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The Philippines has been listed as the topmost affected country by climate change. One of the sectors affected by this climatic change is the agricultural sector. This study aimed to document the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) on climate change among rice farmers as a baseline study in disseminating the practices on disaster risk reduction management to rice farmers in Central Luzon to reduce risks and improve the rice yield and income of rice farmers. A total of 969 respondents were randomly sampled from the seven provinces of Central Luzon. A survey questionnaire and an unstructured questionnaire were used as instruments in gathering the needed data. Descriptive and thematic analysis were used in analyzing the data. Results revealed that rice farmers are knowledgeable and have favorable attitudes toward the impact of climate change on farming. They sometimes practice climate-smart agricultural practices. Generally, the farmers are affected by weather and climatic conditions as well as the hazards that cause a reduction in rice yield. Climate change has affected farmers in their social well-being, economic aspect, and rice production. In terms of climate change disaster adaptation measures, the farmers sometimes adopt measures in terms of flood and drought and seldom adopt measures in typhoons, erosion, and volcanic eruptions. The study recommends the conduct of capability training on disaster risk reduction in rice production (such as early planting and planting of high-yielding varieties) based on the specific needs of each province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REDER: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres is the property of Corporacion Gestion de Riesgos y Desastres (GRID-Chile) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Any future outer space exploration and exploitation should more fully consider disaster and health risks as part of aiming for sustainability. The advent of the so‐called "New Space" race, age, or era characterized by democratization, commercialization, militarization, and overlapping outer space activities such as tourism presents challenges for disaster‐related and health‐related risks in and for outer space. Such challenges have been extensively researched for earth, but less so for space. This article presents an overview of key aspects for addressing disaster and health risks in outer space within a wider sustainability framing. After an introduction providing background and scope, this article's next section considers some key health and disaster risks within sustainable outer space and offers insights from earth. The following two sections apply this knowledge by focusing on how analogue missions and international legal and voluntary regimes can each be used to reduce risks and potentially make outer space healthier and safer. The findings advocate that there is a wealth of knowledge and experience about mitigating risks to health and disaster risk reduction on earth that can inform spaceflight and exploration. The examples explored include the physical, legal, and regulatory aspects of the "New Space" industry, which highlights the relevance of equating examples on earth. The article concludes that expectations must be managed regarding scenarios for which response, rescue, and recovery are precluded, prompting a necessary focus on prevention and risk reduction. In doing so, earth‐based scenarios and aspects of the so‐called "Old Space" offer useful insights and should be examined further for "New Space." Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:994–1001. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: More should be done to draw on the wealth of knowledge and experience that exists on earth for addressing health risks and disaster risk reduction and response (DRR/R) for sustainable outer space exploration.As the space industry grows, there is a danger that pursuing the opportunities of outer space may be counterproductive to humanity's recent efforts to transition to more sustainable living.Embracing sustainability and risk reduction can create a better and safer future on earth and in outer space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Media & Communication Research / Uluslararası Medya ve Iletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi is the property of Journal of Media & Communication Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disaster risks are becoming more prevalent in densely populated spaces such as informal settlements as a result of unplanned urbanisation. Several scholars ascribe this condition to inadequate awareness of spatial planning tools among informal settlers, as these influence where and how they construct their buildings for disaster risk reduction. This study aimed at assessing the awareness level of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction in informal settlements in Mopani District, South Africa. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 608 households that were selected using stratified sampling. The Relative Importance Index which was transformed into five importance levels was used to assess the awareness level of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. The study analysed the relationship between participant characteristics and awareness level using a t-test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The transformed relative importance index revealed that there is a moderate to low level of awareness of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. A t-test and an ANOVA revealed significant differences in awareness levels of spatial planning tools between the sub-groups based on gender, education and income levels. The females, low-income earners and less educated have a lower awareness level of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction. The study recommends focusing on raising awareness of spatial planning tools for disaster risk reduction among the females, low-income earners and less educated to promote safe, healthy and liveable spaces in informal settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 aims to mitigate natural disasters, specifically in developing regions. It promotes the adoption of people-centered disaster risk reduction approaches. Hence, citizen science represents an interesting tool to engage populations in the mitigation of disaster risk, through data collection and analysis, and in the dissemination of scientific and safety information. Herein, we evaluate the potential and feasibility of a citizen science project on the island of Mayotte (in the Mozambique Channel). Mayotte has been experiencing an unexpected volcano-seismic crisis since 2018, which has generated strong anxiety in the population. To address this, we have developed a citizen seismology program to engage Mayotte's inhabitants in seismic data processing. First, we conducted an initial test of our protocol to identify seismic events with a set of university students. We then conducted 15 interviews with members of local administrations and associations to assess the potential for engaging the general population in this project. The results show that we are able to collect reliable data from citizens with non-professional backgrounds using the protocol designed in the project. We also show a strong demand for scientific information from Mayotte's inhabitants, associated with a robust trust in science and scientists, despite the circulation of alternative explanations for the seismicity among the population. Based on these results, our citizen science project could be positively received by Mayotte's inhabitants, if advertised adequately. Finally, we discuss the value of these results for disaster risk reduction in vulnerable territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of catastrophic events are magnified by different regional and local vulnerabilities. The multiple risks and socio-environmental stresses of vulnerable areas are also associated with unequal planning, prevention, and mitigation of disasters; inefficient operation of early warning systems; insufficient institutional capacity for post-disaster response; and, in peri-urban areas such as Mexico City (CDMX), due to the presence of informal settlements. According to the definition of the risk management system (norms, public policies and actions), this work evaluates the dimensions, approaches and components of the design and application of disaster risk management policies in CDMX in relation to informal settlements. The dimensions, Normative, Systemic and Procedural, are evaluated for seven documents (initiative, law, program, regulation, manual, guideline, and risk atlas). It is concluded that the explanatory frameworks for vulnerability, sustainability and irregular human settlements, resilience and risks focus on linking the capacities, principles, and elements of recovery to increase performance in urban systems, which would allow the definition of strategies in the face of disruptive events. However, there are not integrated the following: the type of risks; resilience elements and capacities; populations or stakeholders; and performance management processes and systems at the strategic and operational level considering the complexity of the dimensions, relationships, and effects between the sustainability components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most hospitals have a contingency plan, based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment principles. However, emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system, for example, in hospitals. Sweden, and possibly other countries, has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies, which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency plan. This study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group, both at operative and strategic levels, regarding possible changes in a major hospital's contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool, consisting of command and control, safety, communication, assessment, triage, treatment, and transport. The results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated, establish clear leadership, put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda, improve external monitoring, and create a regional coordinating center. Furthermore, the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making, as well as to provide reliable communication, collaboration, and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected emergencies. These steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aims to mitigate natural disasters, specifically in developing regions. It promotes the adoption of people-centered disaster risk reduction approaches. Hence, citizen science represents an interesting tool to engage populations in the mitigation of disaster risk, through data collection and analysis, and in the dissemination of scientific and safety information. Herein, we evaluate the potential and feasibility of a citizen science project on the island of Mayotte (in the Mozambique Channel). Mayotte has been experiencing an unexpected volcano-seismic crisis since 2018, which has generated strong anxiety in the population. To address this, we have developed a citizen seismology program to engage Mayotte’s inhabitants in seismic data processing. First, we conducted an initial test of our protocol to identify seismic events with a set of university students. We then conducted 15 interviews with members of local administrations and associations to assess the potential for engaging the general population in this project. The results show that we are able to collect reliable data from citizens with non-professional backgrounds using the protocol designed in the project. We also show a strong demand for scientific information from Mayotte’s inhabitants, associated with a robust trust in science and scientists, despite the circulation of alternative explanations for the seismicity among the population. Based on these results, our citizen science project could be positively received by Mayotte’s inhabitants, if advertised adequately. Finally, we discuss the value of these results for disaster risk reduction in vulnerable territories.

Considering the increasing disaster risks, vulnerability and reduced resilience across Himalayas due to urban sprawling, our study attempts to understand the crucial environmental concerns in the valley town of Dehradun. We assessed the long-term risks due to the rise in population density, changing land use patterns, land surface temperature, groundwater shortage, air pollution concerns, vegetation loss and concretization using remote sensing tools. Results reveal the deleterious impact of urban sprawling affecting different wards of the city, with the burgeoning population pressure in the central part of the city (200 people per hectare (pph)) while, peripheral areas have lesser pressure (4 pph) but projected to rise. Loss of vegetation for development across the city has resulted in insufficient and unequal distribution of green spaces. The builtup area increased from 23.63 to 59.78 % after the city became the state capital has led to the increased heat islands and surface temperature (21.23–25.53 °C). Depleting groundwater levels in erstwhile water sufficient wards of Raipur (01), Shastradhara (02) and Adhoiwala N (28) is alarming. Increasing air pollutants (P.M.10, SO 2 and NO 2) and the risk of urban floods are severe for 10 wards. Dehradun city seems to be at tipping point about to cross its bearing capacity, any additional pressure may have serious repercussions for city residents. City municipal corporation along with diverse stakeholder groups need to mainstream Nature based Solutions, designing and implementing ward specific customized solutions for addressing societal challenges according to Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the UN SDG 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental studies become essential every day due to the progressive human intervention in the environment and its accentuated appropriation of the landscapes. Since the object of study of Geography is the spatiality of the elements, the objective of this work is to analyze the concepts of risk, social and ecodynamic vulnerability and how Geography contributes to their analysis. Discussions on these topics provide greater understanding of the environmental and social dynamics of an area, and may contribute to further studies and actions related to territorial planning, monitoring and environmental management. From this study it is possible to understand the importance of geography in the analysis of social indicators and physical-natural elements for the understanding of disaster risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the global trend of climate change mitigation, Japan has been rapidly increasing its share of renewable energy, in particular, its share of solar energy. However, Japan has limited flat land area that is suitable for solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation and a high risk of natural disasters. There is a possibility that some of its newly built solar power plants are located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur. Therefore, it is important to study the locations for solar PV from the perspective of disaster risk management. Previous studies have reported a number of incidents where solar PV installations were damaged as a result of natural disasters. One study utilized geographical analysis technology to reveal the overlapping of solar PV powerplant locations and disaster-prone areas in Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. However, to our best knowledge, no previous research about the solar PV locations' hazard risks has been done on a national scale. This paper investigates the risks stemming from landslides and floods for the existing solar PV power plants in Japan. We compare the geographical data of disaster risks in Japan with the location data of solar PV power plants to investigate the number of solar PV power plants located in disaster risk areas. Our results show that the shares of medium and large-scale solar PV power plants located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur are about 8.5 and 9.1% respectively.

This paper evaluates and analyses Cameroon's contemporary legislative, policy, institutional, administrative, and governance/power structures for disaster risk management (DRM) to identify gaps for improvement. A qualitative research strategy was used to assess Cameroon's compliance with international DRM frameworks in order to determine their effectiveness. The Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction (SFDRR) provided conceptual guidance to the enquiries and systematic analysis. An evaluation of Cameroon's DRM legislation, policies, institutions, and governance suggests the existence of basic structures with on-paper provisions for a decentralised, multi-hazard and multi-disciplinary/agency DRM approach. Embedded in the structures are standard protocols for responding to natural hazards, crises/emergencies, or disasters. Yet, operationally, Cameroon's DRM system is yet to attain its full potential. A gap analysis reveals the frameworks are mainly natural hazard, crises/disaster driven. Details of stakeholder roles and responsibilities are either vague or not explicit in the statutory instruments. The inclusion of clearly defined guidelines for cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder interventions in the DRM instruments is limited. The DRM frameworks are generally more reactive than proactive and adopts a hierarchical top-down decision making and power structure where lower administrative units are not sufficiently empowered to efficiently perform DRM functions. Generally, the contemporary DRM structures undermine the ability to enhance resilience to disaster risks. Recommendations from a gap analysis suggests that an overhaul of the DRM frameworks is inevitable to curb the rising disaster risks in the country. Any reorganisation must consider elevating the Directorate of Civil Protection to an independent/autonomous structure placed directly under the Prime Minister's Office or the Presidency.

This study examines the relationship between disaster risks and interstate conflict. We argue that in disaster-prone areas actors' rational expectations about the likelihood and magnitude of potential future disasters can make conflict more likely. The relationship emerges when future disasters are viewed as shocks that are expected to shift the relative power balance among states. If large enough, such expected shifts can generate commitment problems and cause conflict even before any disasters take place. Our approach represents a shift of focus from previous research, which investigates the effect of actual disasters and ignores rational expectations regarding future events. We use a simple game-theoretic model to highlight the commitment problem caused by disaster risks. We then discuss and apply an empirical strategy enabling us to disentangle effects of disaster proneness from effects of actual disaster events. Our results indicate that greater disaster risks are indeed associated with a higher likelihood of interstate conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Planlama is the property of TMMOB Sehir Plancilari Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bhitarkanika National Park and Mahanadi Delta are the most biologically diverse mangrove patches of India. Due to inadequate representation of the value of the mangroves in decision-making, mangroves of Bhitarkanika and Mahanadi delta have undergone a rapid decline in the last fifty years. Thus, there is a growing need to assess the ecosystem services and multiple values of mangrove ecosystems in the region, and to identify the various anthropogenic and environmental drivers acting upon them. In this paper, we conducted a bibliometric analysis, followed by a synthesis of contemporary knowledge to understand the diverse ecosystem services of the Bhitarkanika mangroves and the existing data gaps for the protection and sustainable management of mangroves. It was observed that Bhitarkanika mangroves primarily serve as a buffer to coastal storms, tsunamis and cyclones, and they also contribute immense provisioning, and cultural ecosystem services for human well-being. The present review provides a comprehensive database projecting important ecosystem services and multiple values (including carbon sink potential, pollinator benefits and protection from storm surges) of Bhitarkanika mangrove forests. We found that there is a significant pressure on the mangroves of Bhitarkanika due to increasing aquaculture, environmental pollution, industrialization, storm surges and frequent cyclones. The present study helps to understand the urgent need of protecting the existing mangroves and to devise a coastal zone policy framework and strengthening participatory approaches for preservation of dense and intact mangroves of Bhitarkanika and Mahanadi delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the actions that many local authorities take in to reduce exposure of informal settlements to disaster risks and the impacts of climate change is to move people out of high-risk areas. This is usually enacted through resettlement, relocation or evictions. This article argues that local authorities recognizing and validating multiple interests in land offers an innovative advantage to cities in equitably responding to risks, and adapting to climate change. More specifically, we focus on how multiple interests in land in Kampala influenced processes associated with the resettlement of people within the context of trying to reduce exposure to disaster risks. In this instance, authorities seeking to resettle people were more inclined to negotiate than impose resettlement and these negotiations opened up the possibilities for more equitable outcomes to emerge, such as staying in their existing communities. The experience of Kampala's authorities offers lessons for other cities confronting resettlement challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unplanned urbanization in developing cities has led to haphazard development, increasing disaster risks in densely populated areas. Despite being more disaster-prone, these dense settlements often lack essential emergency services. Delivering emergency services requires a high-resolution geodatabase of minor roads and their attributes, such as road width. Such information can be a crucial input for quantifying emergency vehicles (EVs) access in an area. To the best of our knowledge, no research has addressed this problem statement, making this paper the first to propose quantifying road width and using it to develop EVs accessibility maps. We propose a two-stage process to achieve these goals. In the first stage, we designed a deep neural network (DNN) to accurately organize built-up features, including minor roads using true-colour high-resolution satellite imagery of Pleiades-1A for Mumbai. In the second stage, we propose an algorithm to calculate road width and then compare it with EVs dimension (width) details to develop high-resolution accessibility maps. The model classified features with around 91.88% accuracy along with 90% Kappa coefficient, while the classification accuracy of minor roads in informal settlements was about 85.80%. We found that informal settlements have much less access to various EVs compared to formal settlements due to mixed signatures. The outcomes presented in this paper can be used as a decision-making tool to develop a geodatabase of road widths and EVs accessibility maps for efficient resource planning, which can ultimately lead to the development of disaster-resilient cities. • Extraction of minor-roads in dense informal settlements using Deep Learning (DL). • Algorithm to estimate road width from classified imagery. • Generation of high-resolution Emergency Vehicle (EV) accessibility maps for Mumbai, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to establish the impact of disaster risks on economic performance of seed cotton supply chains in Chiredzi district of Zimbabwe. Reliable primary data were collected through structured questionnaires which were personally administered to cotton farmers by these researchers. In-depth interviews were also conducted with cotton merchants to buttress the results of the structured questionnaires. Given the ordered nature of the dependent variable, economic sustainability, the study employs ordinary least and ordered regression models which check for robustness. Findings indicate that disaster risks have a significant influence on economic unsustainability of seed cotton supply chains in Zimbabwe. Results of conducted interviews show that disaster risks have negatively affected the quality of cotton and cotton products. In addition, thousands of workers lost their jobs and resulted in some cotton supply chain players winding up their businesses.

Cities have increasingly been confronted with disasters, ranging from earthquakes and storms to floods and landslides. Traditional technocratic top-down approaches have proved inadequate to face disaster risks in urban agglomerations. Thus, expectations have risen that through multi-level governance, metropolitan regions could become more resilient by joining forces across scales and sectors, enabling them to implement adaptation strategies collectively. Under the leadership of the city of Medellin and integrated within the national risk governance system of Colombia, such a governance arrangement has been established in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburra Valley. Applying social network analysis, this paper analyses the institutional relationships within the multi-level risk governance network Red Riesgos. It demonstrates that the effectiveness of multi-level disaster risk governance networks depends primarily on the protagonist role of local governments and on their abilities to involve local communities and citizens and to interact constantly with higher-level authorities in the implementation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to establish the impact of disaster risks on economic performance of seed cotton supply chains in Chiredzi district of Zimbabwe. Reliable primary data were collected through structured questionnaires which were personally administered to cotton farmers by these researchers. In-depth interviews were also conducted with cotton merchants to buttress the results of the structured questionnaires. Given the ordered nature of the dependent variable, economic sustainability, the study employs ordinary least and ordered regression models which check for robustness. Findings indicate that disaster risks have a significant influence on economic unsustainability of seed cotton supply chains in Zimbabwe. Results of conducted interviews show that disaster risks have negatively affected the quality of cotton and cotton products. In addition, thousands of workers lost their jobs and resulted in some cotton supply chain players winding up their businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the strong suddenness, large destruction and wide impact, disasters can cause serious property and safety loss to tourists, damage significantly tourism infrastructure, properties and resources. In order to prevent disaster and to better understand future disaster risk evolution, we have built a comprehensive disaster risk evaluation model using selected 17 economic and social indicators from tourist destinations in Jilin Province based on the four-factor theory of natural disaster risk formation. The model was used to assess tourist destination disaster risk in Jilin Province for the period of 2009 - 2014. Using GIS technology, we have developed a tourist destination disaster risk zoning map of 2009 – 2014 for Jilin Province, classified the spatial evolution patterns of tourist destination disaster risk. Results showed that the increases in tourist destination disaster risks in Jilin may be spatially evolved by edge contact, sudden internal elevation, swinging and leaping; the decreases in tourist destination disaster risks may be spatially evolved by edge recession, sudden internal reduction and contiguous reduction. The disaster risk spatial evolution model is of value for the emergency department of Jilin Province to take specific emergency measures according to a particular pattern.

The tourism sector, one of the largest economy contributors in urban and regional development, is depended much on climate, sunlight, sea water, and natural landscape. Climate condition may influence the tourism activity. However, there is less study on the relationship between tourism and climate change in Indonesia, where many coastal areas are located. They are obviously really sensitive and vulnerable to the direct and indirect impacts of climate-related disasters. The objective of this preliminary study is to identify the tourists’ perception regarding their understanding on the issue of climate-related disaster risks and its influence on the coastal tourism activity. An online questionnaire survey with domestic tourists’ respondents was conducted, including their socioeconomic characteristics, and perception of climate-related disasters to coastal tourism activity. The finding revealed that the majority of respondents are understood about the issue and impacts of climate change. They responded that some of the climate-related disasters have influenced to coastal tourism activity; the high level is affected by storm and flood. By understanding the tourists’ perspective, it will give valuable inputs especially for local government, policy decision makers, and related tourism stakeholders to improve their approaches and strategies in order to achieve sustainable coastal tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local government have a pivotal role in city planning. However, meeting the conflicting priorities such as plan for urbanization, promote economic prosperity, ensure environmental sustainability besides creating safe, vibrant and liveable places, create major challenges for local administration. While rapid urbanization continue to displace people from their local places, the frequency of disaster events at the local scale and increasing disaster risks place unique challenges on people and their places. This emphasises the need for local government to understand the local places and invest in planning for cities that improve resilience and enhance human connectivity to their places. Meeting these multidimensional needs in local spaces require embedding local and scientific knowledge, past experiences and community expectation to plan and design cities that also deliver multiple social outcomes. Both place-based approach to city planning and creating disaster resilient cities have gathered momentum, however, they continue to occur in isolation. Maximizing these multiple social, environmental and economic outcomes, emphasize the need to align both resilience principles for sustainable urbanization and place based approach planning concepts to plan for places for people. Drawing from these principles and organizational change theory, a conceptual framework is proposed that provide a new lens for local government to plan for place based resilient cities. This place based approach for resilient cities framework incorporates the thinking for change as a dynamic process across the time scales and by understanding the relationship between people and their place. The model proposed is in an Australian context, yet has significant implication for communities at all levels when planning for places for people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large urban agglomerations in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Accra face multiple vulnerabilities due to overlapping risks. These include everyday risks related to poor quality water and sanitation, to city level air, water and industrial pollution risks and vulnerabilities to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, storms and pandemics. Some of the bio-climatic disasters may be amplified by climate change. The paper argues that the complexity of everyday risks and associated health conditions suffered principally by the poor are interconnected with disaster risk. It examines these inter-relationships in the context of the cholera pandemic of 2014 and the 2015 flood disaster events, as city-wide events which affected both the poor and the wealthy. The paper reflects on the implications of these events - which are to a large extent socially constructed - for thinking about everyday and disaster risk in an urban context, and for policies to address multiple sets of overlapping risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MNE customers have a positive association with the compliance of local suppliers to CCA and DRR goals. • MNE customers have a positive association with the commitment of local suppliers to CCA and DRR goals. • Non-MNE customers do not show any association with compliance and commitment of local suppliers to CCA and DRR goals. • AI-SRM capability is found to exert a moderating effect. • Mitigating climate change and disaster risks among sub-supplier are critical for enhancing social sustainability. This study empirically tested the relationships of multinational enterprises (MNE) and non-MNE customer pressures with the compliance and commitment of garment industry suppliers to climate change adaptation (CCA) and the disaster risk reduction (DRR) goal (sustainable development goal 13). It further investigated the effect of mitigating climate change and disaster risks among sub-suppliers in the supply chain (SC) network on SC sustainability performance under the moderating effect of artificial intelligence-powered supplier-relationship management. The study applied a mixed-methods research approach. The literature review led to the development of the theoretical model and hypotheses generation and further testing, using structural equation modeling, which was followed by the qualitative investigation completed during the second phase. This study highlights the motivation behind CCA and DRR-related practices that can guide SC managers when creating effective sustainability policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing crop variety with different maturity types is one of the most effective ways for agricultural production to adapt to climate change. However, variability of climate resources and disaster risks under varying climate conditions makes selection of the proper variety for a certain region more difficult. Based on climate data from 1951 to 2010 and crop data from 1981 to 2007, the impact of climate change on maturity-type shifts of maize variety, the variability of available climate resources including heat, precipitation, and sunshine duration, and agro-meteorological disaster risks in Northeast China (NEC) were analysed. Larger middle- and late-maturity-type cropping areas were found during the second period (1981-2010) than during the first period (1951-1980). The area planted with early-maturity maize tended to decrease in the north-western portion of NEC. In sensitive cropping areas where the maturity types of spring maize shifted, growing degree days increased by 2.8-11.5 %, and the northern portion showed higher increasing amplitude than the southern portion. In addition, both accumulated precipitation and sunshine duration during the maize-growing season showed a significant increasing trend in the northern portion, although a significant decreasing trend was found in the southern portion of NEC. In conclusion, the maturity-type shift in spring maize caused more exposure to chilling damage and water deficiency in the sensitive cropping areas of NEC. The importance of taking full account of disaster risks was demonstrated when changing maturity types of spring maize to achieve higher production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]