet samples were tested with proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The gross calorific value of the coal sample was 8967.23 kcal/kg, whereas the plant waste and sludge blend sample indicated a value of 7121.70 kcal/kg. The pellets produced from farm waste and sludge showed a value of 8621.334 kcal/ kg which is close to the gross calorific value of coal. The burning rate of the pure coal was found to be the highest with a value of 0.156 mg/min, followed by a mixture of farm waste and sludge with 0.129 mg/min and a blend of plant waste and sludge with 0.00745 mg/min, respectively. This research highlights the possibility of converting distillery sludge, plant waste, and farm waste into alternate fuel source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]