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ABSTRACT Aims Design Review Methods Data Sources Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution To identify the components and characteristics of disaster risk reduction education for people with disabilities and to explore the contents and results of disaster risk reduction education.A systematic review and narrative synthesis.The review was conducted in accordance with Tawfik's guidelines and followed the reporting standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis. The quality appraisal was guided by the mixed methods appraisal tool. The contents of each type of education were narratively synthesised.The literature search was conducted in December 2023 using several electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library and PsycINFO.Eight quantitative studies were selected for this study. Disaster risk reduction education for people with disabilities has focused mainly on fires and earthquakes, and drills were the most used teaching method. Some of the education was conducted by designating a 1:1 ratio of educators and participants or modifying the ratio according to the type of disability. The staff mainly conducted the education, and after education, the effect of disaster risk reduction education was confirmed in terms of the knowledge and response of people with disabilities during drills.This review provides insights for developing disaster risk reduction education for people with disabilities. However, only a few randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies and quasi‐experimental studies have been conducted, and several studies have bias risks. Thus, practical, continuous, quality interventions are needed for effective disaster risk reduction education for people with disabilities.This systematic review analysed the research trends of disaster risk reduction education for people with disabilities. The results provide the basis for quality evaluations of the operation, methods and achievements of educational programmes. Efforts are needed to promote collaboration between researcher and the practitioners to conduct further quality research.No Patient or Public Contribution: Systematic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making reference to recent scholarly discussions on neoliberalism and disaster recovery, in this paper I discuss how the implemented neoliberal doctrines of governance have reinforced the existing asymmetrical power relationships between the state, international agencies and citizens. This process constitutes a major barrier to achieving sustainable recovery after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. In particular, three issues, namely the risk of disempowering local communities' capacity, lack of commitment to long‐term recovery, and commodification of the recovery process, have resulted that the recovery policy basically favours the interests of international donors, and NGOs, not those of local communities. To achieve sustainable recovery, post disaster interventions must be socially inclusive. Local affected communities should be meaningfully engaged, and that social learning and sustainability transformation should be enabled as these are key processes at the core of community resilience and of any community resilience‐building strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is a worldwide destructive disaster that severely restricts agricultural production. Meteorological indices are common tools for regionally assessing the impact of flooding on crop yields, but their performances are rarely compared. In this work, six convenient meteorological indices, namely, precipitation (P), standardized precipitation anomaly (PA), China Z index (CZI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and standardized antecedent precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SAPEI), were employed to establish correlations between flooding intensity and crop meteorological yield (FL-Ym correlation). Four major crops in the middle-lower reach of the Yangtze River (cotton, oilseed rape, wheat, and maize) were selected as the study crops. The results indicated that the flooding intensities quantified by the SPI, SPEI, and CZI had strong interconnections, whereas those quantified by the P and SAPEI were less related to the others. In the cases with stronger negative FL-Ym correlations, different indices were more likely to yield consistent identifications. In terms of the districts witnessing significant FL-Ym correlations, in only 26%, 41%, 44%, and 75% of them (respectively corresponding to cotton, wheat, maize, and oilseed rape), the correlations were consistently identified as significant by the majority of the indices, demonstrating the nonnegligible influence of index selection. The relative performances of the examined indices varied with the employed calculation periods (whole growth period and single critical stage), whereas the SPEI was generally the best performer. The SAPEI performed best in assessing the flooding impact during crop critical growth stages, in sharp contrast with its mediocre performance over the whole crop growth period. According to the results of multiple indices, flooding during the middle stages of the study crops exerted the greatest negative impact. Additionally, oilseed rape and Anhui Province were identified as the crop and the region most affected by flooding. This work can provide support for flooding disaster assessment and agricultural water management.

This study builds upon deterministic evaluations of the extensive cumulative rainfall thresholds associated with shallow landslides in the Gaoping River Basin, with a specific focus on the necessary response times during typhoon and intense rainfall events. Following the significant impact of Typhoon Morakot on the Liugui area, our investigation enhances previous research by employing a downscaled approach. We aim to establish early warning models for village-level, intermediate-scale landslide cumulative rainfall thresholds and to create action thresholds for small-scale, key landslide-prone slopes. Our inquiry not only combines various analytical models but also validates their reliability through comprehensive case studies. Comparative analysis with the empirical values set by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) and the National Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) provides a median response time of 6 h, confirming that our findings are consistent with the response time frameworks established by these institutions, thus validating their effectiveness for typhoon-related landslide alerts. The results not only highlight the reference value of applying downscaled cumulative rainfall thresholds at the village level but also emphasize the significance of the evaluated warning thresholds as viable benchmarks for early warnings in landslide disaster management during Taiwan's flood and typhoon seasons. This research offers a refined methodological approach to landslide early warning systems and provides scientific support for decision making by local governments and disaster response teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing risk of coastal flooding facing coastal communities due to climate change, coastal flood warnings (CFWs) are expected to play a critical role in the protection of people and property to ensure communities' sustainable development. However, as destructive coastal flooding hazards have caused considerable damage in recent years, the effectiveness of coastal flooding warnings could be questioned considering their objective of disaster risk reduction. Here, we deliver a review investigation of the current CFWs in the USA and Canada based on their setup and dissemination, and a case study of two representative coastal flooding events. Through this review, we found that collaboration between multi-level administration regarding CFW mechanisms has the potential to strengthen these mechanisms, improving their efficacy. We also found that CFWs presented in the media often lacked consideration of public acceptance and practicability in their reports, which may have affected the performance of these CFWs. Meanwhile, the technological limitations and uncertain public acceptance may also reduce the CFWs' effectiveness in application. Accordingly, the media should further consider the understandability of CFW-related reports. Moreover, emergency information channels should be set in both traditional media and social media for accessible use by residents with different customs. Lastly, starting from the normalized prevention of coastal flood disaster, a consensus of crisis awareness should be built with which the social aspects of the defense against coastal flooding can be established for future environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake was reported as the largest earthquake of Mw7.8, resulting in over 50,783 and 7259 deaths in Turkey and Syria, respectively. It has also damaged numerous residential buildings and other essential infrastructures, thus rendering more than 850,000 children and 356,000 pregnant women homeless, forcing them into displacement and its dire consequences, such as inadequate temporary shelters, a lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), necessary for disease prevention, health promotion and maintenance. The disaster has disproportionately affected the Syrian refugee community in Turkey as it has fuelled disparities and discrimination, exacerbating the response to the disaster and forcing refugees to return to Syria due to dire living conditions. Minimizing the effects of the disaster on the communities is therefore essential. There is a need to strengthen health system resilience and emergency response to natural disasters to reduce and prevent the aftermath. Disaster preparedness plans should include regulations that ensure that local buildings and infrastructure are disaster‐resistant. Furthermore, it is vital to highlight the importance of funding and appropriate resource allocation for disaster risk reduction. These include improving plans and logistics for recovery efforts, adequate preparation of temporary shelters and evacuation centres and allocating necessities such as food and water. Investment in proper search and rescue response, a special workforce for response and the rebuilding of important infrastructure are crucial. Finally, response to disasters must be inclusive and prioritize vulnerable populations, such as children, the aged women and refugees.

The Hutoubi Reservoir and its mainstream, Huyuan Stream, in the southern mountainous region of Taiwan, have experienced riverbed sedimentation and flood disasters for the past 150 years. In addition to climate change, it is necessary to scientifically consider its regulation for the next hundred years. This study adopted a collaborative approach, involving industry, government, and academia, using Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to enhance ecosystem services. The solution layout is constructed by widening the channel and constructing additional farm ponds and wetlands. An hydraulic simulation indicated that flood control was addressed. The restoration project would create diverse aquatic habitats by simulating and evaluating the distribution of ecological biotopes, using porous materials as revetments. It provided urban residents with forest leisure and recreational sites and supported the local agricultural and forestry products. The restoration has propagated local culture and created environmental and professional education. Therefore, ecological services are enhanced regarding regulation, support, provision, and culture. This pilot study, led by researchers, aimed to promote comprehensive management concepts considering all stakeholders and their active participation. We integrated NbS into the watershed and its river system as a pathway for facing the challenges of rapid urbanization and climate change and improving ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to provide a long-term, holistic view of disaster damage reduction research, which has been lacking, and offer a new perspective on questionnaire methods, based on a meta-level perspective on existing research. In particular, we pointed out that new insights may be gained not only from the results obtained from a single questionnaire, but also from a comprehensive view of the methods and results of multiple pieces of research. Specifically, we first discussed the importance of “benchmarking” and “baselines” for interpreting data obtained from questionnaires, focusing on the specific topic of household disaster preparedness in Japanese society. Secondly, taking up the phrase “self-help, mutual help, and public help”, we argued that in order to fully grasp the conflicts and contradictions surrounding this phrase, one needs to focus on the format of a questionnaire (the way the questions are asked) rather than the results it produces. It is also important to link questionnaire findings obtained through “averaging”, with those obtained through “limiting”, in order to comprehensively understand questionnaire results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of downhole debris flows in caving mines has burst, concealment, and destruction characteristics. This study aimed to investigate accurate prevention and control measures for downhole debris flows. The research background was a downhole debris flow in the Plan copper mine. The disaster chain theory was applied to study prevention and control methods for downhole debris flows. Using a model of source generation, chain breaking, and disaster reduction, we proposed accurate prevention and control measures for downhole debris flow disasters, which prevent and control the downhole debris flows at the source. The results showed that the disaster chain type of downhole debris flow disasters is the compound periodic cycle chain, which has the characteristics of the branch basin chain and the periodic cycle chain. Based on the chain-effect nature of disasters caused by downhole debris flows, active and passive prevention and control methods for downhole debris flow disasters were proposed. The active prevention and control measures for chain breaking and disaster reduction involve isolating the generation conditions from the source, inducing a downhole debris flow disaster. This prevention and control method is difficult to implement during the actual production process. The idea of disaster reduction through passive defensive chain breaking is based on the fact that if the three essential types of conditions for the downhole debris flow formation are not present at the same time, then a disaster accident of a downhole debris flow can be effectively prevented and controlled. Accordingly, the following measures are proposed for preventing and controlling downhole debris flows: (1) reinforcement measures applied to the slope body of the landslide material source in the collapse pit; (2) adopting comprehensive flood control measures such as locking, intercepting, dispersing, draining, and blocking under hydraulic conditions; (3) blocking the formation of the channel by adjusting the ore drawing conditions; (4) addressing the inducing factors by blasting with a small amount of explosive. According to the disaster chain theory, prevention, and control methods for downhole debris flow in caving mines were investigated in this study, which not only broadens the research of the debris flows but also fills the gap in the systematic research on downhole debris flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme persistent precipitation is becoming increasingly common globally, and persistent extreme regional precipitation events (PERPEs) pose a particularly serious threat to humans and environmental systems. This study investigated total precipitation (TP), daytime precipitation (DP), and night‐time precipitation (NP) in southwest China (SWC) during 1961–2019. The occurrence of TP, DP, and NP was analysed under the conditions of persistence over 1–5 days, temporal persistence over >2 days, and temporal nonpersistence over ≤2 days, and spatiotemporal overlap for at least 3 days (i.e., a PERPE) using the objective identification technique for regional extreme events. The results indicated the following. (a) Annual maximum daily precipitation ≥200 (100) mm in terms of TP (NP) was recorded mainly in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) and eastern parts of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP), and it occurred mostly in summer. For DP, annual maximum daily precipitation of ≥100 mm was recorded throughout SWC, and it occurred mainly in winter in the Henduan Mountains, summer in the SCB, and spring in western parts of the YGP. (b) The magnitudes of NP and DP differed for events persisting for 1–5 days. The average amount of precipitation with temporal persistence increased during 1961–2019 for TP, DP, and NP. However, the frequency of occurrence of events with temporal persistence increased more in comparison with that of events with temporal nonpersistence. Overall, the frequency of occurrence of events with temporal persistence or temporal nonpersistence in the western SCB and eastern YGP increased more for TP and NP than for DP. (c) In the study period, 22, 44, and 4 PERPEs were detected for TP, NP, and DP, respectively, occurring mainly in the SCB, indicating that TP was dominated by night‐time PERPEs. These findings improve understanding of PERPEs changes in SWC and provide scientific support for implementation of measures intended to prevent and mitigate extreme flood events and waterlogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a variety of municipal pipelines in the underground utility tunnel, and once an accident occurs, the property loss and social impact will be huge. Disaster prevention and reduction can be achieved by accurately evaluating the impact value of disasters in the operation stage of utility tunnel and quantitatively analyzing the impact range and degree of disasters. This paper analyzes the evolution process of the internal and external disaster-causing factors and the disaster evolution path in the operation stage, and establishes a disaster evaluation model based on graph theory and AHP method. Taking Tongzhou section A utility tunnel project as the background, the model was used to obtain the impact values of each disaster in the utility tunnel and determine the disaster chain that needs to be managed. The research shows that the major factors affecting the disaster value of Tongzhou section A utility tunnel are explosions, earthquakes, quality problems and design problems. A chain-broken disaster reduction in terms of hazard factors, disaster-pregnant environment and disaster-bearing bodies is proposed. The research results can provide reference for disaster prevention and reduction of utility tunnel.

The frequency of urban waterlogging is increasing significantly under the combined influence of natural factors (precipitation and terrain) and anthropogenic factors (drainage system and urbanization). Previous studies had explored the effect of landscape pattern and topography on waterlogging based on historical waterlogging events records. However, the research on current waterlogging issues based on historical records had limitations since the impact factors of waterlogging are inconsistent due to the changes of surface and meteorological conditions. This paper applied a hydrological and hydrodynamic model named InfoWorks ICM, to simulate the urban waterlogging depth (UWD). Under the consistent surface and meteorological conditions, UWD were selected as the dependent variable to analyze the influence of landscape pattern and topography on waterlogging at multiple scales. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression models were used to discover the relationship between these indices. According to the results, in terms of landscape composition, the percentages of built-up area and urban green space have the most significant influence on waterlogging. In addition, organizing average built-up area patch sizes and integrating green spaces with complex shape and high connectivity can improve the state of urban waterlogging. Besides, the rational allocation of topographic gradient is an effective measure at small scale. The adjusted R2 of regression model were 0.723 at 400 m analysis scale, 0.323 at 600 m analysis scale, and 0.193 at 800 m analysis scale, indicating that attention should be paid to scale effect in similar research. This research can provide a reference for mitigating urban waterlogging disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes frequently cause serious casualties and property loss in China. Building smart communities is an effective means of preventing damage and reducing disastrous outcomes from earthquakes. This article reports on the Chinese experience of building a smart community and the concept of smart service for preventing damage and mitigating disasters from earthquakes in Hubei province. The case study examined the Xinheyuan Smart Community, which is the first such community constructed in Hubei province, including its background development, system design and system functions. The disaster mitigation function was tested when a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurred in Yingcheng earthquake.

Despite the concrete evidence of human responsibilities with the ongoing environmental crisis, tangible changes toward low disaster-risk development models are slow in coming and delayed in implementation. This paper discusses the principles of geoethics underpinning flood risk reduction by analyzing the results of the EU project LIFE PRIMES (Preventing flooding RIsks by Making resilient communitiES). Through the administration of a questionnaire, issues of flood literacy, effective communication and individual responsibility concerning flood hazard and exposure were investigated. Directly engaging local communities, the LIFE PRIMES project appears to have increased citizens attention toward environmental ethics, thus providing an encouraging perspective for appropriate human–environment interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change scenarios project higher flood risk, so knowing how households can increase socio-ecological resilience is essential. Children rarely feature in UK policy guidance about how households prepare for floods, and research is limited about children's roles in local resilience building. Using a participatory action research, child-centred methodology we explored (7-9year old) children's knowledge, skills and dispositions in discussions about flooding, suggesting processes for effectively engaging them in Learning for Resilience (LfR). Results suggest children have existing knowledge, skills and dispositions concerning local and international flood risk originating from various sources. They displayed cross-cultural learning, embryonic systems-thinking, and understandings of theirs and others' agency, including adults' reasons for un-preparedness, revealing awareness of risk underestimation and deferral/denial of risk. The paper offers framing of a new taxonomy for young children's significant 'LfR' and seven 'top tips' to facilitate, design and implement learning strategies with children around environmental risk, in the UK and internationally, in climate change contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• The influence of meteorological index selection is nonnegligible • The standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index is generally the best performer. • Relative performances of the indices vary with calculation periods. • The crops are most vulnerable to flooding during their middle growth stages. • Oilseed rape and Anhui were the crop and region most affected by flooding. Flooding is a worldwide destructive disaster that severely restricts agricultural production. Meteorological indices are common tools for regionally assessing the impact of flooding on crop yields, but their performances are rarely compared. In this work, six convenient meteorological indices, namely, precipitation (P), standardized precipitation anomaly (PA), China Z index (CZI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and standardized antecedent precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SAPEI), were employed to establish correlations between flooding intensity and crop meteorological yield (FL-Ym correlation). Four major crops in the middle-lower reach of the Yangtze River (cotton, oilseed rape, wheat, and maize) were selected as the study crops. The results indicated that the flooding intensities quantified by the SPI, SPEI, and CZI had strong interconnections, whereas those quantified by the P and SAPEI were less related to the others. In the cases with stronger negative FL-Ym correlations, different indices were more likely to yield consistent identifications. In terms of the districts witnessing significant FL-Ym correlations, in only 26%, 41%, 44%, and 75% of them (respectively corresponding to cotton, wheat, maize, and oilseed rape), the correlations were consistently identified as significant by the majority of the indices, demonstrating the nonnegligible influence of index selection. The relative performances of the examined indices varied with the employed calculation periods (whole growth period and single critical stage), whereas the SPEI was generally the best performer. The SAPEI performed best in assessing the flooding impact during crop critical growth stages, in sharp contrast with its mediocre performance over the whole crop growth period. According to the results of multiple indices, flooding during the middle stages of the study crops exerted the greatest negative impact. Additionally, oilseed rape and Anhui Province were identified as the crop and the region most affected by flooding. This work can provide support for flooding disaster assessment and agricultural water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many parts of Europe, heavy precipitation events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Since the current state of pluvial flood protection is low, there is a need to increase public risk perception and to encourage mitigation behavior. Doing this is the goal of risk communication, which is increasingly taking place via social media. In order to assess the importance/potential of social media for risk communication in relation to heavy precipitation events, this study aims to analyze the current status quo by time series-, network- and content analysis. The current risk communication fluctuates over time; therefore, a more continuous communication is required. Warnings, originating from established stakeholders were the most common type of messages; therefore, these stakeholders are especially important for risk communication. As there is a lack of information about protective measures and behavioral recommendations on social media, a more powerful dissemination of this information is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to United Nations reports, natural disasters caused, worldwide, approximately 100,000 deaths and affected 175 million people each year between 2004 and 2013. To reduce those numbers, countries around the globe have made specific arrangements enabling them to warn the population about imminent disasters, in order to evacuate the area in due time. But providing such warnings in areas where no Internet access is available poses a great challenge. In this paper, we proposed a method to transmit early warning messages via UMTS cellular networks, while relying on spare extensions of control channels (FACH). The results obtained are validate based on their comparison with theoretical considerations and are also benchmarked against the 3GPP standard. The results show that messages may be sent faster than with the use of the 3GPP standard

Despite the concrete evidence of human responsibilities with the ongoing environmental crisis, tangible changes toward low disaster-risk development models are slow in coming and delayed in implementation. This paper discusses the principles of geoethics underpinning flood risk reduction by analyzing the results of the EU project LIFE PRIMES (Preventing flooding RIsks by Making resilient communitiES). Through the administration of a questionnaire, issues of flood literacy, effective communication and individual responsibility concerning flood hazard and exposure were investigated. Directly engaging local communities, the LIFE PRIMES project appears to have increased citizens attention toward environmental ethics, thus providing an encouraging perspective for appropriate human–environment interaction.

Social media texts spontaneously produced and uploaded by the public contain a wealth of disaster information. As a supplementary data source for remote sensing, they have played an important role in disaster reduction and emergency response in recent years. However, social media also has certain flaws, such as insufficient location information, etc. This affects the efficiency of combining these data with remote sensing data. For flood disasters in particular, extensively flooded areas limit the distribution of social media data, which makes it difficult for these data to function as they should. In this paper, we propose a disaster reduction framework to solve these problems. We first used an approach that was based on search engine and lexical rules to automatically extract disaster-related location information from social media texts. Then, we combined the extracted information with the upload location of social media itself to construct location-pointing relationships. These relationships were used to build a new social network, which can be used in combination with remote sensing images for disaster analysis. The analysis integrated the advantages of social media and remote sensing. It can not only provide macro disaster information in the study area but can also assist in evaluating the disaster situation in different flooded areas from the perspective of public observation. In addition, the timeliness of social media data also improved the continuity and situational awareness of flood monitoring. A case study of the flood disaster in the Yangtze River Basin in China in 2020 was used to verify the effectiveness of the method described in this paper.

Abstract In many regions of the world, traditional and local ecological knowledge is still important today for coping with environmental challenges. This study explored the relevance of such knowledge for predicting and coping with harsh winter conditions (dzud) in a remote area of western Mongolia, where government support to disaster-affected herders is restricted by weak infrastructure. Structured face-to-face interviews were held in 50 households (HHs), addressing aspects of livestock possession and management as well as disaster prediction and mitigation. The responses disclosed that livestock losses during the 2009/10 dzud averaged 112.4 animals per HH, equaling nearly 80% of the interviewees’ total livestock possession in summer 2013. To reduce such high losses in the future, herders planned to improve their hay-making efforts and winter pen preparation. However, they also stated that the earliest signs for a dzud occur in September, when it is already too late for substantial hay-making. Therefore, some herders underlined the necessity of maintaining livestock productivity through segregated summer grazing of specific animal groups, controlled mating and early sale of weak livestock. Animals are then entering a harsh winter in good body condition. National and international organizations wishing to support livestock keepers in this and similar regions should therefore highlight the relevance of local strategies for disaster prevention and support community-based approaches that can compensate for the prevalent lack of family labour.

According to United Nations reports, natural disasters caused, worldwide, approximately 100,000 deaths and affected 175 million people each year between 2004 and 2013. To reduce those numbers, countries around the globe have made specific arrangements enabling them to warn the population about imminent disasters, in order to evacuate the area in due time. But providing such warnings in areas where no Internet access is available poses a great challenge. In this paper, we proposed a method to transmit early warning messages via UMTS cellular networks, while relying on spare extensions of control channels (FACH). The results obtained are validate based on their comparison with theoretical considerations and are also benchmarked against the 3GPP standard. The results show that messages may be sent faster than with the use of the 3GPP standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of traditional houses in Banda Aceh has been extinguished in modern times. With globalization's impact, the traditional house connotates as 'old house style,' and thus, the house style is not up to date. A large number of house owners demolish them and reconstruct them with new modern houses. Despite that, it is approved that the traditional houses of Aceh were survived the earthquake that frequently hit the region. As Banda Aceh is one of the regions resided on Sumatran's segment, the region has a large number of earthquakes. This paper, which is part of the previous study on the thermal comfort of traditional and modern houses in Aceh, explores a historical architectural example that reveals local experiences that involve local wisdom and expertise. This paper focuses on a traditional house located in a modern housing neighborhood in Banda Aceh city. In doing this, the paper identifies how Acehnese ancestors, through their local knowledge, have constructed a traditional Acehnese house. The article also shows how its architectural form's construction techniques respond to the region's geographical condition. In constructing this study, interview and observation toward the building as primary data collections are conducted. Also, several written sources, as secondary data, related to an Acehnese traditional house, are reviewed. This paper shows that constructing a conventional house is a responsive architecture toward hot climate and earthquake. Therefore, this architectural building type with the local wisdom value's involvement is worthy of being applied and adapted in modern life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The construction of disaster reduction system plays an important role in scientific disaster prevention and reduction. Considering that the monolith architecture is difficult to meet the requirements of current disaster prevention and reduction, this paper designs an integrated disaster reduction intelligent service system framework that combines the micro-service architecture and middle platform concept together. Methods: Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of the micro-service architecture, middle platform concept, as well as the concept and demand of comprehensive integrated disaster reduction intelligent service system, the advantages of using middle platform and micro-service architecture to build the disaster reduction system are summarized, which are high scalability, high fault tolerance, high cohesion, low coupling and so on. Secondly, a system architecture is designed based on middle platform concept. The system architecture is divided into 4 layers which are application system layer, middle platform layer, micro-service layer, and infrastructure layer. We detail the modules and functions of the middle platform, which can improve the development efficiency, reusability, responsiveness and stability of system. Then the implementation path of system based on micro-service architecture is introduced. Results: By implying the above architecture, a geographic information service platform for emergencies in Tibet Autonomous Region is build. The construction path and the main function of the system is introduced, it can not only provide basic functions such as map calculation, query, point of interest(POI) selection, but also provide emergency analysis models including path analysis, shelter location analysis, hazardous area analysis and so on, in addition, a portable system based on mobile phone is also established, which can provide basis browsing, comprehensive information query, emergency thematic information service and so on. Conclusions: The integrated disaster reduction intelligent service system is designed with the micro-service and the concept of middle platform, and by utilizing the proposed framework, this paper realizes the construction of the geographic information service platform for emergencies in Tibet Autonomous Region, which makes the constructing of disaster reduction system more efficient, flexible and practical, and this paper can partly provide reference for the construction of disaster reduction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The knowledge graph is an important tool for revealing entities and the relationships between them. The role of knowledge graph in integrated disaster reduction is becoming increasingly prominent. We summarized the knowledge graph construction method and application for integrated disaster reduction. Methods: Firstly, the concepts of knowledge graph and the application of knowledge graph in disaster reduction is introduced. The knowledge graph can realize the rapid aggregation of multi-source heterogeneous data in the integrated and comprehensive disaster reduction, and organize the data of the relevant departments in an orderly manner. The knowledge graph can establish relationships between social fields related to emergency rescue, and reveal cross-network relationships between different fields, different social entities, and entities and data resources and disaster events. Knowledge graphs can more efficiently extract and utilize time-sensitive and information-intensive Internet and social media data.Secondly, the knowledge graph construction process and key technologies for integrated disaster reduction are summarized. Specifically, the knowledge graph construction process includes process multi-source heterogeneous data, extracting entities and relationships from the data according to the application scenario,fusing various types of know- ledge, and finally modeling knowledge graph and store it in the knowledge base. The key technologies mainly include knowledge extraction,information fusion,knowledge graph building,and knowledge storage. Results: The knowledge graph has established the connection between the user and the required information, and personalized information can be pushed to three types of users based on the knowledge graph. The main users of the system include three categories, namely emergency management users, public users and emergency rescue users. Conclusions: The knowledge graph has the advantage of gathering multi-source heterogeneous data, displaying rich disaster related information, pushing personalized information. The degree of automation of knowledge graph construction in the field of emergency disaster reduction is insufficient. Massive structured and unstructured data brings challenges to the storage and rapid construction of knowledge graphs. In the field of disaster reduction and emergency response, how to effectively and uniformly manage various types of earthquake information in practical applications, improve the prediction accuracy of disaster development trends, and discover the temporal and spatial patterns, evolution laws, activity patterns and internal mechanisms of disasters still need to be further expanded and deepened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abnormal change in the global climate has increased the chance of urban rainstorm disasters, which greatly threatens people’s daily lives, especially public travel. Timely and effective disaster data sources and analysis methods are essential for disaster reduction. With the popularity of mobile devices and the development of network facilities, social media has attracted widespread attention as a new source of disaster data. The characteristics of rich disaster information, near real-time transmission channels, and low-cost data production have been favored by many researchers. These researchers have used different methods to study disaster reduction based on the different dimensions of information contained in social media, including time, location and content. However, current research is not sufficient and rarely combines specific road condition information with public emotional information to detect traffic impact areas and assess the spatiotemporal influence of these areas. Thus, in this paper, we used various methods, including natural language processing and deep learning, to extract the fine-grained road condition information and public emotional information contained in social media text to comprehensively detect and analyze traffic impact areas during a rainstorm disaster. Furthermore, we proposed a model to evaluate the spatiotemporal influence of these detected traffic impact areas. The heavy rainstorm event in Beijing, China, in 2018 was selected as a case study to verify the validity of the disaster reduction method proposed in this paper.