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Copyright of Economic Researcher Review is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The war ongoing in Ukraine since early 2014, and especially the full-scale Russian invasion from February 24, 2022, has led to destruction on a colossal scale. According to the World Bank, post-war reconstruction in Ukraine will require at least 486 billion USD. Attracting such an amount is impossible without private investments, philanthropic funds, and various foundations. The EU is striving to attract investments to Ukraine now, without waiting for the end of the war. Thus, creating a favorable investment climate and, accordingly, enhancing Ukraine's investment attractiveness are exceptionally urgent tasks. Without addressing these, the country's recovery is nearly impossible. This article aims to analyze the investment attractiveness of Ukraine under the conditions of a prolonged war (2014-2023). It examines the dynamics of the investment attractiveness index and the evaluation of Ukraine's investment climate by both international and domestic investors throughout the years of the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014-2023); it identifies positive and negative factors that have influenced and continue to influence the investment climate throughout this period; and it reveals the dynamic trends in the volumes of direct foreign and capital investments injected into the state's economy over the last decade. It was found that during the years 2014-2023, Ukraine's investment attractiveness index never reached a positive zone - above 4 points, constantly remaining in the negative zone - below 3 points. Only in the years 2017-2018 did the index reach a neutral zone, slightly exceeding 3 points. Overall, it can be said that negative factors predominated in shaping the investment climate in Ukraine during 2014-2023, resulting in its unfavorable assessment by both international and domestic investors. The main obstacles for investors have been the ongoing war since 2014 and associated risks, high levels of corruption, the shadow economy, shadow employment, and illegal business activities, a high level of oligarchization of power and bureaucratization of business processes, a weak judicial system, financial instability, high tax and administrative pressure on businesses, low purchasing power of the population, political instability, slowness and low effectiveness of reforms, and the absence of effective legislation to support and protect investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the foreign direct investment (FDI) in the capital of Russian companies in the regional context. The subject of the research is the problem of collecting and unification of the information on attracted investment volumes for subsequent macroeconomic analysis. Within the framework of the study, the authors used such general scientific methods as systematization, induction and deduction, synthesis, as well as structuraldynamic and other types of analysis. The problems of attracting FDI in the economy and their uniform distribution across the regions of the Russian Federation currently remain relevant, and the structure of incoming FDI is highly deformed with a pronounced concentration of most of them in a limited range of regions with a strong geographic and sectoral uneven distribution. The results of the study, which have theoretical and applied significance, can be used for the investment attractiveness of Russian regions.

The paper is devoted to the research of foreign direct investment accounting in the capital of Russian companies, identifies the similarities and differences in approaches to identifying direct investments in accordance with international and domestic legal norms, detects the problems of inward foreign direct investment accounting and in statistical reports. The subject of the study is the problems of theory and practice of foreign direct investment accounting. The research is based on general scientific principles and research methods: systematization, induction and deduction, synthesis and analysis. Correct identification of direct foreign investments in accounts and reliable disclosure of the accounting information and statistical reporting, at present, causes difficulties for economic entities. The solution to these problems is available through the implementation of the professional judgment of the accountant. The work results having theoretical and applied significance, can be used as a basis for the development of a company’s accounting policy.

Direct foreign investments (DFI) reflect an important characteristic in the development of the world economy, representing the main external funding source for any type of economy, both developed and less developed. These are considered stable motors of the economic growth, as they are based on the long-term relation between the investors and the concerned countries, increasing the flow of foreign investments and thus becoming a target pursued by any government. The objective of this article is the analysis of DFI, the relations between them, the benefits it brings to the economy, the impact of the main macroeconomic indicators on the economic growth with accent on DFI and last, but not least, of the effect that it may have on the economy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this paper is to form a new approach to provision of quality of entrepreneurship's products, which is based on financial management and the idea of company's large interest in increasing product quality for the formation of sustainable, long-term, and unique competitive advantages in the target market, which cannot be achieved by means of marketing or prices. This approach is oriented at a progressive society, in which living standards are differentiated but allow consumers to accept higher price due to higher product quality, and marketing effects are limited due to higher level of awareness and responsibility of consumers. Originality of this work is due to the following advantages as compared to the competing studies. Firstly, the structure of quality is specified: the commercial and non-commercial components are distinguished. The indicators of official statistics with which the both components of quality could be measured quantitatively are determined. Secondly, the level of socio-economic development of countries and its influence on preference for financing and the created positive effects for product quality in entrepreneurship are determined. Thirdly, the differences are determined and the preference for sources of financial provision of quality in entrepreneurship is substantiates - state financing of innovations and direct foreign investments. Fourthly, the methodological recommendations on financial management of product quality in entrepreneurship depending on consumers' priorities are offered.

Multimodality of the world tourism development stimulates rather asynchronous dynamics of transnationalization in the regions worldwide. It has also contributed to the formation of rather complex system in global production of tourism services. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of transnationalization processes in various countries of the world during different historical periods. The main research method was empirical, with the help to analyze the generations of transnational corporations. It was concluded that the current stage in transnationalization of tourism business demonstrates that the leading role already belongs to the tour operators which are financially most stable.

The article is aimed at studying the status and dynamics of the FDI flows into the industry of Ukraine for the period of 2015–2019, taking into account the reinvested income of foreign investors. The methodological approaches to statistical account of foreign direct investments that meet international standards and recommendations of the International Monetary Fund are considered. The essence and content of the reinvested incomes as an economic category and a key component of foreign direct investment are defined. The analysis of statistical reports on the structure and dynamics of foreign direct investment into the industrial sector of Ukraine for 2005–2015 is analyzed. It is found that the sectoral distribution of investment resources is focused on the low-tech branches of the raw-material extractive industry and does not meet the needs of structural and technological modernization of production. The author defines the industries with a significant seizures of foreign capital in the form of reinvested income, which indicates low efficiency of doing business and requires special attention. Stopping the outflow of funds from the major industries of Ukraine and attracting new real investors is possible through the improvement of the State policy aimed at normalizing the investment climate, renewing the industrial economy and promoting innovative transformations. Prospects for further research in this direction are determining the relationship between the reinvested incomes and financial results of enterprises in the industrial sectors of Ukraine.

The purpose of this paper is to form a new approach to provision of quality of entrepreneurship’s products, which is based on financial management and the idea of company’s large interest in increasing product quality for the formation of sustainable, long-term, and unique competitive advantages in the target market, which cannot be achieved by means of marketing or prices. This approach is oriented at a progressive society, in which living standards are differentiated but allow consumers to accept higher price due to higher product quality, and marketing effects are limited due to higher level of awareness and responsibility of consumers. Originality of this work is due to the following advantages as compared to the competing studies. Firstly, the structure of quality is specified: the commercial and noncommercial components are distinguished. The indicators of official statistics with which the both components of quality could be measured quantitatively are determined. Secondly, the level of socio-economic development of countries and its influence on preference for financing and the created positive effects for product quality in entrepreneurship are determined. Thirdly, the differences are determined and the preference for sources of financial provision of quality in entrepreneurship is substantiates – state financing of innovations and direct foreign investments. Fourthly, the methodological recommendations on financial management of product quality in entrepreneurship depending on consumers’ priorities are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakhstan is the leader in attraction of foreign investments among is central the Asian countries. Today multinational corporations – the main tool in business expansion internationally. This article is devoted to studying of activity of the main participants of process of globalization of economy – mul-tinational corporations in Kazakhstan. Authors considered the main directions and volumes of streams of direct foreign investments to the country in recent years. Key indicators of PII in the country and the prospects of development are defined. In article major factors of attraction of direct foreign invest-ments are studied. The review of scientific literature on the factors defining inflow of direct foreign investments to Kazakhstan is made. Results showed that, despite existence of various motives in adop-tion of investment decisions by multinational corporations, direct foreign investments to Kazakhstan are generally sent to the raw sector of economy. In article the analysis of inflow of direct foreign invest-ments in a section from 2014 to 2019, is carried out to priority sectors of economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan which mining industry, processing industry, professionally scientific and technical activity and innovative development are. In work questions of investment into priority sectors of economy of RK were investigated. Analytical also statistical methods, a dialectic method of knowledge and obser-vation formed a methodological basis of a research. The main volume of foreign investments still goes to the spheres which are not demanding large-scale investments and characterized by fast payback. Thus, drawing a conclusion on a research of trends of functioning, outflow and inflow of direct foreign investments on priority sectors of economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in industry structure of investments, the main share is occupied by the mining industry, and the oil and gas industries still are on one of the first places on the level of the involved investments. Such industries as construction and manufacturing industry receive the smallest number of foreign investments. Article has the scientific value and novelty of a research where relevance of work is application of an integrated approach to a research of the international investment activities and a role transnational corporation, in identification of the internal and external regularities defining the direction and dynamics of investment activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The prospects and problems of direct foreign investment as a very important factor in the development of the Ukrainian economy are determined in this paper. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the most desirable form of investment, because it enables to implement large projects; in addition the country receives new technologies, new corporate governance practices, etc. Over the past years, according to the policy of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine conserning capital raising in various spheres of the economy, numerous negotiations with major investors regarding their affiliates opening on the state's territory are directed. As a result, such actions result in changes only in certain spheres of the economy, but do not affect the overall investment climate in the country. For global changes in this area, it is necessary to change conditions and factors influencing the investment subjects. The highest level of investment in the economy of our country was observed in 2013 and amounted 4.5 billion US dollars. Unfortunately, after the outbreak of hostilities, the amount of investments dropped sharply to 0.4 billion US dollars in 2014 and 3.07 billion in 2019. Therefore at present the government should make great efforts to increase the level of confidence of potential investors. However, the structure of past investments did not contribute to balanced development or structural modernization of economy (exports of high-tech products in 2019 amounted to 7.2% of the country’s industrial exports). Authoritative financial institutions such as the World Bank, Rating and Investment Information, Inc., McGraw-Hill, analyzing the investment environment in Ukraine, declare that the main obstacles of this area improvement are: high level of bureaucracy of processes (such as registration of new enterprises and registration of necessary documents for its activity), high level of corruption, imperfection of legislation and complexity of property interests protection of enterprises in courts. As a result, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2015 adopted the plan regarding the implementation of the best practices for high-quality and efficient regulation reflected by the World Bank Group in Doing Business rating methodology. Here the priority development areas, including agricultural sector, transport infrastructure, light manufacturing and IT industry are also identified. The assumptions of the ministry are confirmed by the data of the association`s research, according to which the IT sphere in Ukraine steadily grows by 11–26% each year. Regardless of the general state of economy, and the volume of this industry exports amounted $ 4.5 billion US dollars in 2019. The result of the state investment plan is also the announcement of two major airlines about their intention to invest $ 4 billion in the Ukrainian economy, which exceeds the total volume of direct investments in the previous year. The importance and necessity of the investment climate improvement are analyzed and presented and recommendations for improving the investment quality are developed in this paper. The negative influence of both economic and non-economic characters concerning the attraction of FDI to the domestic economy is defined as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development is an aspiration for every country in the world including Kosovo. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a very important role in the economic development of Kosovo which is in the process of transition. For Kosovo, it is essential to have an accelerated pace of economic growth, lower unemployment, higher quality of life, lower demographic migration and lower poverty rates, thus attracting FDI has a direct and very important role to play. Although Kosovo has a large number of advantages for attracting foreign investment, there are also a number of challenges or disadvantages that are very evident which negatively impact on current and potential investors in the future. Based on the data analysis, the overall trend of FDI has declined in recent years, therefore it is very important for Kosovo to develop further steps to improve the business climate in Kosovo and attract foreign investments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of FDI in Kosovo 2008-2019, to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of doing business in Kosovo, to identify where Kosovo stands in terms of doing business and what is new for Kosovo in a way that improve the business environment and attract foreign investment. To achieve this goal of comparative analysis and identification, the integrative review method was used. Key words: Republic of Kosovo, Direct Foreign investments, Business environment, Economic Development, Doing Business.

Multimodality of the world tourism development stimulates rather asynchronous dynamics of transnationalization in the regions worldwide. It has also contributed to the formation of rather complex system in global production of tourism services. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of transnationalization processes in various countries of the world during different historical periods. The main research method was empirical, with the help to analyze the generations of transnational corporations. It was concluded that the current stage in transnationalization of tourism business demonstrates that the leading role already belongs to the tour operators which are financially most stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the possibility of joining the Russian and Chinese integration initiatives on the EEU space from the side of business-actors. The author stresses the necessity for a wider type of analysis, which would not be limited by such narrow research object as perspectives of the so-called Silk Road Economic Belt. The study is based on the statistic analysis of the partnerstates foreign trade and official information, as well as expert evaluation of the investments` scale and structure. Besides, the author collected data about the direct investment provided by Chinese and Russian TNC in order to support the EEU member-states (directly or via third states). The significant part of the article is dedicated to the issues of competition between the Chinese and Russian TNC in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and possibilities of the fruitful cooperation between those businesses in Central Asia. The author also sheds light on the growing impact of the Chinese business in Belarus and Armenia, where Russian firms are the most powerful foreign economic actors, what, nevertheless, does not re duce the significant impact of the Western European and other TNC. Those considerations are followed by the author`s examination of the limitation of the ChinaRussia business partnership in Russia itself; the author also presents an original comparative analysis of the Chinese direct investments in Russia and vice versa. Finally, the author attempts to verify the hypothesis about the positive perspectives of the Russia-China economic partnership outside of the post-soviet space. The author claims that the lack of such a cooperation between Russian and Chinese TNCs in Africa or Latin America illustrates the power of political limiting factors, rather than the absence of mutual interest of the parties.

The primary purpose of our research is determination of essence of concept «process of internationalization» international business; forming of structure of international business and selection of basic forms of its functioning; research of tool of integration processes which stipulate globalization of the world economy; determination of basic levers of bringing in of direct foreign investments in the Ukrainian national economy. The methodological base of research was made scientific works of Ukrainia and foreign scientists and leading specialists, statistical and analytical materials of international organizations. In the process of research were used mathematical, analytical and abstractly- logical methods. Results. International business, in the wide understanding of this category, it is possible to examine as an enterprise which is carried out within the limits of world economy. Concrete essence of this concept is examined as any operation which is conducted contractors two or more countries. International business is based on possibility of receipt of advantages (economic or technological). The included of firm in international business is characterized a step to development. As a rule, this process is begun with simply-shaped of ordinary foreign trade and to the extent of development arrives at a higher form – MNC. International business is carried out in defenite forms. Among them will name such: export-import of commodities and services; co-operation in industry of scientific and technical, production, sale and service activity; investment activity; general enterprise; transnational corporations. In modern terms the role of international investment activity as forms of international business grew notedly. Activation of investment activity is the certificate of development of enterprise and positively influences on growth of his socio-economic role in society. The analysis of dynamics of process of the direct investing of the Ukrainian economy testifies that by comparison to 2013-2014, in 2015 its level went down considerably. It is explained an unstable political situation in Ukraine. Modern progress of international business trends objectively require development of the new going near his organization of conduct. Support of competitiveness of companies in the modern world largely depends on speed of exchange information and speeds of making decision. Practical implications. The gotten results could be used in scientific and- analytical researches of processes of internationalization, integration and globalization of the world economy. Perspective directions of research, in our view, there is forming of methodology of estimation of degree of integrating of the national economic system in the globalization process.

The article focuses on the problems of investment cooperation between the EurAsEC countries caused by informal restrictions on the movement of capital. An analysis of investment activities of foreign companies in the markets of these countries allows to reveal at least seven types of informal constraints (introduced under the influence of various factors) which impact on the interaction between recipients and donors of capital. In this context, the author evaluates the prospects of creating conditions for the free movement of capital within the EurAsEC and proposes measures to remove barriers to foreign investment. It is noted that irrational bureaucratic management is another barrier to foreign investment and it is often mentioned by entrepreneurs as one of the main investment risks. The negative impact of bureaucracy on the company's work can take on various forms: from incompetence in making decisions to direct intervention in business processes. Also, a very common practice in business is changing “the rules of the game”. For example, before signing investment agreements, foreign companies count to obtain benefits and preferences which can be eliminated later, in the process of project implementation. In this case, low predictability of decisions and actions of the authorities acts as an informal barrier to investment.

The article provides the concepts of both the transnational and the multinational corporations. The main types of transnational companies have been defined and characterized. A retrospective of development of the transnational structures has been carried out considering the multinational, global and specific marketing strategies of the production-commercial activities of companies at different stages of formation. The main benefits for globalization of companies have been defined. The level of the global investment flows has been provided. A top-ten of the leading transnational companies according to the Global Fortune 500 has been allocated, the quantitative changes in the geographical structure of the leaders as to the home countries have been determined. The degree of influence of the transnational structures on the world level of scientific, technological developments, as well as commercializing the market for high-tech products has been defined. The objectives of creating the strategic transnational alliances have been determined.

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The technique of the statistical analysis of investment appeal of the region is given in scientific article for direct foreign investments. Definition of a technique of the statistical analysis is given, analysis stages reveal, the mathematico-statistical tools are considered.

The subject of research is to study the features attraction of foreign investments in Ukraine’s economy. The purpose of research is to analyze the attraction of foreign investments in Ukraine’s economy based on statistics for past years; to define the actual problems of hindering effective attraction of foreign investments and their dependence from any factors; to consider decision of the most important problems; to determine the positive aspects of foreign investments to Ukraine and the world economy; to propose measures of the investment development activities in Ukraine. The results of work are to develop scientific-substantiated recommendations, methods and conclusions, which are directed to define the actual problems of hindering effective attraction of foreign investments in Ukraine’s economy. The measures of the investment development activities in Ukraine are propounded. Practical implications. The actual problems of the foreign coming investments are studied and basic ways their decisions are propounded. The practical recommendations to improve the investment attractiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined. Conclusions. As a result of research was determined that the features attraction of foreign investments in Ukraine to form the modern global space is the orientation on a domestic consumer, to invest the companies with higher profitability and a fast payback period. Today, the actual problems of attraction foreign investments are: political and legislative instability, deficiency of reliable guarantees defense in changes legislation of Ukraine, significant tax and administrative pressure, high levels of corruption and bureaucracy, a significant level of inflation in Ukraine and the complexity of registration, licensing and custom processes. The main ways of solving these problems may be: creating the institution systems and mechanisms that improve the activities of investors in Ukraine and implement the coordinated information-marketing policy that will significantly improve the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the world.

The economic theories consider the investments as one of the major factors of economic growth. Economic growth represents a complex process of increasing the dimensions of the national economy, based on the collective use of increasingly efficient production factors, dimensions expressed by the size of gross domestic product and national income per capita.

The tendencies of input of direct foreign investments at the present stage of development of world economy have been researched in this article. It was figured out that after world economy passed over recession of 2007–2012 the main countries that receive foreign direct investment are developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Decline of the share of developed countries in inflow of direct foreign investments is caused by capital surplus in the markets of these countries and by reduction of profitability of direct foreign investments. It was figured out that multinational corporations carry out considerable influence on redistribution of financial resources in the world that is provided with movement of the capitals among the countries by intra corporate channels of multinational corporations. Author’s position concerning the directions of the further movement of financial resources in the world economy, according to developing countries and countries with economies in transition of East Asian and African regions, has been grounded. The reason of it is the high capacity of the markets of these countries and rapid rates of their economic development that form favorable investment climate.

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial Space is the property of Cherkasy Institute of Banking, University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is to consider opportunities for promoting investment processes and investment climate at the regional level. Research methodology. In the research process have been used calculation and analytical methods in order to evaluate the level of region development and reveal the experience of its investment activity. Research results. An analysis of the experience of investment activity has shown the greatest interest of foreign investors in those countries and regions where local investors show significant activity. In Zakarpattia region there is a small number of agricultural enterprises with foreign investments, the share of which is only 1.5% of their total number. There is remained an important problem issue of the allocation of foreign investment resources in the region, which is characterized by great unevenness. Elements of scientific novelty. There has been determined that in the investment attraction in the Ukrainian regions an important role should be played by the assistance and support policy at the regional level. This must be considered as a manifestation of political wiliness and implementation of real measures by representatives of local government authorities in support of investor's interests, local preferences in the infrastructure provision of investment processes, particularly financial, technological, informational, etc. Practical significance. Nowadays in Europe there is a strong interest in new emerging markets, in particular the economies of developing countries, taking into account their growing promising. Investors consider an economic freedom of the market subjects and conditions' transparency of economic activity as decisive factors for making their own decisions. In Ukraine, the support policy of promoting investment processes has not reached the appropriate level yet, in particular there has been remained a problem of limited impact of local self-government authorities. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereign debt crisis in the euro area countries , yet amplifies a number of vulnerabilities in the ability of European economic integration to overcome the crisis and resume growth the effect unfavorable to Romania whose economy depends to a large proportion of over 70 % of exports and imports in the EU27 countries . In the crisis year 2012, when GDP fell by exports increased , so has recovered downturn caused by the crisis in 2009, the new 17% achieving a surplus , which is a proof to the fact that short-term relationship between GDP and exports is not relevant . The importance of the subject of FDI targeting their origin, in the alternative ‘s effects , and that since the streams have become important – it is the affirmation of multinational companies as influential in the contemporary world . Today’s Study on FDI practically merges with that of multinational corporations and World Economics macro assessments are completed leaving microeconomic considerations , legal , managerial , administrative and even psychological . Article highlights the influence of FDI on economic growth in Romania , the trend of imports , exports , respectively.

The main charasteristic of the European economy over the past few decades was the increase of integration process between countries, which was often called process of globalization. This has occurred in two directions: through trade of goods and services, as well as international mobility of capital, and through production or creating new value added within international production system of transnational companies. Activities of transnational companies - as traders, investors, bearers of technology transfer and causers of mobility of people - have the very qualitative impact on European economy, within the wider process of globalization. Transition countries, especially those from Central Europe, attracted the significant inflow of foreign direct investments, so it is useful to discuss about the impact of FDI on transformation process of these countries from central-planned to market oriented economies. For that reason, the purpose of this article is to show what is the role of transnational corporations in restructuring transition economies and changing their export's structures, so it can be possible to use some solutions and experiences in the domestic economy.

The article considers main processes of trans-nationalisation of Ukrainian economy, identifies specific features of trans-national production and explains some theoretical aspects of these issues. It provides main stages of theoretical comprehension of activity of trans-national corporations (TNC), specific features of the theory of competitive advantages of TNC and specifies the basic ones of them. The article conducts analysis of flows of direct foreign investments into the Ukrainian economy. It shows distribution of direct foreign investments into Ukraine by main countries-investors, regions-recipients and types of economic activity. It conducts review and analysis of the modern state of trans-national corporations of foreign origin in the Ukrainian market. It considers functioning of domestic TNC in Ukraine and main tendencies of entering of Ukrainian companies into the world environment and also identifies directions of further development of these phenomena. Prospects of further studies in this direction are identification of the degree of trans-nationalisation processes in the Ukrainian economy and identification of the positive effect, in particular, synergy from integration and globalisation.

This work is an attempt of the authors to find an answer to the title. If we managed, or not, if we raised more questions then we managed to find answers, its up to you, readers or listeners, to decide. Why this question remains and why we can't say if we found or not an answer, is because for all analysts, including for the deciders that hold the destiny of romaninan economy, the path that it follows remains unknown. As we romanians like to trick, it may be in our style, because concealing the path gives you the posibility to claim, in any situation, that in fact you are on the right one.

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article generalises main directions of state regulation of the agrarian sector of economy, identifies and groups main methods of regulation of investment processes in China; considers sources of investments in agricultural production of China in accordance with the current regulatory and legislative mechanism; analyses main reasons of significant direct foreign investments into economy of China; justifies expediency of use of positive experience of China in regulation of investment processes in Ukraine; provides main directions of improvement of the policy of investing into agro-business in Ukraine.В данной статье автором обобщены основные направления государственного регулирования аграрного сектора экономики, определены и сгруппированы основные методы регулирования инвестиционных процессов в Китае; рассмотрены источники инвестиций в сельскохозяйственном производстве Китая в соответствии с действующим нормативно-правовым механизмом; проанализированы основные причины значительных прямых иностранных инвестиций в экономику Китая; обоснована целесообразность использования положительного опыта Китая в регулировании инвестиционных процессов в Украине; приведены основные направления улучшения политики инвестирования агробизнеса в Украине.

In this article the fundamental importance of the investment sphere, forming of factors of production and defining the competitiveness of the national economy, as well as some of the problems of evaluation of the level of investment made in the national economy, the problems of attracting foreign direct investment, as the most important conditions for sustainable growth of the national economies. The special attention in the article is paid to the methods of factor analysis of the investment climate, as well as the General trends of changes in the business environment, as basic conditions for improving the level of investment activity of the national economy.

In this article the fundamental importance of the investment sphere, forming of factors of production and defining the competitiveness of the national economy, as well as some of the problems of evaluation of the level of investment made in the national economy, the problems of attracting foreign direct investment, as the most important conditions for sustainable growth of the national economies. The special attention in the article is paid to the methods of factor analysis of the investment climate, as well as the General trends of changes in the business environment, as basic conditions for improving the level of investment activity of the national economy.

Structural and Cohesion Funds (SCF) are financial instruments through which the EU acts to eliminate economic and social disparities between regions, in order to achieve economic and social cohesion.EU coming funds which are reflected in the balance of payments were analyzed, both in terms of development and structure, highlighting their importance in the development of our country.

Between the obligation of carrying out their mission to ensure the quality development of higher education and the right to function as important centers where knowledge is taken, developed and transmitted, this paper will examine the technological developments of university libraries as an important part of higher education. Digital and electronic experiences applied in Albanian universities libraries will be brought to the attention of the public. This paper is based on the questionnaire survey conducted at public university libraries in Albania. Opinions of librarians regarding ICT application were elicited using a structured questionnaire, followed up with interviews. In the case of non-response by libraries is consulted their official web sites to have a more complete information. In addition, secondary sources were consulted as domestic and foreign literature in this field. Results show that: 1) the level of application information technology in public university libraries in Albania is acceptable. The most important and serious problem is the lack of the unique University Library ICT Policy; 2) serious handicap is the lack of educated librarians in using information technology; 3) the proportion of university library activity goes more digital, so the digital collection becomes reality in the public university libraries. This paper brings conclusions that contribute to: a) national information communication technology policy for university libraries and b) the creation of an integrated system for management and transmission of knowledge at the national level for all Albanian university libraries.

Slovak Republic, likewise other member states of the European Union, has beenexperiencing problems with the inter-regional differences for long time. These aremanifested in different forms (economic, social, environmental and others). Diversemacroeconomic regional indicators are used to express and quantificate the inter-regionaldifferences. Among traditionally used and by experts acknowledged quantities ofmeasurement of the inter-regional differences belong for example a gross domestic product(from diverse viewpoint and specification), labor market indicators, e.g. employment andunemployment rates, demographic development indicators, indicators assessingenvironment condition or standard of life, as well as the indicators quantifying theinvestments condition and development (domestic or foreign) that flow into the objectterritory since we consider them an important factor and precondition of growth anddevelopment of the state as a whole, as well as its individual regions.The present contribution deals with an issue of the inter-regional differences formulationand measurement in the Slovak Republic on a NUTS 3 regions examination level (from anuniform system of the territorial units classification viewpoint), it means the autonomousdistricts (from a territorial-administrative order of Slovak Republic viewpoint), from directforeign investments‘ point of view.In the contribution there are theoretically defined basic concepts with which we operate,a specified methodological procedure for the inter-regional differences formulation andmeasurement, a direct foreign investments condition analysis from 1997 to 2007(development of the direct foreign investments during above period in all autonomousdistricts were subjected to a statistical examination) as well as statistical testing that willreveal a convergence (meaning a moderation/decrease) or a divergence (meaninga deepening) of the inter-regional disparities on the NUTS 3 level. In addition to anabsolute formulation of the direct foreign investments condition we also quantify them ina relative proportional formulation (meaning a particular region’s share on an overall directforeign investments flowing to Slovakia).This contribution is a partial issue of the project VEGA 1/1010/11 “Theoreticmethodologicalbasis of planning in terms of territorial self-governments in SR”.

The direct foreign investments are related to the real investments and represent an investments undertaking in an economical object or in a services activity, which functions on the territory of another country. The resources for the direct investments can materialize in material or un-material assets, and offer the right or direct control over the economical agent where the investment was made.

The article studies the modern conceptions and models technological innovation management, which are used nowadays in various innovative-technological systems (Germany, Great Britain, China); the present proposition of the concepts and models, as well as their application for Russia.

A comparison of China's socio-economic development during 2001-2003 is made, after its entry into the WTO, with the forecasts made before the entry by the following indicators: volume and structure of foreign trade, volume and structure of foreign investments in China's economy and volume of Chinese investments abroad, the condition of individual economic branches, well-being of the population, unemployment. Economic indicators of individual provinces are considered

Küreselleşmenin hız kazandığı21.yüzyıl bilgi çağında, ekonomik, politik, gelir düzeyleri ve sosyal yapılarıbirbirinden farklılık gösteren ülkeler, daha hızlıbüyüme ve kalkınma çabasıiçine girmişlerdir. Gelişmişülkelerin sanayileşmesine paralel olarak geliştirdikleri teknoloji ve sermaye oluşumu, ulusal sınırlar dışına çıkmış, üretim, yönetim ve pazarlama yönünden uluslararasıyapıya kavuşmuştur. Gelişmişülkeler arasında oluşan bu yapı, bu ülkeleri yeni Pazar arayışlarına yöneltmiştir. Bu ülkelerden bazılarının hammadde, işgücü gibi çeşitli yabancıkaynaklara bağımlıolmalarıda yabancısermaye yatırımıgerçekleştiren ülkelerin, bu ülkelerdeki faaliyetlerinin gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu makalede öncelikle doğrudan yabancıyatırımlar hakkında bilgi verilmişve daha sonra da konu ile ilgili yapılmışbir uygulama çalışmasının detayları sunulmuştur.

In the current international economic relations, the research is devoted to the relevant problem of modern Russian economy, namely the article considers the problems of attracting foreign investment, the fall of the ruble and fears of foreign investors in investing their capital in the Russian economy. The relevance of the research of the problem of attracting foreign capital is determined by the need to improve the economy by strengthening its investment base. Socio-economic and political development in Russia at the present stage is aimed at shaping the developed open market economy. At the same time, the most important condition for attracting foreign investment in our country is the creation of favorable investment attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the work considers the key problems existing in the Georgian economy, the possibility to achieve high growth in economy, taxation reform and the measures that should be held from the inner investments promotion standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of investments within the economic growth process is a phenomenon pertaining to the scientific proofs. The modern growth theories designate the development process in which knowledge is the main internal factor, while the economic development process is the result of the final production growth, accompanied by the quantity growth and information quality. In the spirit of this theory, the human capital, technologies and information become pertinent elements of the sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]