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Purpose: To propose and evaluate standardized polishing protocols for in vitro experiments using a custommade apparatus under controlled force to create consistent surface roughness on titanium and zirconia discs. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 discs were manufactured with a diameter of 10 mm, 80 titanium (Ti) and 80 zirconium oxide (Zr). Specimens were categorized into two groups: controlled force (CF) and without controlled force (WCF). Specimens in the CF group were polished with a custom apparatus incorporating a tension gauge on the Ti and Zr disc surfaces to achieve consistent roughness. The WCF group was polished without the use of a tension gauge. Each group had four subgroups (n = 10): control/machined with no polishing (C), rough (R), smooth (S), and very smooth (VS). The subgroups were processed using a sequence of diamond-impregnated polishing burs and polishing paste. Results: The CF group showed consistent surface roughness and a gradual decrease in surface roughness. Control in Ti (Ra = 6.5 ± 0.03 µm) and in Zr (Ra = 5.4 ± 0.04 µm); R in Ti (Ra = 3.5 ± 0.06 µm) and in Zr (Ra = 3.2 ± 0.07 µm); S in Ti (Ra = 1.5 ± 0.04 µm) and in Zr (Ra = 1.1 ± 0.06 µm); and VS in Ti (Ra = 0.05 ± 0.002 µm) and in Zr (Ra = 0.02 ± 0.005 µm). There were significant differences for R, S, and SV under CF and WCF in Ti and Zr surfaces. Conclusions: The specimens polished under control force produced significantly more uniform surface roughness than those polished without controlled force and were produced with a higher degree of consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate depletion forces in molecular dynamics simulation of a binary mixture of spheres (depleted particles) and rods (depletant particles) for a wide range of densities for both species. This evaluation was carried out using a recently proposed least squares fitting algorithm. We found that the restriction of the rods' rotational degrees of freedom, when the distance between two spheres is less than the rods length, creates a shallow, and apparently linear, attractive force ramp. For intersphere distances smaller than the rods' diameter, a much stronger attractive force is found, and a large repulsive barrier appears between these aforementioned regimes, roughly at the distance of the rods' thickness. The evaluated forces are validated via a comparison of the pairwise correlation functions obtained from molecular dynamics simulation of a mono-disperse sphere fluid, using the evaluated effective forces, against the original (full system) pairwise correlation functions. Agreement is excellent. We also record the angular pairwise correlation function, using the P2(x) Legendre polynomial, and find that for high densities of both species, a local nematic ordering starts to appear. This nematic order may be a factor in the small differences found between original and effective pairwise correlation functions at high densities of rods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probability of inserting, without overlap, a hard spherical particle of diameter σ in a hard-sphere fluid of diameter σ0 and packing fraction η determines its excess chemical potential at infinite dilution, μex(σ, η). In our previous work [R. L. Davidchack and B. B. Laird, J. Chem. Phys. 157, 074701 (2022)], we used Widom's particle insertion method within molecular dynamics simulations to obtain high precision results for μex(σ, η) with σ/σ0 ≤ 4 and η ≤ 0.5. In the current work, we investigate the behavior of this quantity at small σ. In particular, using the inclusion-exclusion principle, we relate the insertion probability to the hard-sphere fluid distribution functions and thus derive the higher-order terms in the Taylor expansion of μex(σ, η) at σ = 0. We also use direct evaluation of the excluded volume for pairs and triplets of hard spheres to obtain simulation results for μex(σ, η) at σ/σ0 ≤ 0.2247 that are of much higher precision than those obtained earlier with Widom's method. These results allow us to improve the quality of the small-σ correction in the empirical expression for μex(σ, η) presented in our previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the optimal implant diameter under limited bone width by comparing the effects of implants with different diameters on implant stability, peri-implant bone stability, and osseointegration. In addition, to evaluate the reliability of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in detecting osseointegration and marginal bone level (MBL). Materials and Methods: Mandibular premolars and first molars of seven beagle dogs were extracted. After 8 weeks, their mandibular models and radiographic information were collected to fabricate implant templates. Implant sites were randomly divided into three groups according to diameter: Ø3.3, Ø4.1, and Ø4.8 mm. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurement and radiographic evaluation were performed after surgery (baseline) and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Three dogs were euthanized at 4 weeks to observe osteogenesis and implant-tissue interface biology. Four dogs were euthanized at 12 weeks to observe osseointegration. Hard tissue sections were prepared to analyze osteogenesis (fluorescence double labeling) and osseointegration (methylene blue-acid fuchsin staining). Results: At baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the ISQ values of Ø4.1- and Ø4.8-mm implants did not differ (P > .05), but both had higher values than the Ø3.3-mm implants (P < .05). The mean marginal bone resorption (MBR) associated with Ø3.3-, Ø4.1-, and Ø4.8-mm implants was 0.65 ± 0.58 mm, 0.37 ± 0.28 mm, and 0.73 ± 0.37 mm, respectively. The buccal MBR of Ø4.8-mm implants was significantly higher than that of Ø4.1-mm implants (P < .05). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) percentage at 12 weeks did not differ for any group (P > .05). The correlation coefficients between the ISQ and MBL of the Ø3.3-, Ø4.1-, and Ø4.8-mm implants were -0.84 (P < .01), -0.90 (P < .001), and -0.93 (P < .001), respectively, while that between the ISQ and BIC was 0.15 (P > .05). Conclusions: During the early healing stage, the performance of Ø4.1- and Ø4.8-mm implants in terms of implant stability was better than that of Ø3.3-mm implants. Implant diameter may not influence BIC percentage. RFA can be used to evaluate implant stability and MBL but is not suitable to assess the degree of osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion The Impella 5.5® is commonly inserted via the axillary artery (AX) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The right AX has traditionally been preferred to avoid crossing the aortic arch, and a minimum diameter of 7 mm has been recommended to accommodate the device (21 Fr). There is limited data on choice of laterality of access and AX size required, both in terms of technicality of the procedure as well as outcomes.We performed a single‐center retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent Impella 5.5® implantation between December 2020 and February 2024 (N = 75). Data including demographics and outcomes were stratified both by diameter (small, <7 mm vs. normal, ≥7 mm) and laterality of access (right vs. left). Adverse events included stroke, limb ischemia, procedural bleeding or infection, and unplanned explant due to complications. Delivery time was defined as time from advancing the first wire to activation of the device.AX approach was attempted in all (N = 74) but one requiring innominate access, with a technical success rate of 95.9% (N = 71/74). The mean age was 58.8 ± 13.3 years, with 81.1% males. The median delivery time was 7.0 (25th, 75th percentiles: 4.0, 11.5) min with a median support duration of 13 (7.7, 24) days. Ten patients (13.5%) had a small AX, with a mean diameter of 6.3 ± 0.5 mm and were more likely to be younger compared to the normal AX group. Fifty‐nine patients (79.7%) had insertion via the right AX. Median delivery time was comparable across all groups (small, 5.4 [3.5, 10.9] vs. normal, 7 [4.0, 12.1] min, p = 0.59) and (right, 10.4 [5.3, 15.2] vs. left, 6 [3.7, 10.4] min, p = 0.35). There was no difference between the rates of stroke, ischemia, bleeding, or infection when comparing by size or laterality. Survival to discharge was 59.5%, with 21.1% mortality on support, all in patients with a normal AX diameter, but with no difference between right versus left.In our study, laterality and a small diameter of AX access did not affect outcomes of Impella 5.5®, with a similar safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assignment of one of two possible directions to every edge of an undirected graph G = (V , E) is called an orientation of G. The resulting directed graph is denoted by G ⃗. A strong orientation is one in which every vertex is reachable from every other vertex via a directed path in G ⃗. The diameter of G ⃗ , i.e., the maximum distance from any vertex to any other vertex, depends on the particular orientation. The minimum diameter among all possible orientations of G is called the oriented diameter diam ⃗ (G) of G. Let n , k be two integers such that 1 ≤ k < n. In the realm of interconnection networks of processing elements, an (n , k) -star graph S n , k offers a topology that permits to circumvent the lack of scalability of n -star graphs S n. The oriented diameter quantifies an upper limit on the delay in communication over interconnection networks. In this paper, we present a strong orientation scheme for S n , k that combines approaches suggested by Cheng and Lipman (2002) for S n , k with the one proposed by Fujita (2013) for S n , reaping benefits from both worlds. Next, we propose a distributed routing algorithm for S n , k ⃗ inspired by an algorithm proposed in Kumar et al. (2021) for S n ⃗. With the aid of both the orientation scheme and the routing algorithm, we show that diam ⃗ (S n , k) ≤ ⌊ n + k 2 ⌋ + 2 k + 6 − δ (n , k) where δ (n , k) is a non-negative function. The function δ (n , k) takes on values 2 k − n , 0 , and n − 3 k 2 respectively for three disjoint intervals k > n 2 , n 3 < k ≤ n 2 and k ≤ n 3 . For every value of n , k , our upper bound performs better than all known bounds in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the process, solution, and ambient parameters of the electrospinning technique have been intensely studied, the effects of different setup orientations have not been thoroughly investigated. In many research studies, the attempts on electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol have been performed with a horizontal electrospinning or researchers have not even mentioned the setup orientation. This paper examines the morphological properties of polyvinyl alcohol‐based fibrous mats electrospun with the same apparatus and identical process and solution parameters but with different working planes, namely, (x)‐axis, (+y) axis, and (−y) axis. From the test results, it is concluded that the (−y) axis is the most versatile working plane because fibrous mats have the finest nanofiber diameters with the lowest diameter variation, the medium‐level pore area with the smallest pore sizes. Besides, the highest packing density and highly deposited structure with the longest fibers with a high aspect ratio are constructed in this setup orientation. (−y) axis electrospinning is more favorable than that of other working planes for polyvinyl alcohol‐based permeable membranes and biostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was intended to investigate the macular vascular and photoreceptor changes for diabetic macular edema (DME) at the early stage. A total of 255 eyes of 134 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled and underwent an ophthalmological and systemic evaluation in this cross-sectional study. Early DME was characterized by central subfoveal thickness (CST) value between 250 and 325 μm, intact ellipsoid zone, and an external limiting membrane. While non-DME was characterized by CST < 250 μm with normal retinal morphology and structure. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area ≤ 0.3 mm2 (P < 0.001, OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.26–0.67 in the multivariate analysis) and HbA1c level ≤ 8% (P = 0.005, OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.74 in multivariate analysis) were significantly associated with a higher risk of early DME. Meanwhile, no significant differences exist in cone parameters between non-DME and early DME eyes. Compared with non-DME eyes, vessel diameter, vessel wall thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio, the cross-sectional area of the vascular wall in the upper side were significantly decreased in the early DME eyes (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.003 respectively). This study suggested a vasospasm or vasoconstriction with limited further photoreceptor impairment at the early stage of DME formation. CST ≥ 250 μm and FAZ ≤ 0.3 mm2 may be the indicator for early DME detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical wake models are widely used to predict wind turbine wakes. While these models are well-established for horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs), the analytical wake models for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) remain under-explored in the wind energy community. In this study, the accuracy of two wake scaling techniques is evaluated to predict the change in the normalized maximum wake velocity deficit behind VAWTs by re-scaling the maximum wake velocity deficit behind an actuator disk with the same thrust coefficient. The wake scaling is defined in terms of equivalent diameter, considering the geometrical properties of the wake-generating object. Two different equivalent diameters are compared, namely the momentum diameter and hydraulic diameter. Different approaches are used to calculate the change in the normalized wake velocity deficit behind a disk with the same thrust coefficient as the VAWT. The streamwise distance is scaled with the equivalent diameter to predict the normalized maximum wake velocity deficit behind the desired VAWT. The performance of the proposed framework is assessed using large-eddy simulation data of VAWTs operating in a turbulent boundary layer with varying operating conditions and aspect ratios. For all of the cases, the momentum diameter scaling provides reasonable predictions of the VAWT normalized maximum wake velocity deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: To compare the degree of conversion of resin cores in various types of cavities and determine an effective irradiation method for achieving a higher degree of conversion. (2) Methods: Four different-sized cavities (narrow–shallow, narrow–deep, wide–shallow, and wide–deep) were simulated using a Teflon mold. The light irradiance reaching the bottom of each mold was measured by positioning a radiometer. The degree of conversion of the dual-cure resin core after irradiation (400 mW/cm2 for 20 s, 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s, and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s) was measured using Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy. (3) Results: The highest light irradiance was found at the bottom of wide–shallow cavities, followed by wide–deep, narrow–shallow, and narrow–deep ones (p < 0.001). In narrow cavities, irradiation at 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s led to a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.001). In wide cavities, irradiation at 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s both led to a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Less curing light reaches the bottom of cavities with a smaller diameter and greater depth. Providing a higher irradiance of light can induce a higher degree of conversion of resin composites in narrower cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let F$F$ be a diagonal cubic form over Z$\mathbb {Z}$ in six variables. From the dual variety in the delta method of Duke–Friedlander–Iwaniec and Heath‐Brown, we unconditionally extract a weighted count of certain special integral zeros of F$F$ in regions of diameter X→∞$X \rightarrow \infty$. Heath‐Brown did the same in four variables, but our analysis differs and captures some novel features. We also put forth an axiomatic framework for more general F$F$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated AC breakdown characteristics of ultra violet curable epoxy resin (UV‐EP) with nitrogen fine bubbles (FBs) in order to improve insulating properties of UV‐EP. As a result, it was found that self‐made FB generator mainly add FBs with a diameter between 60 and 150 nm to FB‐EP before curing. In addition, SEM images revealed that FB‐EP has FBs after curing. Bubble diameter in FB‐EP after curing was estimated between 55 and 140 nm due to resin shrinkage. Furthermore, partial discharge inception voltage and electric strength of FB‐EP with FB addition for 10 min were almost the same as No FB‐EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We initiate the investigation of the parameterized complexity of Diameter and Connectivity in the streaming paradigm. On the positive end, we show that knowing a vertex cover of size k allows for algorithms in the Adjacency List (AL) streaming model whose number of passes is constant and memory is O (log n) for any fixed k. Underlying these algorithms is a method to execute a breadth-first search in O (k) passes and O (k log n) bits of memory. On the negative end, we show that many other parameters lead to lower bounds in the AL model, where Ω (n / p) bits of memory is needed for any p-pass algorithm even for constant parameter values. In particular, this holds for graphs with a known modulator (deletion set) of constant size to a graph that has no induced subgraph isomorphic to a fixed graph H, for most H. For some cases, we can also show one-pass, Ω (n log n) bits of memory lower bounds. We also prove a much stronger Ω (n 2 / p) lower bound for Diameter on bipartite graphs. Finally, using the insights we developed into streaming parameterized graph exploration algorithms, we show a new streaming kernelization algorithm for computing a vertex cover of size k. This yields a kernel of 2k vertices (with O (k 2) edges) produced as a stream in poly (k) passes and only O (k log n) bits of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An n-dimensional folded spined cube denoted as F S Q n is one of the new interconnection networks. It is a new variant of hypercube, and it can be generated from spined cube by adding a perfect matching. Folded spined cube has lower cost and less diameter compared to some interconnection networks like hypercube and spined cube. Additionally, it is necessary to study some properties regarding to connectivity for a novel and valuable network. In this paper, we determine that the connectivity and edge-connectivity of F S Q n are both n + 1 for n ≥ 2 , its super-connectivity and super-edge connectivity are both 2n for n ≥ 4 , and its generalized 3-connectivity is n + 1 for n ≥ 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eccentricity matrix ε(G) of a graph G is defined as...Let Tt be a t-clique tree corresponding to the tree T(underlying graph of Tt) with order n' = (n-1)t+1 and diameter d. In this paper, we identify the extremal t-clique trees with given diameter having the minimum e-spectral radius. Simultaneously, we calculate the lower bound of e-spectral radius of t-clique trees when n - d is odd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite classical group generated by transvections, i.e., one of SL n (q) , SU n (q) , Sp 2 n (q) , or O 2 n ± (q) (q even) , and let X be a generating set for G containing at least one transvection. Building on work of Garonzi, Halasi, and Somlai, we prove that the diameter of the Cayley graph Cay (G , X) is bounded by (n log ⁡ q) C for some constant C. This confirms Babai's conjecture on the diameter of finite simple groups in the case of generating sets containing a transvection. By combining this with a result of the author and Jezernik it follows that if G is one of SL n (q) , SU n (q) , Sp 2 n (q) and X contains three random generators then with high probability the diameter Cay (G , X) is bounded by n O (log ⁡ q). This confirms Babai's conjecture for non-orthogonal classical simple groups over small fields and three random generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolivia has an outstanding tetrapod ichnological record from the uppermost Cretaceous deposits plus a new Triassic locality recently reported. Here, we report a new ichnosite, the first for the Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous in the Castellón Formation (Tarija, Bolivia) bearing about 350 dinosaur tracks. With the exception of few tridactyl tracks, all exhibit sauropod characteristics. The exposed set consists of three mediumgauge, subparallel large quadrupedal trackways, with one trackway oriented in opposite direction to the other two. The best preserved trackway shows large pedes of about 95 cm and 75 cm in length and width, respectively. The trackmaker was about 3.80 m in height at the hip and walked at a speed under 5 km/h. Available evidence suggests that the producer of the more detailed trackway may be a member of non-Neosauropoda Eusauropoda, even if a titanosauriform producer cannot be discarded. Dozens of small-sized sauropod tracks, less than 15 cm in pes diameter, appear associated with two of the trackways. The distribution of these trackways provides elements to test gregariousness among trackmakers if a possible synchronism is accepted. Wanderings recognisable on the sediment surface suggest that they may collectively represent an ichnological example of herd behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histological structure of long bones from bony-toothed birds (Odontopterygiformes) from Early Lutetian locality Ikove (Ukraine) is examined for the first time. Six limb bones from Pelagornithidae cf. Dasornis sp. and Lutetodontopteryx tethyensis are described. The bones, although usually being fragmented, show good preservation at the microscopic level. Their microstructure (e.g. orientation and diameter of primary osteons) significantly varies, but the basic pattern and, therefore, the way of growth matches that of recent Neognathae (as well as a number of extinct taxa). In young birds, the periosteum quickly deposited well-vascularised primary bone, which at the same time was resorbed from inside, then the animal reached adult size and fast bone growth gave way to much slower deposition of circumferential layers of lamellar or parallel-fibred tissue on the outer and inner bone surfaces. The bones also underwent Haversian remodelling of various extent (from nearly absent to nearly full), generally stronger in larger bones and in the inner compacta. Bone microstructure is consistent with high metabolic rates, expected in Odontopterygiformes, and implies that their growth rates were comparable to those of recent Neognathae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centrality measures are scalar values given to each vertex in the graph to quantify its importance based on an assumption. Stress and tension are the two centrality measures which depends on shortest paths. Stress of a vertex v is the number of shortest paths passing through vertex v whereas, tension on an edge e is the number of shortest paths passing through the edge e. In this paper, authors obtain formulae for the evaluation of stress and tension of certain graphs and graph operations with diameter less than or equal to two. Also obtain tension of some wheel related graphs such as gear graph, helm graph, flower graph and sunflower graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronous multiple pure ground-glass opacities (SMpGGOs) are observed more commonly. Nevertheless whether characteristics of SMpGGOs are similar to those of solitary pure ground-glass opacities (SpGGOs), remains unknown. This retrospective study aimed to compare radiographic characteristics between SMpGGOs and SpGGOs. We retrospectively included patients along with SpGGOs or SMpGGOs at XXX between August 2018 and June 2020. They were enrolled in two groups (SpGGOs and SMpGGOs). The clinical records, pathologic features, and radiographic manifestations of two groups were collected and compared with SPSS 21.0. 138 patients (58 patients with 58 SpGGOs, 80 patients with 187 SMpGGOs) were evaluated. The threshold values of maximal diameters and mean computed tomography value for adenocarcinoma were 5.5 mm (sensitivity 86.4%, specificity 55.6%, AUC 0.777) and -615.0 Hu in SMpGGOs (sensitivity 61.4%, specificity 66.7%, AUC 0.651) for SMpGGOs, whereas 12.5 mm (sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.851) and -531.9 Hu (sensitivity 43.2%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.724) in SpGGOs. The threshold values of maximal diameters and mean computed tomography value for adenocarcinoma in SMpGGOs may be smaller than those in SpGGOs (5.5 mm vs. 12.5mm, -615.0 Hu vs. -531.9 Hu). • There were different radiological features between SpGGOs and SMpGGOs (p<0.05). • SpGGOs had a larger proportion of adenocarcinomas (MIA and IAC) than that in SMpGGOs. • Maximal-diameters and mean CT value are independent predictors for adenocarcinoma. • Maximal diameters and mean CT value for adenocarcinoma in SMpGGOs may be smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a geometric version of first-passage percolation on the complete graph, known as long-range first-passage percolation. Here, the vertices of the complete graph K n are embedded in the d-dimensional torus T n d , and each edge e is assigned an independent transmission time T e = ‖ e ‖ T n d α E e , where E e is a rate-one exponential random variable associated with the edge e, ‖ · ‖ T n d denotes the torus-norm, and α ≥ 0 is a parameter. We are interested in the case α ∈ [ 0 , d) , which corresponds to the instantaneous percolation regime for long-range first-passage percolation on Z d studied by Chatterjee and Dey [14], and which extends first-passage percolation on the complete graph (the α = 0 case) studied by Janson [24]. We consider the typical distance, flooding time, and diameter of the model. Our results show a 1, 2, 3-type result, akin to first-passage percolation on the complete graph as shown by Janson. The results also provide a quantitative perspective to the qualitative results observed by Chatterjee and Dey on Z d . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On condition that the upper load varies greatly from area to area, the stiffness of a composite foundation usually needs to be adjusted and optimized by changing the length or diameter of a proportion of piles to control the differential settlement within the allowable range. However, compared with the short and long pile composite foundations that have been comprehensively studied with the normalized method for settlement calculation, few research attentions have been concentrated on the load displacement response of composite foundation of variable pile diameters (CFVPD). In this study, a large-scale model test was conducted to study the load transfer mechanisms of CFVPD under static loading. The results indicated that increasing the pile diameter of large diameter piles effectively reduced the settlement of CFVPD. In addition, the large diameter pile exhibited greater pile head load and pile base resistance than the small diameter pile. During the loading process, three phases of pile–soil interaction relationship were observed for both large and small diameter piles and the neutral plane gradually shifted downward. To develop the analytical model, the CFVPD was discretized into a series of analytical elements representing individual piles, with each characterized by distinct influence areas, by establishing a zero shear stress interface to represent the location of negligible shear stress induced by each pile on the surrounding soil. Then, the stress state and deformation of soil between piles could be described by a series of differential equations and solved according to the stress equilibrium condition and deformation compatibility condition using a three-phase hardening model to consider the pile–soil interaction. Meanwhile, the compression deformation of underlying soil stratum could be conventionally calculated using a stress diffusion method. The relatively good agreement between predictions and experimental data indicated that the proposed method could be a valuable and convenient tool in the predictions of the settlement of CFVPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring with identity. An element r was called to be nil-clean if r was a sum of an idempotent and a nilpotent element in R. The nil-clean graph of R was a simple graph, denoted by GNC(R), whose vertex set was R, where two distinct vertices x and y were adjacent if, and only if, x + y was a nil-clean element of R. In the absence of the condition that vertex x is not the same as y, the graph defined in the same way was called the closed nil-clean graph of R, which may contain loops, and was denoted by GNC(R). In this short note, we completely determine the diameter of GNC(Zn). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This experimental study was designed to compare radial forces between the central portion and both ends of balloon catheters when dilating stenosis. Materials and Methods: Three balloon catheters of 6 and 8 mm in diameter and of variable length were tested: Mustang, Conquest, and Genoss PTA. Cylindrical modules to position balloon catheters and install the measuring tip during radial force measurements were made using a 3D printer. The measuring tip created 20% stenosis at the inner lumen. Both ends and center of the balloon catheter were located at the measuring tip. The radial force was measured after inflating the balloon catheter to the rated burst pressure. Results: For the different diameters and lengths of balloon catheters and cylinder sizes, the median inccenter, the radial rease in radial force at the distal end compared to the center was 16.5% (range: 9.8–35.2%) for Mustang, 12.4% (range: 10.3–25.5%) for Genoss, and 7.4% (range: −0.3–13.1%) for Conquest balloon catheters. Similarly, compared to that at the force at the proximal end was 10.8% greater (range: −2.9–18.3%) for Mustang, 9.9% greater (range: 3.9–22.3%) for Genoss, and 7.3% greater (range: −1.3–12.4%) for Conquest catheters. Conclusion: The radial force is greater at both ends of the balloon than at the central portion, especially at the distal end. Dilation using the distal end of the balloon catheter is a practical method that can be applied in clinical practice without additional devices when encountering resistant stenosis, especially with semi-compliant balloons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scale-free networks are prevalently observed in a great variety of complex systems, which triggers various researches relevant to networked models of such type. In this work, we propose a family of growth tree networks \(\mathcal{T}_{t}\) , which turn out to be scale-free, in an iterative manner. As opposed to most of published tree models with scale-free feature, our tree networks have the power-law exponent \(\gamma=1{ + }\ln 5/\ln 2\) that is obviously larger than \(3\). At the same time, "small-world" property can not be found particularly because models \(\mathcal{T}_{t}\) have an ultra-large diameter \(D_{t}\) (i.e., \(D_{t}\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{\ln 3/\ln 5}\)) and a greater average shortest path length \(\langle\mathcal{W}_{t}\rangle\) (namely, \(\langle\mathcal{W}_{t}\rangle\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{\ln 3/\ln 5}\)) where \(|\mathcal{T}_{t}|\) represents vertex number. Next, we determine Pearson correlation coefficient and verify that networks \(\mathcal{T}_{t}\) display disassortative mixing structure. In addition, we study random walks on tree networks \(\mathcal{T}_{t}\) and derive exact solution to mean hitting time \(\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle\). The results suggest that the analytic formula for quantity \(\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle\) as a function of vertex number \(|\mathcal{T}_{t}|\) shows a power-law form, i.e., \(\langle\mathcal{H}_{t}\rangle\sim|\mathcal{T}_{t}|^{1+\ln 3/\ln 5}\). Accordingly, we execute extensive experimental simulations, and demonstrate that empirical analysis is in strong agreement with theoretical results. Lastly, we provide a guide to extend the proposed iterative manner in order to generate more general scale-free tree networks with large diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NETmix is a network of mixing chambers interconnected by channels, in which the most efficient mixing occurs under chaotic flow regimes. Chaos is highly influenced by the topology, particularly by the ratio chamber diameter/channel width, D/d. In this work, micromixing in NETmix is characterized through Lagrangian Mixing Simulation (LMS), which enables to establish the relation between the degree of mixing and the topology, D/d. The degree of mixing is then related with the Eulerian chaoticity from hydrodynamics and spectral analysis. The best mixing is obtained at D/d = 6.65 and is associated to a thin 8 shaped strange attractor. The spectral analysis shows a principal oscillation frequency at St = 0.13. Since the quasi‐periodic regime is alternated with chaotic behavior, NETmix has an intermittent bifurcation. For the NETmix system, orderly flows in the quasi‐periodic regime have higher mixing intensity than less orderly flows in the weak or strong chaotic regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a hyperplane H supporting a convex body C in the hyperbolic space H d , we define the width of C determined by H as the distance between H and a most distant ultraparallel hyperplane supporting C. The minimum width of C over all supporting H is called the thickness Δ (C) of C. A convex body R ⊂ H d is said to be reduced if Δ (Z) < Δ (R) for every convex body Z properly contained in R. We describe a class of reduced polygons in H 2 and present some properties of them. In particular, we estimate their diameters in terms of their thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) has the disadvantage of a lower histopathological complete resection rate (HCRR) because blunt resection using CSP‐dedicated snares (DSs) causes mucosal retraction into the sheath during capture/resection. In this study, attachments are designed to narrow the sheath tip's inner diameter from 1.8 to 1.3‒1.1 mm to prevent mucosal retraction. Eight prototype snares with different component characteristics are combined with these attachments. Additionally, product version DS with attachment (Smart Snare Cold) and existing DSs, such as Exacto Cold Snare, are prepared. For snare performance evaluation, the force required to resect (FRR) human colonic mucosa, mucosal retraction amount (MRA), and clinical data are obtained. The attachments that narrowed the inner diameter to 1.3 or 1.1 mm reduce the FRR to 74.9%−93.8% and 68.0%−84.9%, respectively, and reduce the MRA to 21.0%−35.3% and 15.1%−26.8%, respectively. Thus, the reduced inner diameter improves resection ability and prevents mucosal retraction. The clinical findings show that Smart Snare Cold has significantly higher muscularis mucosa resection rates and HCRRs than Exacto Cold Snare (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Thus, the novel DS with tip attachment improves the HCRR and overcomes the current CSP disadvantage by simultaneously improving resection ability and preventing mucosal retraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing light‐diffusing material (LDM) combined with high haze and high transmittance has a significant value, but it is a challenge for the industry. The refractive index and diameter of light‐diffusing particles are the main factors. Two series of silicone microspheres with different diameters and refractive indices were prepared through precipitation polymerization and applied in LDM. The morphology of particles and LDM were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The corresponding thermal stability was studied by a thermal gravimetric analyzer. Furthermore, the influence of diameter and refractive index on light‐diffusing properties was explored systematically. The results show that the silicone particles have excellent thermal stability and can disperse evenly in a polycarbonate matrix. The corresponding LDM also has good thermal stability. It is the diameter, not the refractive index, acting as the key factor in preparing LDM combined with high haze and high transmittance. When achieving the same haze, selecting an appropriate diameter can prepare LDM with higher transmittance than other diameters. Different refractive indices lead to similar transmittance and haze of LDMs, but the refractive index can markedly affect the loading of particles to achieve an expected light‐diffusing property. This research has aspiring guidance for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the unit-Jacobson graph, which is defined by the unit elements and the elements of the Jacobson radical of a commutative ring R with nonzero identity. We give relationships between this new graph concept and some special rings such as j-clean rings, UJ-rings, local rings, and cartesian rings. Moreover, we investigate the concepts of the dominating set, diameter, and girth on the unit-Jacobson graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous work suggests that the arrangement of elements in an obstruction may influence the bulk flow velocity through the obstruction, but the physical mechanisms for this influence are not yet clear. This is the motivation for this study, where direct numerical simulation is used to investigate flow through an array of cylinders at a resolution sufficient to observe interactions between wakes of individual elements. The arrangement is altered by varying the gap ratio $G/d$ (1.2 – 18, G is the distance between two adjacent cylinders, d is the cylinder diameter), array-to-element diameter ratio $D/d$ (3.6 – 200, D is the array diameter), and incident flow angle ($0^{\circ} - 30^{\circ}$). Depending on the element arrangement, it is found that the average root-mean-square lift and drag coefficients can vary by an order of magnitude, whilst the average time-mean drag coefficient of individual cylinders ($\overline{C_{d}}$), and the bulk velocity are found to vary by up to $50\,\%$ and a factor of 2, respectively. These arrangement effects are a consequence of the variation in flow and drag characteristics of individual cylinders within the array. The arrangement effects become most critical in the intermediate range of flow blockage parameter $\mathit{\Gamma_{D}^{\prime}} = 0.5-1.5$ ($\mathit{\Gamma_{D}^{\prime}}=\overline{C_{d}}aD/(1-\phi)$ , where a is frontal element area per unit volume, and $\phi$ is solid volume fraction), due to the high variability in element-scale flow characteristics. Across the full range of arrangements modelled, it is confirmed that the bulk velocity is governed by flow blockage parameter but only if the drag coefficient incorporates arrangement effects. Using these results, this paper proposes a framework for describing and predicting flow through an array across a variety of arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For f : R 2 → R $f:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}\to {\mathbb{R}}$, let Γ R( f ) ${{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{{\mathbb{R}}}(f)$ be a two‐dimensional algebraically defined graph, that is, a bipartite graph where each partite set is a copy of R 2 ${{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}$ and two vertices (a , a 2 ) $(a,{a}_{2})$ and [x , x 2 ] $[x,{x}_{2}]$ are adjacent if and only if a 2 + x 2 = f(a , x ) ${a}_{2}+{x}_{2}=f(a,x)$. It is known that Γ R(X Y ) ${{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{{\mathbb{R}}}(XY)$ has girth 6 and can be extended to the point‐line incidence graph of the classical real projective plane. However, it was unknown whether there exists f ∈ R[X , Y ] $f\in {\mathbb{R}}[X,Y]$ such that Γ R( f ) ${{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{{\mathbb{R}}}(f)$ has girth 6 and is nonisomorphic to Γ R(X Y ) ${{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{{\mathbb{R}}}(XY)$. This paper answers this question affirmatively and thus provides a construction of a nonclassical real projective plane. This paper also studies the diameter and girth of Γ R( f ) ${{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{{\mathbb{R}}}(f)$ for families of bivariate functions f $f$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusion The novel cryoballoon with 28 mm or 31 mm adjustable diameters, aims to achieve a wide antral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, the distribution of antral lesions and their variations based on left atrial (LA) remodeling require further clarification.We evaluated 22 patients (67 [59.5–74.8] years, 19 males) who underwent PVI of atrial fibrillation (AF) (13 paroxysmal AF [PAF] and 9 non‐PAF) using size‐adjustable cryoballoons. LA electro‐anatomical mapping was performed post‐PVI with three‐dimensional mapping systems. We assessed the shapes of the LA and pulmonary veins (PVs) and the distribution of isolated areas (IAs), comparing the results between PAF and non‐PAF patients.In the left PVs (LPVs), the distance between the PV orifice and IA edge (PVos‐IA) was larger on the roof and posterior segments (~15 mm) but relatively smaller on the anterior segment near the PV ridge (<10 mm). For the right PVs (RPVs), it was more extensive in the posterior segment (10–15 mm). Comparing PAF and non‐PAF, there were no significant differences in the PVos‐IA except for the right posterior‐carina segment, antrum IA (LPVs: 5.9 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 0.8 cm², p = .81; RPVs: 4.8 ± 2.3 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 cm², p = .81), distances between the right and left IAs on the LA posterior wall (LAPW), and un‐isolated LAPW area (9.0 ± 4.9 vs. 9.9 ± 2.5 cm², p = .62). No individual PVIs were observed in either group. Two patients exhibited overlapping IAs on the roof, and one patient who underwent 31 mm balloon applications for all PVs exhibited an LAPW isolation.The size‐adjustable cryoballoon achieved a wide antral PVI even in non‐PAF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evanescent field (EF) has been widely applied in various micro-imaging techniques for its ability to excite surfaces. However, measuring the multi-angle EF remains challenging. In this paper, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is observed in an excited microsphere on an optical waveguide (OWG) with a thickness of 0.6 mm, which is used to determine the diameter of the excited microsphere. A simple and nondestructive measurement method for multi-angle OWG-EF is proposed, which is based on the reliable diameter of the microsphere, determined by WGM and the TIRF spots. The measurement result for multi-angle OWG-EF shows a dynamic range between ∼180 and ∼2400 nm, which shows good agreement with the simulation results. The method synchronization possible for EF measurements and fluorescent experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In broadband terahertz waves generated by femtosecond lasers, spatial chirp will be simultaneously produced with the introduction of angular dispersion. The chirp characteristics of the terahertz wave will directly affect the frequency response, bandwidth response, and intensity response of the terahertz sensor. To enhance the capability of terahertz sensors, it is necessary to control and improve the chirped characteristics of broadband terahertz sources. We generate a chirped terahertz wave via optical rectification in a LiNbO3 prism using the technique of pulse front tilt. The effect of the pump-beam spot size on THz generation is systematically studied. The pump's spot size is manipulated using a telescope system. With a pump spot diameter of 1.8 mm, the scanning spectrum of the THz pulse is narrower and is divided into multiple distinct peaks. In contrast, using a pump spot diameter of 3.7 mm leads to increased efficiency in the generation of THz pulses. Also, we investigate the underlying properties governing the generation of chirped terahertz pulses using varying pump pulse spot diameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Contribution to determining the diameter of piles based on thermal integrity profilingWhen carrying out thermal integrity profiling (TIP), it is often said that the profiling serves, among other things, to determine the cubature of the pile created. In the relevant publications on TIP, Pile Dynamics, Inc., among others, points out that this is only an estimate of the concrete cover or excess concrete during pile production. In particular, in this case it is assumed that the installed concrete volume must also be monitored in order to contrast this with the measurement results. However, from the authors′ point of view, this alone is not enough to draw a well‐founded conclusion about the pile cubature from the temperature records. This approach appears to be problematic, particularly with special shapes. As part of the 17th Hans Lorenz Symposium 2023 at the Technical University of Berlin, the first “New findings on Thermal Integrity Profiling (TIP) on deep piles with special shapes” were presented. These findings were expanded upon as part of further investigations using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics and are presented in more detail below. The result is that the influencing factors are so diverse that even if they are taken into account, no conclusions can be drawn about the diameter. This is clearly presented by the authors below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the uplift capacity and facilitate the installation of multi-row perfobond connectors at shallow burial depths, this study puts forward a novel notched T-perfobond connector. The design incorporates an integrated flange at the bottom of the connector and a notch at the edge of the hole. Through pull-out model tests on four notched T-perfobond connectors, this research investigates their failure mechanisms and pull-out capacities. Utilizing the explicit dynamics method in ABAQUS, a finite-element model of the pull-out resistance test for notched T-perfobond connectors is established and verified against experimental data. Furthermore, a detailed parametric analysis involving 54 models is conducted, examining crucial parameters such as rib dimensions, hole geometry, flange size, notch width, bar diameter, and material properties. Based on the combined experimental and numerical results, this paper assesses the suitability of current formulas for calculating the pull-out capacity of perfobond connectors and proposes a refined calculation method specifically for notched T-perfobond connectors. All the findings reported in this paper can serve as a reference in the design and construction of composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow structure around limited-size vegetation patches is crucial for understanding sediment transport and vegetation succession trends. While the influence of vegetation density has been extensively explored, the impact of the relative diameter of vegetation stems remains relatively unclear. After validating the reliability of the numerical model with experimental data, this study conducted 2D-URANS simulations (SST k-ω) to investigate the impact of varying relative diameters d/D under different vegetation densities λ on the hydrodynamic characteristics and drag force of vegetation patches. The results show that increasing d/D and decreasing λ are equivalent, both contributing to increased spacing between cylinder elements, allowing for the formation of element-scale Kármán vortices. Compared to vegetation density λ, the non-dimensional frontal area aD is a better predictor for the presence of array-scale Kármán vortex streets. Within the parameter range covered in this study, array-scale Kármán vortex streets appear when aD ≥ 1.4, which will significantly alter sediment transport patterns. For the same vegetation density, increasing the relative diameter d/D leads to a decrease in the array drag coefficient C ¯ D and an increase in the average element drag coefficient C ¯ d . When parameterizing vegetation resistance using aD, all data points collapse onto a single curve, following the relationships C ¯ D = 0.34 ln a D + 0.78 and C ¯ d = − 0.42 ln a D + 0.82 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mechanical cutting industry, trial production is used for predicting and evaluating the quality of product processes before batch production, and it can be expressed through the qualification rate. However, it cannot objectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality of product processes. This study optimizes the analysis of outliers and stability in mathematical statistics to better apply it in the mechanical cutting industry; then, it combines them with process capability analysis. Simultaneously, considering the non-normal distribution of process parameters, a batch production-prediction model is proposed. The reliability of batch production-prediction model is verified by the diameter, roundness and roughness of structural common samples. Meanwhile, for other mechanical parts in the mechanical cutting industry, the model proposed in this paper can be used to quickly and accurately predict and evaluate batch production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) crystals have been progressing toward n-type, large diameter and low oxygen concentration. For this purpose, the modified heating zone structure for 300 mm diameter n-type Cz-Si crystal growth with dual side-heaters has been proposed; moreover, its feasibility and effectiveness were verified through numerical simulations and on-site experiments herein. The simulation results indicate that the proposed crystal growth technique with modified parameters can effectively enhance the uniformity of longitudinal temperature gradient in the silicon melt and lower the temperature at the silica crucible bottom, for reducing the oxygen concentration at the crystal head. Based on it, 300 mm diameter n-type recharged Cz-Si (RCz-Si) crystals with an oxygen concentration in the range of 9.5–10.5 ppma were grown in on-site experiments, which is much lower than that grown in a conventional heating zone structure. More importantly, the photoluminescence (PL) images of the quarter wafers taken at the as-grown Cz-Si crystal head, middle and bottom have shown that little metastable defects can be annealed out during typical high-temperature oxidation at 1000 °C, confirming the excellent stability of thermally induced degradation. Consequently, this manuscript has demonstrated that the proposed crystal growth technique can realize dual goals of oxygen concentration control and crystal quality assurance in 300 mm diameter n-type Cz-Si crystal growth, which may promote the development of large diameter Cz-Si crystal growth techniques and the related application industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is known as pineapple residue and has potential as a textile material. Typical yarn manufacturing adopts ring spinning technique, yet it is challenging for course fibers, including PALF. PALF has been used in clothing and paper production using textile thread. It has the highest modulus among leaf fibers, comparable to synthetic fibers such as aramid and glass, and possesses the greatest tensile strength among leaf fibers. PALF has high fineness index makes it ideal for industrial yarn and woven fabric applications. Using natural fibers offers benefits such as being environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and lightweight yet sturdy. This study evaluates the physical properties of PALF-cotton yarn at three twist speeds, two total drafts, and three PALF-cotton blending ratios. The methodology of this study involves carding, drawing, and ring spinning of the PALF-cotton fibers. The process starts with cutting and opening PALF before blending it with cotton fiber using a carding machine. The finding shows that the average diameter and fineness values range from 205 μm to 458 μm and 31.2 to 67.0 tex, respectively. The study also reported that twist speed, total draft, and blending ratio affect the diameter and fineness of the yarns. In contrast, the increment of twist speed and total draft decreases the fineness and diameter of PALF-cotton yarns. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) shows great potential in the apparel industry. Three regression models were presented to predict the future ring-spinning process, and pineapple waste can be repurposed into valuable products, reducing overall waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gestational age (GA) may be assessed at any time during pregnancy, and several modes of assessment exist, each requiring better diagnostic techniques that may result in more precise estimates of GA, which could lead to quicker medical management of a pregnant patient. The largest diameter across both hemispheres, measured from outer to outer margin, is the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD). Aims and Objectives: We aimed to predict the correlation between TCD measured by cranial ultrasound within 48 h of birth and GA as estimated by the last menstrual period. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. It was a cross-sectional observational study and the duration of the study was 6 months. We split the population into three groups based on GA: (a) <32 weeks of GA, (b) 32-36+6 days of GA, and (c) 37-42 weeks of GA. We enrolled 25 neonates from each group. Results: A very strong positive correlation between TCD and GA in infants was <32 weeks of gestation age, in infants 32-36 weeks+6 days of gestation age, and in infants 37-42 weeks of gestation age. Regression analysis shows a very strongly significant relationship. Hence, the TCD is a better predictor of GA in the third trimester. Our study reported that there is a close relationship between TCD and GA, with TCD increasing linearly from <32 weeks to 42 weeks. GA can be predicted to be 1.43 weeks by assessing TCD on neonatal cranial ultrasonography images. Conclusion: The TCD is a better predictor of GA in the third trimester. Our study reported that there is a close relationship between TCD and GA, with TCD increasing linearly from <32 weeks to 42 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formal kinetics of the interaction of acrylonitrile (AN) and cyclopentadiene (CPD) by the Diels–Alder reaction in the presence of industrial zeolites has been studied. The dependence of the reaction rate constants of interacting components on the geometric properties of porous materials was revealed. The established dependence had a negative extremum at a zeolite pore diameter of 4 Å. It was shown that, in the presence of zeolites, the rate constant of the reaction under consideration was lower than that in the reaction carried out without porous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of slip structure on the mechanical behavior and residual strength of casing, parameters such as support force and friction force between slips and casing were derived based on the interaction relationship between slips and casing. Tensile tests were conducted on casing materials in this paper, and the working process of anchoring casing with single and double slips was simulated. The influence of indentation depth on the residual strength of casing was analyzed. The results show that the deformation of the casing is relatively severe when the single slip sealing force reaches 120 kN. According to the law of residual strength curve, there is a turning point where the stress concentration factor tends to be gentle, and the corresponding indentation depth value at this point increases with the increase in casing diameter. Single slips were unable to effectively bite into P110 and P125 casings, and the bite did not achieve the effect of setting the casing. However, when double slips were used to anchor the casing, the inner wall of the casing had deeper indentation, and the double slips could firmly seat the casing. These results indicate that replacing single slips with double slips can effectively achieve the setting effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flow diversion has significantly improved the management of cerebral aneurysms. Technological advancements and increased clinical experience over the past decade have led to better outcomes and fewer complications. This study provides updated results and examines the factors that influence the success of flow diversion. Methods: We reviewed records of 115 patients with 121 intracranial aneurysms treated from July 2014 to August 2023. All patients had unruptured aneurysms in the anterior and posterior circulation. Results: Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 72.7% of cases, with a complication rate of 9.1%. Significant predictors of complete occlusion included aneurysm diameter (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.97, p = 0.009) and the presence of incorporated branches (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.59, p = 0.003). Cox analysis identified neck diameter (HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98, p = 0.009) and incorporated branch (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.69, p = 0.001) as significant for occlusion. Multivariable analysis identified aneurysm diameter (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.37, p = 0.001) as significant for safety outcomes. Improved outcomes were observed in recent treatments, with higher occlusion rates (79.7% vs. 61.7%, p = 0.050) and lower complication rates (4.1% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Enhanced technical proficiency, better devices, and refined patient selection have significantly improved the efficacy and safety of flow diversion for cerebral aneurysms. Identifying significant predictors for treatment success and safety outcomes can inform clinical practice, aiding in patient selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]