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Climate changes have never been as dramatically apparent in our everyday life as now. It is urgent to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the consequences of climate changes both on the planet and on human health. The indiscriminate exploitation of natural  resources and the lack of shared  rules are among the major causes. Recently, some economists have called for a radical change in the present economic model towards a ‘social solidarity economy’ model. G.Giraud, a French economist, called for an ecological and social transition in order to reduce the ecological footprint and deal concretely with the problem of global warming. The good news is that the solutions are there and do not have to be punitive. Health consequences of climate changes have already caused serious draw backs on public health. Doctors and scientific institutions can and must contribute to help mitigate the effects of climate change through increasing commitment and support to goodenvironmental policies.  Climate emergency requires the extension of ethics and medical practice beyond their traditional mission to involve the relationship between patients, doctors and society. We propose that medical scientific institutions quickly promote the birth of task forces dedicated to addressing this problem. (GCND_planet), Climate changes have never been as dramatically apparent in our everyday life as now. It is urgent to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the consequences of climate changes both on the planet and on human health. The indiscriminate exploitation of natural  resources and the lack of shared  rules are among the major causes. Recently, some economists have called for a radical change in the present economic model towards a ‘social solidarity economy’ model. G.Giraud, a French economist, called for an ecological and social transition in order to reduce the ecological footprint and deal concretely with the problem of global warming. The good news is that the solutions are there and do not have to be punitive. Health consequences of climate changes have already caused serious draw backs on public health. Doctors and scientific institutions can and must contribute to help mitigate the effects of climate change through increasing commitment and support to goodenvironmental policies.  Climate emergency requires the extension of ethics and medical practice beyond their traditional mission to involve the relationship between patients, doctors and society. We propose that medical scientific institutions quickly promote the birth of task forces dedicated to addressing this problem. (GCND_planet)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the major types of cerebral small vessel disease, and a leading cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive decline in elderly patients. Although increasingly detected, a number of aspects including the pathophysiology, the clinical and neuroradiological phenotype, and the disease course are still under investigation. The incomplete knowledge of the disease limits the implementation of evidence-based guidelines on patient’s clinical management and the development of treatments able to prevent or reduce disease progression. The SENECA (SEarchiNg biomarkErs of Cerebral Angiopathy) project is the first Italian multicenter cohort study aimed at better defining the disease natural history and identifying clinical and neuroradiological markers of disease progression. By a multidisciplinary approach and the collection of a large and well-phenotyped series and biorepository of CAA patients, the study is ultimately expected to improve the diagnosis and the knowledge of CAA pathophysiological mechanisms.

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is becoming an emerging clinical entity, and is currently the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. ATTR consists of two distinct diseases depending on whether the amyloid fibrils derive from the intact molecule of TTR (ATTR wild-type or senile systemic amyloidosis) or from different mutations occurred in the TTR molecule gene (ATTRm). Total-body scintigraphy with diphosphonates has greatly improved the diagnosis in patients with isolated cardiac involvement for both ATTRm and ATTRwt, thus avoiding the need of endomiocardial biopsy in cases without serum and/or urinary monoclonal component (MC). Heart failure alone, or associated with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, are the main clinical symptoms in these patients. Particular attention must be paid in order to exclude hypertrophic cardiomiopathy or light chain (AL) forms in patients with MC. Today, besides hepatic transplantation, which is almost reserved to patients with early Val30Met neuropathy, many new therapeutic alternatives can be offered to these patients. Tafamidis, a TTR-stabilizer that has recently proved to be effective in cardiac forms of both ATTRm and ATTRwt, is now ready for clinical use. In addition, drugs silencing the TTR messenger RNA should soon be available for treatment. The many therapeutic opportunities available today for ATTR, strenghten even more the need for an early diagnosis of the disease both in ATTRm and ATTRwt., Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is becoming an emerging clinical entity, and is currently the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. ATTR consists of two distinct diseases depending on whether the amyloid fibrils derive from the intact molecule of TTR (ATTR wild-type or senile systemic amyloidosis) or from different mutations occurred in the TTR molecule gene (ATTRm). Total-body scintigraphy with diphosphonates has greatly improved the diagnosis in patients with isolated cardiac involvement for both ATTRm and ATTRwt, thus avoiding the need of endomiocardial biopsy in cases without serum and/or urinary monoclonal component (MC). Heart failure alone, or associated with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, are the main clinical symptoms in these patients. Particular attention must be paid in order to exclude hypertrophic cardiomiopathy or light chain (AL) forms in patients with MC. Today, besides hepatic transplantation, which is almost reserved to patients with early Val30Met neuropathy, many new therapeutic alternatives can be offered to these patients. Tafamidis, a TTR-stabilizer that has recently proved to be effective in cardiac forms of both ATTRm and ATTRwt, is now ready for clinical use. In addition, drugs silencing the TTR messenger RNA should soon be available for treatment. The many therapeutic opportunities available today for ATTR, strenghten even more the need for an early diagnosis of the disease both in ATTRm and ATTRwt.