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In modern conditions, high-precision technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are the basis for increasing the efficiency of agricultural land use and crop productivity. Nowadays, new technology development needs to be improved, so the study and the implementation of various innovations in this field are quite relevant and important. The research aimed to find effective pesticides and a selection of spraying solution norms to increase rapeseed yield. The least significant difference test was used to separate the means of the dependent variables in response to predictor variables at P = 0.05. It was established that herbicides applied using UAV provided effective protection of crops against cereal weeds. The spraying solution (herbicide) Evolution, together with Amigo Star, contributed to destroy of annual cereals by 94-100%, which was at level of effectiveness for ground sprayer application. The higher yield of rapeseed was 4.08 t·ha-1 for variant with spraying solution by UAV with a consumption rate of 15 L·ha-1 and corresponding indicator reaches 4.13 t·ha-1 with a rate of 200 L·ha-1 for ground-based spraying. The advantage of using UAVs is the quicker application, as well as a lower rate of water consumption for preparing spraying solution, compared to ground spraying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the context of climate change, there is a growing need to study the impact of environmental factors on plant life. This, in turn, will allow the reasonable use of agricultural techniques, to form high-yielding crops, and increase crop productivity. The following variants of tillage and irrigation technologies were included in the research scheme (i) conventional tillage without irrigation; (ii) no-till without irrigation; (iii) no-till with drip irrigation system; (iv) no-till with system of subsoil drip irrigation. Corn yield varied significantly from the studied factors of cultivation technology. The highest productivity of 12.1 t/ha was obtained under no-till with a system of subsurface drip irrigation and 12.0 t/ha under no-till with drip irrigation system. During the statistical processing of the obtained experimental data, no significant difference between the studied variants was found. Carrying out an economic analysis of corn growing in the arid climate of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine testifies to the high efficiency of application of the new tillage and irrigation systems in the cultivation technology. The application of no-till with drip irrigation system allowed to obtain grain with a cost of 3.72 UAH/t, to obtain a profit of 50.13 UAH/ha with a level of production profitability of 112.2%. It should be noted that the use of no-till with system of subsoil drip irrigation led to slightly lower indicators of economic efficiency of corn cultivation, under which the level of production profitability was 109.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is devoted to a comprehensive approach to the study of soybean productivity depending on the different tillage technologies and plants' spraying of salicylic acid of climate change in Southen Ukraine. The proposed measures will save water resources up to 30% through the use of portable moisture meters to control soil moisture and the no-till technology; increase the soybean yield by up to 14% by spraying plants of salicylic acid. It was determined that the density of soybean plants during the growing season decreased on variants with traditional technologies in comparison with no-till the deviation makes almost 6%. The soybean water consumption coefficient in the experiment varied significantly in the range from 1,710 to 2,330 m3 /t. Soybean plants used water reserves most rationally in variants where traditional technologies were used. The average increase in yield according to the experiment under traditional technologies was 5.4%, with no-till was 20.3%. In terms of economic and bioenergy efficiency, no-till does not have significant advantages over traditional technologies. Reduction of costs in the introduction of no-till for energy consumption of machinery, fuel, electricity is fully offset by the growth of indirect energy costs, in particular, the cost of herbicides, due to high weed infestation of uncultivated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the study dedicated to the investigation of sweet corn leaf apparatus growth and development in dependence to the crop cultivation technology elements, viz. depth of plowing, mineral fertilizers application doses, plants density, in the drip-irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine. The field trials were carried out during three years (2014-2016) by using the split-plot design method in four replications with accordance to the modern requirements of the experimental work in agronomy. The results of the study showed the significant effect of all the studied agro technological treatments on the crop leaf apparatus. The highest Leaf Area Index (LAI) that averaged to 3.72 was obtained under moldboard plowing at the depth of 20-22 cm, fertilization with N120P120, and plants density of 80000 ha-1. The total amplitude of fluctuation of LAI averaged to 2.42. Increased plowing depth improved LAI of sweet corn only under the non-fertilized conditions, however, increased fertilizers doses and thickening of the crops positively affected the studied bio-metric index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]