Search

This study was carried out on the rotation of cowpea-rye + cowpea in successive crops for green manure-sorghum grains, with the objective of increasing the fertility of sandy soils by incorporating green cowpea manure into the soil in combination with chemical fertilization with NPK. In this sense, after harvesting the rye plant, the cowpea was sown, which was then incorporated into the soil during the formation of the beans in the pod. Before incorporating the cowpea biomass into the soil, the initial fertility status of the soil was assessed, and in the spring, the soil was sown with sorghum grain in two fertilization variants (N80P80K80 and N150P80K80). The soil chemical analyses carried out at the end of the vegetation cycle of the sorghum plant showed that by incorporating 52.4 t/ha green cowpea biomass (9.24 t/ha dry biomass), the quality properties of the soil were significantly improved, with annual increases of 0.17–0.29 g/kg in total nitrogen, 9.5–13.33 mg/kg in extractable phosphorus, 11.33–24 mg/kg in exchangeable potassium, and 0.08–0.12 g/kg in organic carbon, also depending on the sorghum fertilization system. It has also been shown to reduce the acidity of the soil pH and improve the water holding capacity of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to highlight the amplitude of climate changes in the southwest of Romania, at Dăbuleni Research - Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands (SCDCPN Dăbuleni), the climatic data from the archives of the own meteorological station were analyzed and processed over a period of 65 years. The dynamics of meteorological phenomena in the period 1956-2020 was analyzed, a sufficiently long period for a meaningful analysis and correct conclusions. Data processing from the 780 months and more than 23,400 data records was the source of our conclusions. Helman's criterion was used to determine the types of thermal and pluviometric time, and as normal climatic averages the averages of the measurements of the climatic parameters of the 65 years were used, the period being significantly extended. The thermal norm in the Dăbuleni area is much higher than in most of Oltenia with monthly summer averages between 21.6 ℃ in June, 23.6 ℃ in July and 23.0 ℃ in August, and the seasonal average summer of 22.8 ℃. Summer heat produces staged forcing of the sweet pepper crop and early and massive ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a herbaceous annual C4-type plant, with a high ecological plasticity because it can be grown in tropical, subtropical, temperate and semi-arid regions, harnessing soils with reduced natural fertility, from the category of sandy soils. Studies on 5 sweet sorghum hybrids studied under psamosols in southern Oltenia highlight a bioenergy potential in the milk-wax phase of the grain, ranging from 60847.4-89338.65 Mcal / ha, with a maximum in the hybrid Shaşm 2, which achieved a distinctly significant difference in production, compared to the average production of hybrids. The results recorded in sugar sorghum production were positively correlated, significantly distinct with leaf index determined during the flowering of the plants (r = 0.9854**).

The area of psamosols in southern Oltenia is characterized by thermohydraulic stress, accentuated by the thermal resources recorded and by the poor hydrophysical properties of the soil. Higher capitalization of these lands has been an important concern both in the world and in our country, and the choice of plant species with increased drought resistance and low water consumption is a measure to counteract the negative effects of the drought. The humidity analysis of a psamosol, on the 0-125 cm profile, indicates a momentary supply of reduced water and a water deficit compared to the field capacity of -34.4 ... -65.5 m3 / ha. In order to obtain economic results on these soils, it is necessary to cultivate low-water plants, such as a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) that consumes about 4160 m3 / ha, compared to soybeans that have almost double consumption. The results obtained in 4 genotypes of cowpea highlight the daily average values of the plant's foliar sweating, in the blooming phase, ranging between 4.05 -5.23 mmol H2O / m2 / s, which correlated negatively with the level of grain production.

Jerusalem artichoke grows underground tubers that store fructans, primarily inulin, which are considered as prebiotics and functional dietary fibre with positive physiological benefits on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the yield and nutritional quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers according to different cropping systems on dry sandy soils from Southern Romania. The experiments were carried out during 2018-2020 at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental combined factors applied were fertilization with plants density (5×2). After the tubers were harvested, their quality was evaluated using standard methods. The results suggest that Jerusalem artichoke crop has minimal requirements for fertilization and tolerates very well high plants density without affecting significantly the yield and the nutritional features analysed, respectively the contents in total dry matter, soluble dry matter, inulin, soluble carbo-hydrates and C vitamin. A significant positive correlation was determined between the soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates content. The assessed biochemical compounds displayed high values in both fertilized and unfertilized conditions and in both densities, showing that Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop with multifunctional high growing potential in marginal terrains usually improper for the conventional crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the degree of food security in the areas affected by thermohydric stress in Romania, the aim is to identify new species of plants that can optimally exploit the microclimate of the area, through their biological potential. The pedoclimatic conditions recorded in the southern part of Romania offer an optimal microclimate for the growth and development of the sweet potato plant (Ipomoea batatas), which is a thermophilic plant, specific to tropical and subtropical areas. Research carried out between 2020-2022 on the sandy soils of southern Oltenia, showed that the sweet potato genotype s studied behaved differently in terms of tuber quality, accumulating a total amount of dry matter between 27% for the variety JUHWANGMI and 46.98% in the variety HAYANMI, with a variety average of 35.35%. Obtaining competitive productions is influenced by the choice of the most suitable sweet potato genotype for the area of sandy soils in S-W Oltenia. The average production for the three years of the study showed values between 17804 kg/ha for the DCh 19/3 genotype and 53368 kg/ha for the DK 19/1 genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marginal sandy soils are frequently characterized by low fertility, low organic matter, moderate to high acidity and low cationic exchange capacity, limiting the options of smallholding farmers for various crops. To investigate the impact of the sowing time on grain yield, yield components, protein and oil content of peanuts cultivated in marginal sandy soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania, a bifactorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2015-2017 at the Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni. The first factor was sowing time (the 25th April as early sowing and the 5th May as late sowing) and the second factor was peanut cultivar (Dăbuleni, Viorica, Viviana). According to the results of the experiment the sowing time had significant impact on the pods number per plant, the production of pods and the grain oil content. Analyzing the interaction between the sowing time and the cultivar there were significant differences only in the pod number per plant in 2015 and the production of pods in 2016. In all peanut's genotypes studied, early sowing led to higher yields of pods compared to late sowing, probably due to the shortening of the vegetation period of the crop by late sowing on the 5th May, which led also to less dry matter and lower oil content accumulated in peanut grains. Therefore, the results suggested that early sowing time is the most recommended for peanuts growth and quality yield in sandy marginal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the shoots in laboratory conditions, it was necessary to prepare the sweet potato tubers and plant them, ensuring favorable conditions of temperature, light and humidity. Axial shoots from sweet potato varieties: KSP1, DK 19/1, DK 19/2, DCh 19/3, DK 19/4 and DK 19/5 were used as a source of explants for the initiation of in vitro culture. Through a single factor experiment in three repetitions, the analyzed factor was the sweet potato variety, with 6 graduations, and as a control the average values for the studied elements were established. Determinations were made on the following parameters: the formation of shoots, the number of leaves, the height of the plantlets and the weight of the fresh root. The results presented in this study highlight the possibility of obtaining sweet potato shoots and in laboratory conditions, throughout the year, with minimal costs. allowing in vitro cultivation technique to obtain in a short time a stock of healthy starting material, which can be used as planting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out in the period 2019-2021 on the autumn rye crop, located in the conditions of sandy soils in southern Oltenia, Romania and aimed at involving foliar fertilizers with a high content of microelements on plant productivity and quality of grain production. The obtained results showed that the highest production of rye grains, of 3566.25 kg / ha, was achieved by foliar fertilization with the product Basfoliar 36 Extra, applied in a dose of 8 l / ha, on an agrofund of N150P80K80, in the phase forming the first internode of the plant. Grain production was significantly positively correlated with the number of grains in the ear (r = 0.859**) and with the weight of one thousand grains (r = 9.914**). From the point of view of grain quality, foliar fertilization with Polyactiv Mn product, applied in a dose of 2.5 l/ha, on the N150P80K80 agrofound (Crude Protein = 13.23%; Gluten = 28.48%; Zeleny index = 48.67 ml), foliar fertilizer that increased rye production by 524.35 kg/ha, significant difference from non-fertilized foliar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study, carried out in the period 2018-2020, aimed at the influence of the harvest season on the components involved in the production of biomass obtained from sweet sorghum grown in sandy soils in southern Oltenia. The obtained results showed a maximum of the total biomass production of 80.62 t / ha, obtained when harvesting the sweet sorghum in the milk wax grain phase. Among the components of the total biomass production, the highest percentage was represented by the stems, respectively 71.2-80.5 %, depending on the harvest season. The percentage of sugar, extracted from the stem, was positively correlated with the dry matter and negatively with the leaf surface index, which recorded the maximum value (19.2%) by harvesting the sugar sorghum in the physiological maturity phase of the grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxomycetes are naturally occurring organisms with habitats from tropical to temperate area with preference for humid and diverse ecosystems. Yet, an association of myxomycetes - sweet potato in Romania, on sandy soils has been detected in 2020. Sweet potatoes are cultivated at Dabuleni Research Station in mixture of forest top soil, sand and peat under greenhouse conditions. Relative humidity and temperatures are high throughout the season with highest values at the end of summer, favouring myxomycetes organism to complete its life cycle. Several stages of plasmodium and sporangia were observed in the field. The crop was not affected by the colonization of myxomycetes. Morphological identification lead to a species of Stemonitidales. This is the first report in Romania of myxomycetes-crop association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the agronomic point of view, Jerusalem artichoke is considered a drought-resistant species and can be grown in non-irrigated conditions, by capitalizing on poor soils. Research conducted at RDSPCS Dabuleni in the period 2018- 2020 under irrigation conditions showed that Jerusalem artichoke is a species that has performed well in cultivation on sandy soils. The experiment was placed on a soil with a low nitrogen content, normal phosphorus, low potassium and organic matter, and the soil reaction was weakly acidic. The research results in the period 2018-2020 show that the highest production of above-ground biomass (stems + leaves) of 64779 kg/ha was obtained on the agrofund of N160P160 K80 and the planting distance of 40 cm between plants in a row. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oltenia, Studii si Comunicari Seria Stiintele Naturii is the property of Museum of Oltenia Craiova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research was carried out between 2016 and 2017 at R&DSPCS Dăbuleni, on a sandy soil with low natural fertility. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the content in organic carbon was 0.09-0.67% and a pHH2O varied between 5.23 and 6.49. There were regenerated 18 yellow melon genotypes, preserved in Suceava Genebank, as part of a Project ADER 3.1.4, funded by MADR through the Sectoral Program 2015-2018. The obtained results showed a good behavior of the melon culture in the conditions of sandy soils. In case of the studied genetic resources of yellow melon, it was identified a great variety of physiological and morphological characteristics, which can be used in the future in the improvement of the existing varieties. Analyzing the diurnal variation of the photosynthesis according to the intensity of the active radiation, during the blooming phase, it was found that, at an active radiation between 1,800 and 1,815 µmol / m² / s, photosynthesis recorded the highest value of 30.97 µmol CO2 / m² / s at 12 o'clock, with a consumption of 8.73 mmol H2O / m² / s through the transpiration process. The correlation established with the second-order polynomial function between plant transpiration and photosynthesis, recorded at the three moments of the day during the blooming phase at the 18 melon genotypes reveals a distinct positive functional relationship (r = 0.393 **), which indicates the efficient utilization of water losses of up to 8.72 mmol H2O / m² / s by accumulating a maximum of the photosynthesis rate of 36.33 µmol CO2 / m² / s, in case of TEMP-1180 genotype. The best results in terms of fruit weight (1.8-2.3 kg) were recorded in the following genotypes: TEMP-288, TEMP-77, TEMP-1180, TEMP-1182, TEMP 1029. The soluble dry matter content varied in the range of 5-10%, being also a character of each variety, which can be influenced also by environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Convolvulaceae family, being the only one of over 1,000 species of this family of major economic importance. Under the pedo-climatic conditions of 2017, RDSPCS DĂBULENI set up this experience, which shows the importance of planting the shoots obtained by planting the tubers in the previously disinfected solarium with Basamid 5G (Dazomet 97 %), applied at a dose of 5 kilograms/100 m². Following the harvesting of the production on variants, the qualitative indices of the sweet potato tubers were established. The production obtained from applying the chemical treatments on the culture set up with shoots obtained on Basamid 5G-treated soil (20 days before the planting of the tubers in the solar) was distinctly significant compared to that obtained in the crop with shoots on untreated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2015 and 2017, at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni, were studied three varieties of sweet potato to determine the influence of environmental factors on some plant metabolic processes and, consequently, on the production achieved. The varieties studied were Yulmi, Juhwangmi and KSP 1. The results revealed the influence of the variety, the planting season and the climatic conditions on the development of physiological processes, their intensity influencing the quantity and quality of production. The best results on the production were recorded at the variants cultivated under the climatic conditions of the 2016 year, detaching the variant cultivated with the Juhwangmi variety, with an average production of 43.6 tons. At Yulmi and KSP 1 varieties it was obtained the highest production at variants grown in the first epoch of 2016 year (May 10-15), respectively 34.3 tons at Yulmi variety and 31.7 tons at KSP 1 variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability of climate, especially lack of rain and low fertility psamosoils determines that surfaces quite stretched in most crop yields to be much reduced. In this context, the choice assortment of plants and varieties with high adaptability to the harsh conditions of climate and soil is a necessity for obtaining high yields, stable and reliable, that provide increased energy needs of the population food. Research conducted during 2013-2015 at the Research - Development Center for Agricultural Plants on Sands, Dabuleni, highlights a favorable microclimate for plant growth and development of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The values recorded physiological indices sweet potato grown in climatic conditions in the sandy soils of southern Oltenia showed that it easily adapts to the conditions of excess heat here is a plant heat-loving and light. Productions made from sweet potato varieties Pumpkin (KSP1) and Chestnut (KSC 1), sandy soil conditions studied ranged 17428kg / ha and 35467 kg / ha depending on the crop and cultivated variety. We showed correlations between tuber production and the amount of degrees of temperature recorded in air (r = 0.904; r = 0.992). Also between rainfall and production carried out by two varieties of sweet potato is negative correlations (r = -0.642; r = - 0.848). These correlations highlight the specificity of the plant to dry climate. Nutritional quality presented values differentiated to the two varieties studied, according to the year of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]