Search

Whether single-molecule trajectories, observed experimentally or in molecular simulations, can be described using simple models such as biased diffusion is a subject of considerable debate. Memory effects and anomalous diffusion have been reported in a number of studies, but directly inferring such effects from trajectories, especially given limited temporal and/or spatial resolution, has been a challenge. Recently, we proposed that this can be achieved with information-theoretical analysis of trajectories, which is based on the general observation that non-Markov effects make trajectories more predictable and, thus, more "compressible" by lossless compression algorithms. Toy models where discrete molecular states evolve in time were shown to be amenable to such analysis, but its application to continuous trajectories presents a challenge: the trajectories need to be digitized first, and digitization itself introduces non-Markov effects that depend on the specifics of how trajectories are sampled. Here we develop a milestoning-based method for information-theoretical analysis of continuous trajectories and show its utility in application to Markov and non-Markov models and to trajectories obtained from molecular simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on exploitation theory to argue that the use of underpaid prison labor for digitization projects and other memory work is unethical. Such projects, and therefore our cultural memory institutions, exploit incarcerated people. As the for-profit prison industrial complex only continues to grow and disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous, and people of color, it is imperative that the information profession recognize its contribution to this moral wrong. To this end, I offer two potential interventions: (a) hiring formerly incarcerated people in memory institutions and (b) clearly and honestly disclosing the use of prison labor to users. Enacting these interventions will not end the exploitation of incarcerated people but will provide meaningful benefits to those who are (formerly) incarcerated and work toward greater transparency with our patrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the third decade of the 21st century, digitization and artificial intelligence, global events, challenges from authoritarian states, and difficulties of particular democracies to function properly confront democracy with a new series of challenges and opportunities that will force it to reinvent itself. The last decades have produced an accelerating flow of ideas for new forms of democracy. We survey a long period in the quest for such new forms and point to next inventions for such forms. We suggest to experiment with new ways for democracy to extend the choice of democratic processes that can be implemented in real-life situations, with the beneficial side-effect that democracy might remain the only sustainable structure for self-governing societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in the relationship between digitalization and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, but existing research focuses on the one-way relationship and ignores the two-way mechanism. Based on a sample of 3335 listed companies in China in 2020, this study adopts a spatial simultaneous equation model to investigate the bidirectional mechanism between companies' digitalization and ESG performance. The results show that digitalization and ESG performance have a significant positive two-way mechanism; digitalization enhances ESG performance, while ESG performance promotes digitalization. The results also indicate a significant positive intra-industry spillover effect for both digitization and ESG performance. Further research shows that the relationship between digitization and ESG performance does not differ depending on the definition of spatial weights, however, the spillover effects do differ depending on the definition of spatial weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the creation of a data resource for charting the adoption of fixed line telephony in Great Britain over the period 1880–1984, of which the period 1880–1951 is available for wide research use. We first evaluate the use of various open-source software and then develop the novel teldiR open-source package to capture digitally encoded scans of all available telephone directories at ten-yearly intervals throughout this period and document the quality control checks used to establish the provenance of the resulting digital records. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of digitally encoding scans of historical telephone directories, and suggests potential analytical extensions to this work, including georeferencing of subscriber records. This research is seen not only as facilitating geographical analysis of the adoption of fixed line telephony, but also as creating a bridge between historical analysis of residential mobility, migration, and changing geodemographic structure in the years between (now digitized) historical censuses and present day digital sources. The digital resource arising from this research is available for bona fide research use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital rural construction is a key strategic direction to promote China's rural revitalization and alleviate global climate problems. In order to put forward feasible suggestions for the subsequent development and ensure the smooth development of digital village construction, how to reflect the development level of the digital village through scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system through the Delphi method and principal component analysis method, then assigns weights to the evaluation indicators based on the improved CRITIC-G1 method, and then grades the development level of digital villages according to the extension matter element method. Finally, taking Jiangxi Province in China as an example, the overall development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is evaluated from the provincial level according to the proposed method. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Results: Firstly, the development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is good, and there is a trend of excellent development level. Secondly, from different aspects of digital rural development, the digitalization of infrastructure, services, economy, and green production in Jiangxi Province is at a good level, and the digitalization of life has reached an excellent level. Thirdly, from the perspective of development trends, the digitization of infrastructure has a progressive trend towards an excellent level of development, while the digitization of services, economy and green production has signs of development regression. According to the analysis results, the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects: talent, capital, governance system and development planning. Other regions can evaluate the development level of the digital village according to the evaluation model proposed in this paper so as to analyze the existing problems and put forward targeted solutions to promote the construction of the digital village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Sigma-Delta modulator (SDM) realized with a fully differential third-order single-loop cascaded integrator feedforward (CIFF) architecture is proposed. A pair of low-frequency chopper switches are nested outside the chopper amplifier to further reduce the residual offset voltage. To reduce the power consumption and ensure linearity, a high-speed dynamic comparator is also used to implement a one-bit quantizer. The proposed architecture and the corresponding functionality are first simulated in MATLAB Simulink at the behavioral level. The results show that the designed modulator has an SNDR of 124.9 dB corresponding to an ENOB of 20.46 bits at a clock frequency of 256 kHz and 312.5 Hz input with a differential-mode voltage of 700 mV sinusoidal waveform. Based on SMIC 180 nm/1.8 V standard CMOS process on the Cadence platform, the subcircuit-level simulation is also performed, while the result shows that the proposed modulator can effectively achieve 115.52 dB SNDR, 18.90-bit ENOB, and 8.40 mW power consumption, which correspond to FoM W and FoM schreier of 0.067 pJ/step and 163.27 dB, respectively. The proposed modulator shows a significant advantage to be applied for high-precision analog-to-digital conversion applications such as high-quality equipment for audio, ECG and EEG signal sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, high-performance thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic (EO) modulators boost the fast development of highly integrated, low loss, and large comb spacing EO frequency combs. Furthermore, ultra-short optical pulse trains (USOPTs) can be generated by the temporal domain compression of the optical frequency comb, which play an essential role in photonic sampling analog-to-digital conversion. Here, we demonstrate a flat and broadband EO frequency comb based on a packaged TFLN chip including a monolithic integrated intensity modulator, a phase modulator, and edge couplers. The 25 comb lines with a power fluctuation less than 3 dB are presented successfully. Moreover, we obtain a 10 GHz repetition rate USOPT, the pulse width of which is compressed to 2.67 ps. Our device may find its applications in the fields of ultrafast measurement, wavelength-division-multiplexing optical communication, or high-precision photonic sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The development of the digital economy constitutes a key component of China's endeavors to advance towards "Digital China." The sports industry functions as a new catalyst for high-quality economic growth. This study systematically evaluated the integration between these two sectors. Methods: First, we conducted two levels of grey relational analysis to assess their integration between 2016 and 2021. Second, we conducted a VAR analysis to determine whether their integration between 2009 and 2021 represents a causal relationship. Results: At the macro level, the grey relational analysis reveals that the sports industry (grade = 0.770) ranked second among China's eight key economic sectors in terms of digital economy integration. At the meso level, a wide variation (ranging from 0.606 to 0.789) existed in the grade of integration between the digital economy and the sub-sectors of the sports industry. According to the VAR model, the digital economy does not Granger cause (p = 0.344) the growth of the sports industry. Conclusions: This study yielded two added values to the existing literature: First, there exists a sectoral imbalance in the digitization process; second, the explosive growth of the sports industry was not primarily caused by the digital economy. Accordingly, the "sports + digital" complex is still in the first wave of technological integration. We propose three policy recommendations, namely, sectoral synergistic development, overtaking via esports IP, and new economy and new regulation. Collectively, these findings provide updated insights for the digital transformation towards "building a leading sports nation" and "Digital China." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of human communication and culture is among the most significant—and challenging—questions we face in attempting to understand the evolution of our species. This article takes up two frameworks for theorizing about human communication and culture, namely, Jackendoff's Parallel Architecture of the human language faculty, and the cultural evolutionary framework of Memetics. The aim is to show that the two frameworks uniquely complement one another in some theoretically important ways. In particular, the Parallel Architecture's account of the lexicon significantly expands the range of linguistic phenomena that are plausibly covered by Memetics (e.g., from words to constructions and pure rules of syntax). At the same time, taking a “meme's‐eye‐view” of the lexicon retools the Parallel Architecture's treatment of the origins and subsequent cultural evolution of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slit lamp biomicroscope is the right hand of an Ophthalmologist. Even though precise, its bulky design and complex working process are limiting constraints, making it difficult for screening at outreach camps, which are an integral part of this field for the purpose of eliminating needless blindness. The torchlight is the main tool used for screening. Recently, the integration of smartphones with instruments and the digitization of slit lamp has been explored, to provide simple and easy hacks. By bringing the slit of the slit lamp to traditional torchlight, we have created "The Slitscope". It combines the best of both worlds as a simple innovative do-it-yourself novel technique for precise cataract screening. It is especially useful in peripheral centers, vision centers, and outreach camps. We present two prototypes which can also be 3D printed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the determinants that influence the consumers' disposition to invest in microgrid technology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This research offers valuable insights for policymakers on investors' motivations to develop strategies to foster microgrid technology adoption through end-user investments leading to a reduction in microgrid high capital cost. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses to analyze the responses of a sample of property owners to a quantitative survey. The study examines such variables as strategic alignment, profitability, digitization, renewable energy utilization, CO2 emission reduction, and disaster recovery readiness. The data collected reveal a moderate level of understanding and cost-awareness of microgrid technology among the respondents, with a mean of 2.46 out of 5. Notably, the data highlight the significant influence of strategic alignment with the UAE's national energy goals on the respondents' inclination to invest in microgrids, with a strong positive correlation of 0.942 at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). By comparison, profitability and disaster recovery have a comparatively weaker correlation. Furthermore, based on the data collected during this study, it has been determined that there is a strong value added by the microgrid initiatives considering the UAE's strategic direction and the positive influence of reduced CO2. The regression models used were highly significant at F = 85.690. There is an acceptable level of multicollinearity with VIF values ranging from 1.087 to 2.155. UAE Strategy has low collinearity. UAE Strategy emerges as the only significant predictor of willingness to invest (p < 0.001) in the stepwise regression analysis. The analysis shows that villa and townhouse owners are willing to invest in community microgrid given that it is aligned with UAE strategy and leads to CO2 emissions reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for the measurement of morphological features of horses that is suitable for mobile applications and requires only a smartphone camera to perform measurements with a short preparation time. This study compares, various body lengths of 46 warmblood horses. The 3D-coordinates were determined photogrammetrically i.e.), using overlapping photographs and video recordings. To measure the relevant points, 12 markers were affixed at significant points to the left body side of the horses. A local coordinate system was defined by using a mobile reference frame to ensure that the measurements can be collected independently of local conditions and still are directly comparable. The measurements were repeated three times and analyzed for their accuracy by various statistical methods. With an average standard deviation of 1.75 cm for the three repeated body length measurements, the method is very reliable. The repetitions of the body length measurements showed that body parts with a high mobility, especially the measurements from the neck to the withers, have a significant impact on the attainable accuracy. To determine the absolute accuracy of the photogrammetric measurement method, a single horse was also measured with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The standard deviation of the two measurements was between 0.24 cm and 1.79 cm, which demonstrates the high absolute accuracy of the measurement method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy laws are traditionally associated with democracy. Yet autocracies increasingly have them. Why do governments that repress their citizens also protect their privacy? This Article answers this question through a study of China. China is a leading autocracy and the architect of a massive surveillance state. But China is also a major player in data protection, having enacted and enforced a number of laws on information privacy. To explain how this came to be, the Article first discusses several top-down objectives often said to motivate China's privacy laws: advancing its digital economy, expanding its global influence, and protecting its national security. Although each has been a factor in China's turn to privacy law, even together, they tell only a partial story. Central to China's privacy turn is the party-state's use of privacy law to shore up its legitimacy amid rampant digital abuse. China's whiplashed transition into the digital age has given rise to significant vulnerabilities and dependencies for ordinary citizens. Through privacy law, China's leaders have sought to interpose themselves as benevolent guardians of privacy rights against other intrusive actors--individuals, firms, and even state agencies and local governments. So framed, privacy law can enhance perceptions of state performance and potentially soften criticism of the center's own intrusions. The party-state did not enact privacy law despite its surveillance state; it embraced privacy law to maintain it. This Article adds to our understanding of privacy law, complicates the relationship between privacy and democracy, and points toward a general theory of authoritarian privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy refers to the economic activities that emerge from connecting individuals, businesses, devices, data, and operations through digital technology. It includes online transactions across multiple sectors and technologies, such as the Internet, mobile technology, big data, and information and communications technology. The digital economy differs from a traditional economy because it relies on digital technology, online transactions, and its transformative effect on traditional industries Digital innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality, Blockchain, and autonomous vehicles all play a part in creating a digital economy. For this study, various papers on "Digital Economy" and "Industry 4.0" are identified from Scopus, Google Scholar and other research platforms and further studied briefly. This review paper has been developed after studying the digital economy and its needs in the Industry 4.0 Environment. The defining trends, key enablers, features and challenges associated with the digital economy towards Industry 4.0 are discussed briefly. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses the significant requirements of Industry 4.0 fulfilled through the digital economy. Today, customers are becoming aware of goods and services online and are turning to the industry for long-term solutions by deploying digital technologies. The digital economy is built on hyper connectivity, the growing interconnectedness of individuals, organisations, and machines due to the Internet, mobile technologies, and the IoT. Industry 4.0 technologies are automation, data exchange, cloud computing, robotics, big data, AI, the IoT, and other technological trends are all part of the industrial sector's digital transformation, which aims to achieve industrial objectives and intelligent manufacturing practices that engage with customers, emerging technologies, and innovation. The economy is becoming more digital, changing how products and services are provided and consumed. A new road map is being provided by Industry 4.0 services to help many industries adapt their conventional methods and support the new revolution. In the digital economy, scaled-up, integrated ecosystems that leverage software platforms to generate value, build resilience, and stimulate innovation via networked goods, assets, people, and processes rapidly replace old, linear value chains with partner participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the digital leadership strategies, methods, and technological emphasis that contribute to IKEA's successes in its digital leadership journey. The study utilized a qualitative case study methodology, drawing upon published sources such as recorded interviews, documentaries, retail and consumer industry observations, and relevant literature on IKEA and the retail and consumer business. Findings demonstrate several strategic orientations, philosophies, and tactics employed by IKEA to achieve digital leadership excellence. A comparative analysis of digital leadership between IKEA and some global R&C businesses reveals IKEA's strategic uniqueness in digitalization. The research concludes by proposing a process model that identifies several factors, including networking, customer understanding, marketing strategies, talented HR specialists, and smart technologies for operations. By applying change management theories, manufacturing theories, and innovation theories, these factors can potentially contribute to achieving success in digital leadership. The study tries to triangulate digital leadership strategies, management thoughts, and R&C business operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show that the neo-documentary – or complimentary – approach in Library and Information Science by no means is conservative, but highly necessary also in today's digitized media landscape. An example from a digitized photo archive is chosen to demonstrate the importance of a complimentary analysis that considers both material aspects as well as social and mental ones. Design/methodology/approach: By taking Jenna Hartel's description of the neo-documentary turn as point of departure, the paper focuses on one case, the portrait of Johannes Abrahamsen Motka taken by Sophus Tromholt in 1883 and discusses different versions of the photograph from glass plate negatives to digitized versions in different contexts and media. Findings: Many of the same paratextual elements can be found in different versions, also the digitized ones, to help the viewer to establish a historical context, but the images exhibited today are nevertheless no longer the same ones taken by Tromholt at the end of the 19th century. Not only have the material properties changed, but also – and probably even more important in most cases – the social and mental aspects. More re-contextualization is needed for today's audiences to recognize and understand a historical photograph taken in a colonial context. Focusing on document's material elements is not novel within the LIS-field, but the so-called neo-documentary turn was also a reaction on political and technological developments during the 1980s and 1990s. The increased focus on understanding a document in a complimentary way has demonstrated its impact during the last decades and is, at the same time, still work in progress. Research limitations/implications: As a scholar in the humanities the author can only relate to and therefore analyze what the author can experience and observe on screen level. Originality/value: In providing a case study, this article illustrates the necessity of employing a complimentary approach when analyzing documents. This also implicates the claim that the neo-documentary turn – or complimentary as it rather should be called – by no means is a conservative one, but a highly necessary one in today's digitized media landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid development of the digital economy, it's an important topic how to play the role of digital technology in improving innovation efficiency. Employing the spatial econometric model with province-level panel data during 2006–2018, the article explores the impact of the development of the digital economy on innovation efficiency in China. The analysis unveils three major findings. First, the innovation efficiency has significant positive spatial externalities and the digital economy has significantly positive direct effects and spatial spillover effects on innovation efficiency, but the above effects are heterogeneous for different regions and innovation subjects. Second, the impact of digital economy development on innovation efficiency has characteristics of a certain degree of lag effect and continuity. Third, the threshold effect analysis reveals the non-linear characteristic of the increasing marginal effect of the digital economy on innovation efficiency. Altogether, the development of the digital economy has become an important driving force for promoting China's innovation efficiency. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between the digital economy development and innovation efficiency, giving significant implications for the innovative development of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolytes have recently regained significant attention in rechargeable batteries due to the discovery that the electrolyte microstructures play a determinant role in battery performance. By adjusting the compositions of electrolytes to cater to various functionalities, such as high‐voltage, fast‐charging, wide‐temperature operation, and non‐flammable features, a diverse range of batteries can be developed to adapt to different environmental working conditions. Nevertheless, elucidating the electrolyte microstructures and understanding the associated electrode interfacial behaviors remain challenging. These challenges arise from the interdisciplinary nature of the research, encompassing subjects such as solution chemistry, interface chemistry, electrochemistry, and organic chemistry. This topic holds particular significance because solution chemistry and solution‐solid interface chemistry are ubiquitous in daily lives, yet their behaviors remain unclear due to their inherent complexity, dynamic nature, and rapid variability. In this context, electrolyte and electrolyte‐electrode interface research are used as an illustrative example and summarize their progress from six key perspectives of graphic, quantitation, visualization, standardization, digitization, and intelligence. It is aimed to provide a multi‐faceted understanding of electrolyte microstructures and their behaviors on the electrode interface. This comprehensive approach enables the effective design of electrolytes and enhances the accuracy of predicting battery performance, servicing the development of solution and solution‐solid interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the use of Digital Twin (DT) technology in the manufacturing sector and its impact on sustainability. The scientific problem addressed is the identification and quantification of the potential advantages and challenges associated with the adoption of DTs at operational, tactical, and strategic levels, particularly in the context of sustainable development. The paper investigates how DTs can redefine the measurement of sustainable development and diversify implementation within manufacturing infrastructure. The study concludes that DTs are a sophisticated technology that enables manufacturers to create precise virtual replicas of physical products or processes. This helps in optimizing resource utilization, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste, thereby promoting sustainability. Main DT clusters and common uses highlighted by the authors demonstrate huge impact on energy efficiency, waste management, sustainable design, logistics emissions reduction, water conservation, and stakeholder engagement. It is proved that DTs simulate and analyze complex systems, enabling the evaluation and improvement of sustainability levels. The paper presents promising practical examples of DT’s use, such as optimizing warehouse management in Ukraine, automating robots for increased efficiency, and aiding in the post-war reconstruction of cities with a focus on environmental friendliness and accessible infrastructure. The research specifically focuses on the top five tech giants and their use of DTs to drive sustainability. Additionally, the findings project substantial market growth potential for DTs in multiple sectors, emphasizing the urgent need for industries to integrate DTs into their sustainability strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ECG classification or heartbeat classification is an extremely valuable tool in cardiology. Deep learning-based techniques for the analysis of ECG signals assist human experts in the timely diagnosis of cardiac diseases and help save precious lives. This research aims at digitizing a dataset of images of ECG records into time series signals and then applying deep learning (DL) techniques on the digitized dataset. State-of-the-art DL techniques are proposed for the classification of the ECG signals into different cardiac classes. Multiple DL models, including a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and a self-supervised learning (SSL)-based model using autoencoders are explored and compared in this study. The models are trained on the dataset generated from ECG plots of patients from various healthcare institutes in Pakistan. First, the ECG images are digitized, segmenting the lead II heartbeats, and then the digitized signals are passed to the proposed deep learning models for classification. Among the different DL models used in this study, the proposed CNN model achieves the highest accuracy of ∼92%. The proposed model is highly accurate and provides fast inference for real-time and direct monitoring of ECG signals that are captured from the electrodes (sensors) placed on different parts of the body. Using the digitized form of ECG signals instead of images for the classification of cardiac arrhythmia allows cardiologists to utilize DL models directly on ECG signals from an ECG machine for the real-time and accurate monitoring of ECGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The impression technique highly influences the adaptation of ceramic restorations. Not enough information is available to compare the marginal (MF) and internal fit (IF) of endocrowns fabricated with various digitization techniques. Therefore, this in-vitro study aimed to compare the MF and IF of lithium disilicate (LDS) endocrowns fabricated through direct and indirect digital scanning methods. Materials and methods: One extracted maxillary molar was used to fabricate endocrowns. The digitization of the model was performed with (G1) direct scanning (n = 10) utilizing an intraoral scanner (IOS), (G2) indirectly scanning the conventional impression taken from the model using the same IOS (n = 10), (G3) indirectly digitalizing the obtained impression using an extraoral scanner (EOS) (n = 10), and (G4) scanning the poured cast using the same EOS (n = 10). The MF and IF of the endocrowns were measured using the replica method and a digital stereomicroscope. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze data. Results: The studied groups differed significantly (p<0.001). G2 (130.31±7.87 μm) and G3 (48.43±19.14 μm) showed the largest and smallest mean vertical marginal gap, respectively. G2 and G3 led to the highest and lowest internal gaps in all regions, respectively. With significant differences among the internal regions (p<0.001), the pulpal area demonstrated the most considerable misfit in all groups. Conclusions: Scanning the impression using an extraoral scanner showed smaller marginal and internal gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text arises from the reflections generated during the First Congress of Latin American Communication CIESPAL -- FELFACS, where researchers from 20 countries met to address contemporary media and information practices. The objective was to rethink communication and reinvent social mediation processes in various areas, from information and economic to political and entertainment. Held at the CIESPAL headquarters in Quito, Ecuador, a space with a long history in discussions about critical thinking in the region, the congress proposed a deep reflection on the role of commercial media and its relationship with political power, highlighting the need to rethink journalism as an independent and critical tool.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, the manuscript collections of Timbuktu were feared to be at risk of destruction after rebel groups overtook the city. Rumours of the burning of the library and the destruction of thousands of manuscripts catapulted this archive into a discourse of "heritage in peril." While the rumours were greatly exaggerated, they propelled the archives into new digitisation initiatives led by international organisations to preserve the archive from future loss. What this recent episode obscures, however, is the long history of loss, destruction and remaking that is constitutive of the nature of this archive. This contribution reflects on the integral makeup of this loss for the archive, underscoring its different modes – from the physical anatomy of the manuscripts themselves to colonial plunder, and independence-era archival reconstitution. At the same time, it highlights the generative aspects of loss in the Timbuktu archive, through an exploration of copying as a long-preferred mode of preservation and knowledge production, as well as the problematics of digitisation as the current chosen mode of preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current predominant delivery format resulting from digitization is PDF, which is not appropriate for the blind, partially sighted and people who read on mobile devices. To meet the needs of both communities, as well as broader ones, alternative file formats are required. With the findings of the eBooks-On-Demand-Network Opening Publications for European Netizens project research, this study aims to improve access to digitized content for these communities. Design/methodology/approach: In 2022, the authors conducted research on the digitization experiences of 13 EODOPEN partners at their organizations. The authors distributed the same sample of scans in English with different characteristics, and in accordance with Web content accessibility guidelines, the authors created 24 criteria to analyze their digitization workflows, output formats and optical character recognition (OCR) quality. Findings: In this contribution, the authors present the results of a trial implementation among EODOPEN partners regarding their digitization workflows, used delivery file formats and the resulting quality of OCR results, depending on the type of digitization output file format. It was shown that partners using the OCR tool ABBYY FineReader Professional and producing scanning outputs in tagged PDF and PDF/UA formats achieved better results according to set criteria. Research limitations/implications: The trial implementations were limited to 13 project partners' organizations only. Originality/value: This research paper can be a valuable contribution to the field of massive digitization practices, particularly in terms of improving the accessibility of the output delivery file formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of business management involves a large amount of data and information sources, including market data, customer data, supply chain data, etc. In order to quantify and analyze different resources, help enterprises better plan and allocate resources, and improve resource utilization efficiency, a clustering analysis based digital resource integration algorithm for business management is studied. Build a business management digital resource integration framework, including data layer, integration layer, and storage layer, to integrate and store data from different sources of business management databases, thereby facilitating unified management and utilization of digital resources by enterprises. The data layer collects data from different business management databases and stores it in the database according to different sources; The integration layer preprocesses the collected data, simply fixes errors and missing information in the data, and improves data quality. Adopting a feature extraction method based on the projection direction uncorrelation strategy of the labeled power set conversion method, the useful feature information of digital resources in enterprise management can be effectively extracted; Based on the two-step clustering analysis method, business management digital resources are clustered according to similar characteristics to complete the classification and integration of business management digital resources, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization; The storage layer adopts the Security Information Diffusion Algorithm (IDA) storage model to store integrated and classified digital resources managed by enterprises, ensuring data security and effectively preventing data leakage and illegal access. The experimental results show that the digital resource structure of business management integrated by this algorithm is clear, with a data redundancy of less than 8% and a difference of less than 11%. The time consumption for data integration is less than 2.11 minutes, indicating good resource integration ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of herbarium collections guarantees a preservation and long-term use of scientifically valuable objects, e.g., wide and convenient access to these materials online and exchange between institutions. These are also important elements in the education and popularization of botanical knowledge. No less significant is the practical aspect of these studies due to the danger of these collections' destruction as a result of Russian aggression—some of them have already been destroyed. The analyzed Margittai collection (1500 specimens) is kept at the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU) and belongs to the historical and regional ones. This material is valuable because of its scientific, historical and cultural significance. By the initiative and thanks to the efforts of Prof. S. Fodor, the studied collection (most of which are doublet specimens) was transferred in 1965 from the Hungarian Natural History Museum (BP), where the main herbarium of the researcher is preserved (40,000 specimens), to the Uzhhorod State University. Due to the fact that the collection has not been studied, in 2021, the authors began a special investigation of this collection and assessment of its current state. The structure of the database has been developed, it is being filled, and the digitization of type materials has begun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding visitors' spatial choice behavior is important in developing effective policies to counteract overcrowdedness in attractive urban heritage areas. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of visitor location choice behavior, aiming to address two primary objectives. First, this paper investigates the relationship between visitor segments and the choice of particular Points of Interest (POIs). Second, this paper explores the impacts of visitors' experiences and visitor segments on their revisit intentions. We used a sample of 320 visitors who had been to Amsterdam within the last five years to collect data about their location choice behavior and intention to revisit after a recent visit to the city. Combining the revealed choices and intentions of pre-defined visitor segments obtained from a stated choice experiment, association rules are extracted to reveal differences in the patterns of behaviors related to the segment. The findings identify associations between various POIs, including museums such as the Rijksmuseum and Madame Tussauds, and visitor classes, which include "cultural attraction seekers", "selective sightseers", and "city-life lovers". Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis reveals that affective experiences, such as feelings of comfort, happiness, and annoyance, have a significant influence on visitors' intentions to revisit the destination in the future. This research found that "cultural attraction seekers" and "selective sightseers" display a higher likelihood of considering a return visit to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of the US Patent and Trademark Office's (USPTO) backfile of six million patents undertaken between 1951 and 2001 was a five-decade struggle, featuring several media transitions from print and microfilm to CD-ROMs and, finally, the Web. This mass digitization project is on a similar scale to Google Books and the Internet Archive, but it is rarely discussed within critical digitization scholarship or for its significance as a tool for knowledge production. In this article, I focus on the USPTO's patent document's digital and physical material form and how the current paradigm of access and storage of the digital backfile emerged. Through this case study, I build upon Ian Milligan's distinction between the 'text' and 'platform' layers of a digitization project to demonstrate how historical decisions regarding format and metadata continue to influence how users retrieve and interpret documents, such as patents, online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Song-era artifacts carry ideas of naturalness and moderate elegance, preserving and passing them on to future generations. The emerging digital opportunities and initiatives allow us not only to study pattern samples in detail but also to create digital equivalents that are not subject to aging or destruction. This research aims to obtain specific knowledge and situational experience regarding the digitization of Song Dynasty patterns. At the preliminary research stage, the authors performed an online survey on a popular Chinese platform. The survey confirmed the interest of a wide audience in cultural heritage (CH) objects and their preservation. The respondents noted the focus on digital sources of information and considered the documentary video format an optimal educational design. In the first stage, Song patterns were digitally processed using MATLAB version 7.0 and ACDSee. In the subsequent phase, based on the processed patterns, the authors developed an instructional video. In the third stage, the researchers assessed students' knowledge acquired by watching a video (experimental group) or attending a lecture with a presentation based on raw patterns (control group). The results obtained before and after the intervention showed significant progress in each group. It indicated the effectiveness of the digitized images and this intervention for obtaining new knowledge and raising awareness about the Song Dynasty CH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the COVID-19 virus continues to circulate, there is an increasing insistence that the world "return to normal." In this paper the authors resist this pull to normalcy and the way it devalues the knowledges, vitality, and livelihoods of disabled people. They examine the crip technoscience practices used during the 2022 digital gathering Practicing the Social: Entanglements of Art and Social Justice, situating them as examples of cultural accessibility that engage with slow technology to provoke crip(ped) ways of being in time. They argue that sustained engagement with cultural accessibility offers a different path through the pandemic, one that centers access and resists the way necropolitics devalues disabled life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses their transmedia art installation, Eco-Crip: Cybotanical Futures (2021), as a site that critically explores and re-worlds the intersectional oppressions faced by disabled BIPOC individuals—centering on their own identity and complex lived experiences. Through a re-worlding lens, the artwork harnesses autoethnography, disability justice, and critical theory to confront and reclaim lifelong systemic oppression and medical surveillance, integrating computational art and digital painting to reconstruct medically quantified bioimaging and South Asian botanical archives into alternative "Cybotanical" futures. The author traces this work back to their earlier piece, Keep This Leaflet. You May Need to Read It Again (2014), a seminal creation in their criptech journey. Eco-Crip: Cybotanical Futures embraces a DIY ethos to hack and decolonize archives and technologies, navigating multifaceted meaning-making where beauty and pain converge—mapping new frontiers of crip technoscience art that challenges various systems of power and their associated gazes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artist discusses the development of their crip-techno-tinkerism methodology and its application to machine learning. They outline how their tinkering with the creation of datasets and the manipulation of transfer learning within machine learning models can reflect the diversity of neurodivergent learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europeana is a digital infrastructure aggregating the most extensive collection of cultural heritage data in Europe. Launched in 2008, it has enjoyed the political and financial support of the European Union and its member states, becoming the most ambitious and financed digital cultural project to date. For this reason, Europeana is an outstanding example of how the European Commission has used digital heritage platforms to pursue its cultural agenda. Nevertheless, the social and cultural implications of this digital infrastructure are still understudied. Following Europeana's evolution, this article explores Europeana's role in transforming the cultural sector and defining a European digital cultural policy. Analysing how the goals of the EU cultural policy have been implemented in the development of Europeana, this article reveals how Europeana has been instrumental in steering the digitisation of the European cultural sector through the development of standards and best practices. Furthermore, through digital heritage curation, Europeana plays a critical role in producing the narrative of a European past, promoting the construction of European citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of the construction site environment has progressed rapidly. In this study, the operations of hydraulic excavators—which are machines widely used in the construction industry—were advanced to enable automation and unmanned operation. To achieve this, it is necessary to determine the environment of the machines at the sites, and a real-time measurement and visualization methodology that can be installed at common construction sites is required. In this study, we propose a measurement system for reconstructing a wide range of surrounding environments using machine-borne sensors mounted on a hydraulic excavator. The proposed system measures the entire surrounding environment using a sensor unit composed of a laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) and a wide-angle camera. Furthermore, methods of time-series integration for wide-range and dynamic measurements during work for occlusion-robust visualization are proposed. In an experiment using actual machines on an earth-moving site, we validated the performance of our proposed system by quantitative evaluation and confirmed that the system provides an effective solution for the digitization of construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic libraries operate in the digital world in a multitude of globally acting information infrastructures. The new ways of use and demands associated with digitization entail a comprehensive development of their tasks and services. As infrastructure and innovation partners, libraries play an important role in the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical samples are irreplaceable, and their transformation into searchable and reusable digital biobanks is critical for conducting statistically empowered retrospective and integrative research studies. Currently, mainly data-independent acquisition strategies are employed to digitize clinical sample cohorts comprehensively. However, the sensitivity of DIA is limited, which is why selected marker candidates are often additionally measured targeted by parallel reaction monitoring. Methods: Here, we applied the recently co-developed hybrid-PRM/DIA technology as a new intelligent data acquisition strategy that allows for the comprehensive digitization of rare clinical samples at the proteotype level. Hybrid-PRM/DIA enables enhanced measurement sensitivity for a specific set of analytes of current clinical interest by the intelligent triggering of multiplexed parallel reaction monitoring (MSxPRM) in combination with the discovery-driven digitization of the clinical biospecimen using DIA. Heavy-labeled reference peptides were utilized as triggers for MSxPRM and monitoring of endogenous peptides. Results: We first evaluated hybrid-PRM/DIA in a clinical context on a pool of 185 selected proteotypic peptides for tumor-associated antigens derived from 64 annotated human protein groups. We demonstrated improved reproducibility and sensitivity for the detection of endogenous peptides, even at lower concentrations near the detection limit. Up to 179 MSxPRM scans were shown not to affect the overall DIA performance. Next, we applied hybrid-PRM/DIA for the integrated digitization of biobanked melanoma samples using a set of 30 AQUA peptides against 28 biomarker candidates with relevance in molecular tumor board evaluations of melanoma patients. Within the DIA-detected approximately 6500 protein groups, the selected marker candidates such as UFO, CDK4, NF1, and PMEL could be monitored consistently and quantitatively using MSxPRM scans, providing additional confidence for supporting future clinical decision-making. Conclusions: Combining PRM and DIA measurements provides a new strategy for the sensitive and reproducible detection of protein markers from patients currently being discussed in molecular tumor boards in combination with the opportunity to discover new biomarker candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift towards digitalization is fundamentally transforming societies and changing lives. Meanwhile, many African countries are lagging behind on the dividends of accelerated digital technologies to address their developmental challenges. This is partly because of the dearth of evidence demonstrating how technological integration impacts on economic growth and poverty reduction. By relying on panel data for the period 2011–2021, this study empirically estimates the degree to which ICT adoption contributes to South Africa's economic competitiveness along four indicators: boosting productivity, accelerating business growth, increasing government operational efficiency, and creating opportunities for people. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The findings indicated a strong positive correlation between the application of digital technologies and the improvement of business operations welfare improvement, and GDP growth. The findings suggest to policymakers the need to prioritize interventions that drive investment in digital infrastructure. Given the net positive effects of ICT innovations, it is also recommended that policymakers focus on building the ICT skills of South Africans, while ensuring a business-friendly environment that enables fast digital penetration in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Design Data Sources Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution This study seeks to review how the use of digital technologies in clinical nursing affects nurses' professional identity and the relations of power within clinical environments.Literature review.PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched in April 2023.We screened 874 studies in English and German, of which 15 were included in our final synthesis reflecting the scientific discourse from 1992 until 2023.Our review revealed relevant effects of digital technologies on nurses' professional identity and power relations. Few studies cover outcomes relating to identity, such as moral agency or nurses' autonomy. Most studies describe negative impacts of technology on professional identity, for example, creating a barrier between nurses and patients leading to decreased empathetic interaction. Regarding power relations, technologically skilled nurses can yield power over colleagues and patients, while depending on technology. The investigation of these effects is underrepresented.Our review presents insights into the relation between technology and nurses' professional identity and prevalent power relations. For future studies, dedicated and critical investigations of digital technologies' impact on the formation of professional identity in nursing are required.Nurses' professional identity may be altered by digital technologies used in clinical care. Nurses, who are aware of the potential effects of digitized work environments, can reflect on the relationship of technology and the nursing profession.The use of digital technology might lead to a decrease in nurses' moral agency and competence to shape patient‐centred care. Digital technologies seem to become an essential measure for nurses to wield power over patients and colleagues, whilst being a control mechanism. Our work encourages nurses to actively shape digital care.We adhere to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis where applicable. EQUATOR reporting guidelines were not applicable for this type of review.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase "neurodiversity" refers to the "diversity" in neural systems of people from various age groups, castes, genders, nationalities, and other groupings that are more common in society. Communication is the thread that establishes a dialogue between individuals tangibly and intangibly. Digitization has taken the steering to control as to how this communication (or interaction) can be established and delivered to enhance human experiences in the physical world and to bend the neural systems further to meliorate their perceptual and cognitive abilities. This technology (and its variants) has been used for a variety of purposes globally, specifically to support neurodiverse people. For example, immersive virtual reality environments can be used to improve social interaction for individuals with autism spectrum disorder through storytelling. A narrative of the space can improve their behavioral response in a given situation. For people in the neurodivergent section or with behavioral disorders or disabilities, the major goal is to increase the environment's stimulation such that their surroundings are comfortable and relatable. The study aims to showcase the importance of storytelling not only in physical space but digitally as well with the help of transmedia narratives for an inclusive interaction among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Orthosis is a common and effective treatment for mild to moderate scoliosis, which can delay and inhibit the progression of scoliosis and reduce the incidence of severe deformity. Different types of orthoses have different indications, application characteristics, and efficacies. In recent years, the application of new technology like digital and intelligent has promoted the improvement and development of new orthoses. OBJECTIVE: To classify and compare the commonly used scoliosis orthoses, and describe the application progress of new technologies such as digital and intelligent technology in recent years, so as to provide a reference for the clinical selection of orthoses and the improvement of new orthoses. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, IEEE, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched for relevant literature. Chinese and English search terms were “scoliosis, orthosis, brace, progress, artificial intelligence, digitization”. The search time limit was from 2012 to 2022. Finally, 56 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scoliosis orthosis has a good effect on mild to moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Through the Hueter-Volkmann law, it can accelerate the growth of the concave spine with a high success rate and has been widely used in this field. (2) The indications, application characteristics and efficacy of different types of orthoses are different, and the clinical selection is targeted. (3) Scoliosis orthosis has been developed in the direction of more humanity, paying attention to the comfort of patients, and the manufacturing process has been transformed from plaster casting to computer-aided manufacturing. It is simple and hygienic, with higher correction accuracy, and patients’ compliance has been significantly improved. (4) Scoliosis orthosis is developing in the direction of digitalization and intelligence and has been widely integrated with artificial intelligence, Internet of things and other technologies to monitor the patient’s orthopedic force, body temperature, and compliance in real time, so as to provide patients with more accurate treatment. (5) At present, there are still many defects in scoliosis orthosis that cannot be ignored, such as affecting development, decreased muscle strength, and body stiffness, which need further exploration and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business intelligence (BI) technologies can help firms optimize revenue and expenses if acquired and deployed proficiently. In parallel, the sport industry's shift toward digitization is being driven by an influx of new, technology-savvy owners and managers. It follows that owners who are business intelligence experts could make their sport organizations more profitable. This paper models 14 years of Major League Baseball data to explore the degree to which owners with business intelligence career experience affect their organization's operating margin through (a) optimizing revenue and (b) enhancing cost efficiency. It further explores owners' knowledge accrual as a moderator in this process. Results suggest the effect of business intelligence expertise on margins is positive, but small. Margin increases were attained by spending more efficiently on labor, not by generating more revenue. These mediating effects were moderated by knowledge accrual, such that a longer tenure increased the early-tenure advantages of BI career experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]